ARTS 1510 Looking at Art: Approaches to Interpretation (Final Exam)

When designing a Gothic cathedral with a huge stained-glass window covering nearly an entire wall, an architect would have used this architectural feature to divide the weight of the ceiling.

flying buttresses

This painting process relies on freshly applied lime plaster to hold the pigment in place.

fresco

The architects of the Renaissance looked to the ________ for their inspiration

greeks and romans

These simple symbolic graphics are often used for products that people of many different cultures use, so there is no need for language translation.

icons

What are images that are created to inform as well as to embellish a written or printed text called?

illustration

Vincent van Gogh used thick swirls of paint in his work Starry Night. What was this technique called?

impasto

How did it become possible to decipher hieroglyphs?

in 1799 through the discovery of the Rosetta Stone (3.1.12), which was found by the French army during Napoleon's invasion of Egypt. The lettering on the stone is dated to 196 BCE and repeats the decrees of Ptolemy V, the Greek ruler of Egypt, in three separate forms of writing. Hieroglyphic and Demotic were different written forms of the Egyptian spoken language; Greek was familiar to many scholars and was the key to deciphering the other two.

This method of sculpture involves the construction of a space or the assembly of objects to create an environment, often encouraging a viewer to experience the work physically, using all of their senses.

installation

Name the period that followed the end of the Western Roman Empire.

middle ages or midevil period

Mesoamerican art was made in:

modern day Mexico and Central America

Artworks in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries can ________.

no idea? (section 3.10)

Forms that tend to be irregular, and similar to naturally occurring objects, are known as __________ forms.

organic

The lines that create the image of the Nazca Monkey "drawing" define the __________ of a __________.

outline; shape

ESSAY QUESTION: Robert Rauschenberg made a new and unique artwork by erasing most of a work by Willem de Kooning. Do you believe that the eraser is a valid artistic medium when used in this way? Which of the two artists deserves more credit for this work? What factors affected your decision?

page 188

Paint in its most basic form is composed of ________ and a liquid binder

pigment

This style of architecture, which emerged in the 1980s, combines the hard rectangles of Modernism with unusual materials and stylistic features from the past.

postmodernism

For what three innovations in art was Marcel Duchamp responsible?

ready-mades, kinetic sculptures, conceptual art

Unlike freestanding sculpture, this type of sculpture is intended to be viewed from one side only.

relief

What is the assumed purpose of the Woman from Willendorf?

representations of women's accumulated knowledge and cultural continuity across generations; celebrates the woman as a potential mother and bringer of life.

Another name for freestanding sculpture is:

sculpture in the round

The principles of design are a kind of __________ that artists apply to the elements of art.

set of rules; as grammar is to vocabulary, so principles of design are to elements of art

What kind of photograph emphasizes the candid and spontaneous moment?

snapshot

Which type of analysis would tell you that the appearance of Hieronymus Bosch's artwork consistently emphasized fantastic scenes and distorted human anatomy to emphasize a religious message that condemned immorality, rather than creating convincing realism or portraying accurate proportions?

stylistic analysis

The essence of visual communication design is the use of ________ to communicate information and ideas.

symbol

How does Georges Braque's Man with A Guitar (3.9.7) relate to the person and scene it represents?

the man and the guitar are suggested in lines and shapes placed in predictable locations. (pg. 504)

When were the first successful photographs made using a camera?

the nineteenth century

The work Coalopolis by American artist Ralph M. Larmann utilizes acrylic paint. This medium is derived from modern manufacturing processes. The paintings content conveys:

the uncomfortable relationship between economic progress and ecological damage; environmental disaster (plastic quality of the polymer reflects and is derived from contemporary manufacturing processes.)

Which of the following is a characteristic of most Impressionist artists or their paintings?

they were united in rejecting the formal approach of the art taught at the Academy in Paris. Their art attempted not so much to portray exactly and realistically such scenes as a landscape or life in a city (although they did depict those subjects) as to capture the light and sensations produced by the scene.

These four visual elements of art—form, volume, mass, and texture—are present in __________ works of art.

three-dimensional

Modernism is defined as a break from tradition.

true

Iconoclasm is the destruction of images.

true; destruction of images or artworks often out of religious beliefs

What element describes the imposition of order and harmony on on a design?

unity

Compositional unity strikes an interesting balance between the monotony of too much similarity, and the chaos of too much ________ in a work of art.

variety

The elements of art form the basic __________ of art.

vocabulary

Derived from Greek, what does the word photograph mean?

"writing with light"

What makes socially engaged art different from other types of art?

- Art made by people in the community in response to social issues - may require many people to become involved in its construction. - to be contemplated by countless viewers

Which of the following styles developed first?

- Renaissance - 14th-17th century - Romantic - 19th century - Neoclassicism: late 18th early 19th century - The movement called Realism refers specifically to writers and artists in France who were concerned about achieving social change after the Revolution of 1848. (19th cent.) - The Impressionists formed a group to show their work together outside of the official Salon, in eight exhibitions held between 1874 and 1886. - Post-Impressionists: 1885-1905 - Symbolist - 1885-1910 - Expressionism: 1905-1920 - Abstract Expressionism (mid twentieth century) - Modernism: radically new twentieth century art

Which of the following statements is a formal analysis of El Anatsui's Man's Cloth?

A formal analysis describes in specific detail how each element and principle is utilized within it. Therefore, whichever statement discusses texture, color, symmetry, shape, etc.

Pablo Picasso was influenced by art objects from ________ in his creation of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.

Africa

Why was gold important to the Moche culture?

Although gold was not considered as valuable as textiles in the ancient Andes, its symbolic associations with the sun's energy and power made it nonetheless very important.

What is the difference between analysis and critique?

Analysis is a detailed examination of the structure of an artwork whereas critique is a detailed assessment or evaluation of an artwork. Critique includes ones own viewpoints.

Which of the following is an accurate definition of art?

Art communicates an idea by visual means that can help us see the world in new and exciting ways and strengthen our understanding. In other words, art is a form of language.

Which of the following terms refers to the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries in Western Europe, a period marked by a general increase in theatricality and emotion in artworks?

Baroque

What do the artistic traditions of Africa and the Pacific Islands share?

Both of these regions' artistic traditions have relied on such natural materials as wood, reeds, shells, and earth. Artists from both regions incorporate references to their cultures mythology, religion, history, and life experience... (pg. 428)

In what culture were the earliest existing printed artworks on paper created?

Chinese culture

Who is the artist of the Untitled Film Stills series?

Cindy Sherman

Georges Braque's Man with A Guitar is associated with which art movement?

Cubism

This intaglio process is achieved by pulling a burin across the surface of a metal plate, leaving a burr where the ink will collect.

Drypoint

What role did photography play for the artist Thomas Eakins?

Eakins promoted the study of anatomy through photographs and through observation of dissections. He, too, observed the human body in motion through photography.

Hieroglyphics was the written language used by the:

Egyptians

This intaglio process applies acid to mar the surface of a metal plate.

Etching

What aspects of Édouard Manet's Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass) bothered many viewers when the painting was first exhibited?

Her confident gaze suggests that she is not there for the erotic pleasure of the audience.

What artist created "The Great Wave off Shore at Kanagawa"?

Katsushika Hokusai

Where is the 9/11 Memorial in New York City?

Located between and to the side of the tower waterfalls is the entrance to the 9/11 Memorial Museum, which is entirely underground.

The work of ________ was a direct influence on the conceptual art movement.

Marcel Duchamp

Which artist, using the buon fresco method, painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which took four years to complete, in sections?

Michelangelo Buonarroti

What does Théodore Géricault's painting Raft of the Medusa depict?

On July 2, 1816, the French naval vessel Medusa ran aground off the coast of West Africa. While the captain and approximately 250 crew boarded the lifeboats, the rest of the passengers—146 men and one woman, some of them enslaved people—got onto a makeshift raft that had been built from the wreckage. Although the raft was initially pulled by lifeboats, the Capitan soon abandoned it. Only 15 survived, some were cannibalized.

The Woman from Willendorf is made from which medium?

Oolitic limestone

What is The School of Athens about?

Raphael links a gathering of great philosophers and scientists from the Classical past to sixteenth-century Italy by using people he knew as models for the figures from ancient Greece and Rome. (pg.451)

Which of the following terms means "rebirth" and is used to describe an artistic movement characterized by renewed interest in ancient Greece and Rome?

Renaissance

This American artist created a large earthwork titled Spiral Jetty in the Great Salt Lake in Utah from 1969 to 1970.

Robert Smithson

The Bayeux Tapestry depicts which English battle?

The Battle of Hastings

Why were some opposed to Maya Lin's design of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial?

The descent into the ground symbolized a moral criticism of both the war and its soldiers. And the use of dark granite instead of white marble, more conventionally used for memorials, as a criticism.

What is the African Diaspora?

The regions affected by the mass dispersal of Africans, whether by the trade in enslaved people or by choice, and which include the Americas, the Caribbean, Asia, and Europe.

Why was Les Demoiselles d'Avignon considered revolutionary?

They concentrated on their underlying geometric form and the construction of pictorial space, and together eventually developed the style known as Cubism. Instead of showing conventionally realistic objects in the illusion of three-dimensional space, in the way that had fascinated European artists since the Renaissance, they enabled us to see what an object might look like if we could see more than one side of it at the same time.

What characteristic do all sculptures have in common?

They exist in three dimensions and occupy physical space in our world. And they invite us to interact with them.

Archetypes reflect universal shared ideas that are based on an original, often a prototype that is imitated.

True

Despite the imagery of death and despair present in Théodore Géricault's Raft of the Medusa, the artist imbued his figures with a sense of nobility.

True

In The Dinner Party, Judy Chicago focuses attention on many women who had been forgotten over time as well as the overlooked feminine arts of embroidery, porcelain painting, domesticity.

True

How do we know about cultures from the ancient Americas?

We can trace the early cultures of South America, ancient Mexico and Central America (Mesoamerica), and North America through their art and architecture. (pg. 410)

Zen gardens are places for:

Zen gardens are designed to be places to embrace the present moment and meditate on nature and life.

Architects consider ________ when designing a building.

a building's function and it's intended role in the community

What was the inspiration for Untitled Film Stills series?

about the representations of the women being shown and the ways that each viewer interprets them; The women in them always seem as if they are being watched, the object of an unseen voyeur's gaze, so that these images call attention to and question the way we look at women; imagine these 1950s-inspired women in order to make it clear how narrow the representations of and expectations for women had been only a few short years before.

Physicists have explained that when we see a color, it is the portion of the light spectrum that a surface fails to:

absorb

The division between art and craft commenced during this period.

after 1400; during the renaissance

What is Marcel Duchamp's Bicycle Wheel an example of?

an assemblage of found objects; dada; anti-art

Creating visual weight and counterweight is part of an artist's use of the element of ________ in creating a work of art.

balance

Artworks made using alternative media and processes:

breakdown the traditional boundaries between media and life

This sculpting process involves adding a liquid or pliable material to a mold.

casting

What is the formal element of painting that Mark Rothko explored?

color (pg. 516)

Vasily Kandinsky's works are notable for the way he combined:

color and form; (music and color/ sight and sound)

How is an artwork that consists exclusively of drawings, designs, and plans for an action that may or may not take place separately best described?

conceptual art? (section 2.10)

In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, artists made artwork:

contemperary?

When may artworks in this chapter be connected to the theme of community art?

don't know; section 4.1

In his photograph Place de l'Europe, Gare Saint Lazare, Henri Cartier-Bresson captured the subject so that the viewer concentrates on the ________ and ________ of the scene.

fleeting moment and immediacy? (pg. 307)