ASH 310 Final Exam

50. Which of the following statements is false? a. By definition, deviance is not necessarily positive or negative. b. Deviance can result from either overconforming or underconforming to sport rules, traditions, and culture. c. Deviance can involve not conforming to the rules and norms of a group. d. Deviance is caused by hereditary characteristics.

D

Which of the following was not a landmark social change in society over the past 60 years?

Title IX

Murderball is a documentary film about

a movie that aims to inform viewers about truths

What conclusion can you draw from the fact that, historically, the U.S. government has exempted professional sport leagues from antitrust laws?

a. Individuals and organizations with power and influence affect government decisions more than those without power and influence.

People involved in sport often claim that sport participation helps build good character in young people. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

athletes exhibit better moral behavior than non athletes exhibit

Poor sporting behavior is more likely to occur in

athletes/ that are in football or basketball

Many governments throughout history have been accused of using sport as an "opiate of the masses." These governments have typically been

authoritarian

. It is difficult to discuss violence in sport because a. many sports do not involve physical contact b. many sports inherently require actions that would be illegal outside of sport c. violence is never accepted in sport d. sport officials do not admit that their sports are violent

b

51. There is less deviance in relation to sport rules today than in the past. Which of the following is not a contributing factor in this change? a. Better officiating b. Athletes who are less considerate c. Tougher penalties for infractions d. Accountability for coaches

b

Which of the following statements is false about concussions and sport? a. Concussion symptoms may include confusion and blurred vision. b. Adults take longer to recover from a concussion than children do. c. Concussion involves traumatic injury of the brain. d. The majority of concussions at the high school level occur in football.

b

Good sporting behavior involves

behaving ethically in sports

The female who has had the greatest effect on women's sport in our time, both during and after her playing career, is

billie jean king

What sport has a history of participation by recent immigrants and members of the lower class?

boxing

In the 1970s, of every dollar spent on sport,

boys received 99cents and girls 1cent

53. Which of the following groups of men are most likely to commit acts of violence against women? a. professional athletes b. college athletes c. men who control women through their profession d. men who abuse alcohol

c

Hazing includes all but which of the following components? a. rite of passage b. imbalance of power c. harmlessness d. alcohol

c

Which of the following statements is false? a. Excessive drinking among college athletes is trending downward. b. Substance abuse is higher in Division III. c. Male basketball players have the highest use of marijuana. d. Male athletes tend to use drugs more than female athletes d

c

Which of the following statements is false concerning the growing importance of sport participation by older adults?

c. For older adults, social interaction through sport is just as important as the physical workout.

Which of the following statements is false? a. Race is determined by heredity. b. Ethnicity is determined by environment. c. Race and ethnicity are the same characteristic. d. The "one-drop rule" determines a person's ethnicity.

c. Race and ethnicity are the same characteristic.

12. Which of the following patterns has not been attributed to the practice of stacking by race? a. Quarterbacks, centers, and offensive linemen being mainly white b. Pitchers and catchers being mainly white c. Running backs, wide receivers, and outfielders being mainly black d. Placekickers being mainly foreign

c?

. Which of the following statements is false regarding religious identification in the United States?

cc. Jews account for more than 10 percent.

Football players who try to get away with holding an opposing player illegally in order to gain an advantage often rationalize their actions by saying that "everyone does it." According to Kohlberg's model, these players are operating at what level of moral reasoning?

conventional ( good boy or girl)

The education and life experiences that we acquire are referred to as our

cultural capital

. African Americans dominate in basketball, football, and track and field because of a. a higher proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers b. less body fat, longer arms, and slimmer hips c. cultural influence and opportunity d. coolness under pressure

cultural influence and opportunity

Which of the following factors is not related to off-field violence by athletes? a. alcohol abuse b. social class c. competition outcomes d. personality

d

30. Which of the following statements is false regarding the Special Olympics and the Paralympics? a. Both competitions are worldwide and held every four years. b. Both involve more than 5,000 athletes from more than 120 countries. c. The Special Olympics are for athletes with mental disability, and the Paralympics are for athletes with physical disability. d. Both competitions are organized, supervised, and partially funded by the U.S. Olympic Committee.

d. Both competitions are organized, supervised, and partially funded by the U.S. Olympic Committee.

At the local level, communities have the responsibility to a. offer separate sport programs for athletes with disability b. mainstream athletes with disability into existing programs whenever possible c. bus athletes with disability to nearby communities d. sponsor high-performance competition for athletes with disability

d. sponsor high-performance competition for athletes with disability

46. Which of the following is not an example of the typical political orientation of major sport organizations?

d. view of sport as a change agent

According to research conducted by the Josephson Institute using data collected from 4,200 high school athletes, which of the following statements is NOT true?

girls tend to exhibit negative behavior in tennis and soccer

Which city has appointed itself the "amateur sports capital of the world"?

indianapolis

. A baseball pitcher is often encouraged to "brush back" a batter who homered in his previous at bat. A functionalist theoretician would justify this action as

its a baseball tradition

Which of the following is not true about the United States Olympic Committee (USOC)?

its funded by the us gov

Which of the following statements is false about the American Association of People with Disabilities? a. It ensures that recreational opportunities exist for people with disability. b. It is managed by people with disability. c. It represents all people with disability. d. It is a government program.

its gov program

Several national religious organizations have used sport to attract young athletes and help them learn about a given religion. Which of the following is not an example of such an organization?

jocks and jews

17. Which of the following is not a reason that females were historically excluded from competitive sport?

lack of female sports models

Which social class is most likely to favor hunting and fishing?

lower class

Sports that are available through schools and community programs (e.g., football, soccer, basketball, baseball, softball, volleyball) are most likely to be chosen by the

middle class

The Olympic Games have traditionally been organized by the leaders of the upper and upper-middle classes. Most Olympic champions come from

middle class

Athletes at any level who take performance-enhancing substances are operating at what level of moral behavior?

preconventional

Many early settlers in the United States strongly believed that the main purpose of the body was to work for survival and that sport and games were inappropriate pastimes. These beliefs were attributed primarily to

puritans

. Individual politicians have not used sport to

raise money for their political campaing

Breaking a rule because doing so can help one's team win is referred to as

rational rule braking

Athletes of various religions use prayer to help them

reduce pressure

Which civilization ended the ancient Olympic Games in an attempt to stamp out paganism?

roman

Although Jewish people make up a relatively small percentage of the U.S. population, they have had a significant effect on certain sports. Which of the following sports has not been marked by exceptional performances by Jewish athletes? a. basketball b. boxing c. soccer d. tennis

soccer

Which of the following statements is false? a. About 20 percent of Americans have disability. b. As of 2014, 108 million adults were over the age of 50 in the United States. c. As the population ages, the number of people with disability will increase proportionately. d. Due to advances in medical care, the number of people with disability is decreasing.

special Olympic

Which of the following events has been used to display the most nationalistic pride?

super bowl

According to a Women's Sports Foundation study, if a girl does not participate in sport by the time she is 10, then

theres is only 10 percent chance that she will participate when she is 25

"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance." This statement describes which of the following?

tittle IX(9)

Overall, at most levels of competition, sport in the United States is dominated by a. whites b. African Americans c. Latinos d. Asian Americans

whites

By the 1850s, the organized religions of Protestantism and Roman Catholicism found values that they shared with sport. These values did not include

winning

Elite athletes who participate in high-performance training in the individual sports of tennis, golf, skiing, sailing, and equestrianism usually come from a household with an annual income of at least

100,000

African Americans make up about 10 percent of Major League Baseball players, and players from outside the United States about 28 percent. The largest number of Latino players come from

27%

Although women were banned from the modern Olympic Games in the early years, by the 2012 Summer Games in London the percentage of female competitors had risen to

44%