ASL4
Timeline (Past, Present, Future NMM)
"CS"= immediate, recent, very soon "MM"= a while ago/sometime in the future "AHH"= a long time ago, way in the future
Artifact
"Culture" sign then thing
Emotions
"E" on both interchangeably circles against chest inwards; similar to "theatre"
What are BODY Classifiers?
"Enacts" the verb in the sentence (i.e. throwing up, giving a hug, yawning)
Admission Fee
"Get into to" sign then "fee" fingerspelled
Gift Shop
"Give" of "gift" then "store" sign
Donation
"Give" or "gift"
Best
"Good", then "-er" (right thumbs up moves upwards)
Spicy
"Hot" but stays facing towards mouth and twinkles outwards
First
"Number One" twists inwards, but also can be twisted downwards
Deaf History: 2011
"Switched at Birth" TV show premieres
Deaf History: 1870s
Alexander Graham Bell stole the patent for the phone, became rich and famous, due to profits from his patent. He established a school for deaf children, promoting oral education
Deaf History: 1990
American Disabilities Act (ADA), Gary Malkowski becomes Canada's First Deaf Parliamentarian
What are some examples of "visual noise"?
City lights twinkling at night, Lights dimming, a bright flashlight (usually always light related)
Deaf History: 1988
Deaf President Now protect (DPN) at Gallaudet University
Using facial expression to . . .
Describe
adverb
Describes a verb (I.e. hurriedly, clumsily, slowly, madly)
What are DESCRIPTIVE Classifiers?
Describes an object/person (i.e. freckles, long eyelashes, stripes)
Find 3 Gifs and practice describing them
https://giphy.com/
Consultative Register
Maintains formality, but between a smaller group Settings: Classroom, meeting, doctor's office, lawyer's office Examples: Teacher in a class, introducing a visiting presenter
What are INSTRUMENT Classifiers?
Manipulates an object (i.e. hammer to a nail, sweeping a broom, turning up the stereo)
Deaf History: 1987
Marlee Marlin is the first Deaf person to win an Oscar, also still the youngest Best Actress Oscar winner
mouth morphemes
the use of the mouth as an independent morpheme which combines with a variety of manual signs (mouthing "th" when signing "sloppy" or "oo" with "awesome")
Directional Verbs/Inflecting Verbs
verbs that include "who did what to whom?", what is occuring to a person/self and/or object (I.e. I-HELP-YOU/YOU-HELP-ME and MONEY-I-GIVE-YOU/MONEY-YOU-GIVE-ME)
Deaf History: 1902
The very first recorded movie seems to be of a Deaf white woman signing the Star-Spangled Banner, Thomas Edison invented the video recorder, the same person who invented electricity
Frozen Register
The words and sentences never change; rare to see in ASL Settings: Courtroom, Church, Legislature, etc. Examples: Pledge of Allegiance, Wedding Vows, Miranda Rights, Courtroom Oath
Historically, why have ASL stories evolved to have cinematic techniques such as 3D signing space, signing style, and speed
There were no captions on TV shows and movies (now there is video-based ASL storytelling)
Classifiers are handshapes that are associated with specific categories:
Things (objects, people, animals, vehicles, etc.) Sizes (amount, largeness, smallness, relative size, volume, etc.) Shapes (including outlines, perimeters, surfaces, configurations, gradients, etc.) Usage (movement paths, speed, interactions, etc.)
While the Deaf/ASL native community has their own stories, individuals may adapt English stories why?
To be more inclusive and relatable
What are PLURAL Classifiers?
Indicates either specific number or non-specific number (i.e. two people walking, long line of people, people seated in a circle)
Casual Register
Informal and usually in everyday life Settings: Party, informal gatherings, everyday interactions, etc. Example: Classmates talking in the hallway
What do Classifiers include?
Information, description, arrangement, and function of the object
ASL Depiction is . . .
The use of body space to depict or relate entities
What are some advantages to being Deaf/Knowing ASL?
1. Able to sleep through the night (deafness) 2. Talking from separate cars 3. Speaking underwater during scuba diving 4. Talk when mouth is full 5. Understand and help end Audism 6. Communicate in a private or loud setting 7. Get to know people in the Deaf community
Types of Deaf Stories
1. Discovering Deaf Identity 2. Triumphing Over Ignorance 3. Deaf as Leverage
Language Registers Types:
1. Frozen Register 2. Formal Register 3. Consultative Register 4. Casual Register 5. Intimate Register
Story Structure & its Components:
1. OPENING 2. What Happened? 3. When (TIME) 4. Where (SETTING) 5. Who (CHARACTERS) 6. Details/Impact (CLIMAX) 7. Purpose/Point/Lesson 8. WHY 9. Summary 10. CLOSING **Tip: Move from big picture to small details of the story**
Types of Stories
1. Overcoming Obstacles 2. Rebirth 3. Quest 4. Journey & Return 5. Rags to Riches 6. Tragedy 7. Comedy
Mouth Morphemes & Vocab: DRINK ICY-COLD= ? CAT BABY CUTE= ? CLEAN SPARKLY= ? STEAK THICK/HUGE= ? BUTTER NOW EXPENSIVE= ?
1. SOW 2. FFF 3. OOO 4. CHA 5. PUFFED CHEEKS
adjective
A word that describes a noun (I.e. orange, small, big, rough, etc.)
Deaf History: 1980s-1990s
Abolition of 150 years of oralism, Canada Deaf schools finally welcome the use of sign languages in classrooms
Where does an Adjective go in ASL sentence structure?
After the Object and before the Subject (Object Adjective Subject Verb)
What is proximilization?
Articulating movement and body joints for the production of ASL signing; babies with the native language of ASL
Taste
Ballet hand, middle finger against lips
Deaf History: 1901
Baseball & the American League, First Grand Slam, and William "Dummy" Hoy invented umpire hand signals
Top (as in top person, etc.)
Both hands flat, right touches left fingertips
Museum
Both hands have loose "M's", touch each other in front of torso and then move out and down
"Top Notch"
Both hands in "H", right fingers land on top of left, forming a "T"
Colonialism
Both hands open, move to the right, then close to fists
Hearing people tend to get to the point quickly when telling stories.
FALSE
Deaf History: 1831
First public Deaf school in Canada established
Deaf History: 1817
First public Deaf school in the United States established
Deaf History: 1760
First public Deaf school using sign language was in Paris, France
Deaf History: 1600
First publication about sign language written by Juan Pablo Bonet in Spain
Deaf History: 1913
George Vedic's, former president of NAD, did a classic, historical movie titled, "Preservation of the Sign Language"
5 Parameters of ASL
Handshape= shape of your hand that is used to create a sign Location= where the sign is in relation to your body Movement= the action used to create the sign Palm Orientation (PO)= position of your palms of your hands and their direction they face (outward, inward, etc.) Non-Manual Markers= facial expressions and body movements added to the signs to creat meaning
What are Classifiers?
Handshapes that show appearance, location, and movement; they represent nouns and their functions
Deaf History: 1995
Heather Whitestone was the first Miss America to be deaf, she does not use sign language
What is the Diamond Style of Storytelling?
It is the style of explaining a story that begins with an Opener and ends with a Closer
Deaf History: 2017
Johanna Lucht became the first Deaf engineer to carry out an active role in a NASA control center during a crewed research flight
Examples of Openings
Know-what Awful (MM) Know-that Must-Tell/Tell-Must Hey Interesting Happen-Recently/Recently-Happen True-Story Funny Story Finish-Heard?
Color Spectrum (MMP)
Light: "ooh", slightly raised eyebrows Regular: "mmm" Dark: "scrunched lips" and furrowed brows Neon: dramatic raised eyebrows, wide eyes, and exaggerate movement
Eye Gaze is an important part in ASL grammar, what are the 3 influencers of eye gaze direction?
Location (one person on a ladder while another is on the ground) Status (a boss yelling at an employee) Height (a parent speaking with a small child)
Deaf History: 1880
National Association of the Deaf (NAD) established, Milan Conference voted to support oral education
Deaf History: 1864
National College for the Deaf and Dumb, now known as Gallaudet University, established by President Abraham Lincoln
Deaf History: 1968
National Technical Institute for the Deaf established
Formal Register
Not as status as Frozen Register, but maintains formality; usually among a larger audience Settings: Lecture Hall, Banquet, Ceremony Example: At a Graduation Ceremony
How would you sign 15th, 16th, 17th, etc. Century?
Number and then "C" circles very small
How would you sign 1500's, 1600's, 1700's, etc.?
Number and then right fist twists inwards
Deaf History: 2016-2017
Nyle DiMarco wins America's Next Top Model & Dancing with the Stars
What is ASL sentence structure?
Object Subject Verb (English: Subject Verb Object)
ASL Directionality
One Sign can include the verb, the object, the subject, an adjective, an adverb, and sometimes location Ex: My friend is flying to me from New York, I am excited SIGNED: "FLY TO ME" with excited emotion from right corner.
Temporal Aspects: 6 versions
Ordinarily: within a normal frequency & duration; "MMM" Regularly & Concentratedly: within a more advanced frequency & duration; intense "MMM" with eye contact Hurriedly: within a fast frequency & duration; "SSS" with wide eyes Continually: within a lengthened frequency & duration; "AHHH" Prolongedly: within an extended length of frequency & duration; "AHHH" with wide eyes and body circling forward Prolongedly & Repeatedly: within an extreme length of frequency & duration; "STA STA" with body circling forward
What are SEMANTIC Classifiers?
Represents a category of nouns such as vehicle/person (i.e. person walking fast, dog sitting next to cat, row of chairs)
What are ELEMENT Classifiers?
Represents an element of the earth, like wind, rain, smoke, fire, and light (i.e. water from a faucet, a huge fire, flash of lightning)
What are LOCATIVE Classifiers?
Represents an object in a specific place, sometimes indicting movement (i.e. cup placed on a napkin, stove to the right in a kitchen, parked bike between two houses)
Champ!
Right claw lands on top of left pointer finger
Record (as in break a record, etc.)
Right hand in "S" shape while right elbow sits on top of left hand
Art
Right pinky finger squiggles along inside flat left palm
Number One (as in person being the first, etc.)
Right pointer finger swings to the inside of left thumb
Exhibit/Exhibition/Displays
Right pointer finger touches middle of left flat palm, moves slightly forward
Classifiers do what
Show how a noun moves, describing nouns, and show relationship of a noun to a noun
Temporal Aspects
Showing how a verb is done/completed with relationship to time and duration; equivalent of adverbs in English (i.e. hurriedly, etc.)
Mixed Color
Sign the two colors, but move body side to side only slightly; start with first color seen Ex: BLUE-GREEN-BLUE
When describing something (with MMP & Body, etc.) don't use . . .
Signed English words (I.e. dog protecting box, don't sign "protect", use your body)
Size (M.M)
Small= "ooo" Medium= "mmm" Large= "cha!"
In Narratives there are 3 types of "becoming the character", what are they?
Surrogate: becoming a person/character Personification: becoming an object Anthropomorphism: becoming an animal
Hearing people tend to tell stories that open with no references to specifics like where, who, when, or what. Then they eventually get to the point in the end. This storytelling structure looks like a half-diamond, starting broad and narrowing into the details at the end.
TRUE
The English word "to" is built into ASL
TRUE
When telling a short casual story in ASL, the structure starts with the opening, then the when, where, what, and the who. More details are added and elaborated on. Then the closing which tends to mirror the opening. This storytelling structure looks like a diamond with the top pointer being the opening and the bottom pointer being the closing.
TRUE
Examples of Closing
That Awful (MM) Told-you-so Real-Sad/Sad Thrill See-See Be-careful Funny Ironic/irony
Deaf History: 1500
The beginning of Deaf education began with the first private Deaf school established by Spanish monks
Deaf History: 1920s
The huddle was first created and used by Gallaudet University football team
When "becoming a character" remember...
The importance of Eye Gaze
Constructed Action is . . .
The signer using their face, head, body, hands, NMM, etc. to represent the actions, utterances, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes of an individual/entity
Intimate Register
Very informal and between people that are very close Settings: Home, Family, Best/Close friends Examples: A couple has a secret code for wanting to leave a party early
Deaf History: 1990
Video Relay Service (VRS) established in the United States
Constructed Dialogue is . . .
When a signer assumes the role of one or more people, quoting each character directly/ "retelling" a conversation; uses body shifting and pauses
Deaf History: 1910-1950s
World War I & II, Deaf employment increases, and William Stokoe was a linguist who wrote that ASL is a true, bonafide language
Does this follow ASL short casual story structure? HAPPEN RECENT. NIECE JOB PROMOTION. WHY? WORK HARD, FRIENDLY, PUNCTUAL. DESERVE. PROUD! (hands-waves) THRILL.
YES
