Assessing the Abdomen Practice Questions

Patient education for prevention of colon cancer should include which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. Maintaining a healthy weight 2. Eating a diet high in protein and grains 3. No limits on alcohol intake 4. Increasing the intensity of any exercise regimen

1, 4 1. This is correct. Maintain a healthy weight. Obesity increases the risk for colon cancer. 2. This is incorrect. Eat a healthy diet high in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; low in red and processed meats. 3. This is incorrect. Alcohol should be limited. 4. This is correct. Increase the intensity of any exercise regimen. Participate in moderate-to- vigorous exercise for 30 minutes, 5 or more days per week.

18. A rise in levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) can indicate: 1. Injury or damage to the liver. 2. Pancreatic insufficiency. 3. Excess bile production. 4. Nutritional deficiency.

1. Injury or damage to the liver. 1. This is correct. If damage to the liver occurs due to injury or pathology, there is a rise in these enzymes. 2. This is incorrect. The pancreatic enzymes of lipase and amylase would be affected. 3. This is incorrect. An increase in the bilirubin level increases bile production. 4. This is incorrect. Changes in AST and ALT are not related to nutritional deficiency.

If ascites is assessed and the patient is experiencing respiratory distress, a procedure for removing fluid from the peritoneal cavity is called: 1. Paracentesis. 2. Thoracentesis. 3. Chest tubes. 4. Gastrointestinal suction.

1. Paracentesis. 1. This is correct. Paracentesis is the procedure to remove fluid from the peritoneal cavity by inserting a needle into the cavity. This procedure is usually done when the patient is experiencing respiratory distress or abdominal pain. 2. This is incorrect. Thoracentesis removes fluid from the chest cavity. 3. This is incorrect. Chest tubes remove fluid and air from the chest cavity. 4. This is incorrect. Gastrointestinal suction removes fluid from the gastrointestinal tract.

A patient presents with complaints of feeling bloated. You percuss all four quadrants of the abdomen. A high-pitched, hollow-quality, drum-like sound that is heard over air-filled viscera is called: 1. Tympany. 2. Dullness. 3. Hyper-resonance. 4. Distention.

1. Tympany. 1. This is correct. Tympany is a high-pitched, hollow-quality, drum-like sound that is heard over air-filled viscera. 2. This is incorrect. Dullness is a low-amplitude sound heard over fluid, organs, adipose tissue, or a distended bladder. 3. This is incorrect. Hyper-resonance are high-pitched tympanic sounds between tympany and resonance that occur with air or gas in the intestine. 4. This is incorrect. Excessive, high-pitched tympanic sounds may indicate distention.

The nurse assesses the patient's pain as a dull, gnawing, cramping, or burning pain that is poorly localized. The nurse suspects that the pain is: 1. Visceral. 2. Parietal. 3. Peritoneal. 4. Referred.

1. Visceral. 1. This is correct. Visceral pain is dull, gnawing, cramping, or burning; poorly localized; and originates in the abdominal organs. 2. This is incorrect. Parietal pain is steady, sharp, localized, and intensifies with movement. It is usually caused by inflammation in the parietal peritoneum. 3. This is incorrect. Peritoneal pain caused by peritoneal inflammation produces localized, sharp, or generalized abdominal tenderness. 4. This is incorrect. Referred pain arises in one part of the abdomen but is perceived by the sensory cortex via nerve fibers remote from the site.

The nurse is auscultating bowel sounds. Which of the following steps are correct? Select all that apply. 1. Place the diaphragm of the stethoscope on the abdomen at the right upper quadrant. 2. Assess intensity, pitch, and frequency of bowel sounds. 3. Auscultate in all four abdominal quadrants. 4. Auscultate for a full minute before documenting that there are no bowel sounds.

2, 3 1. This is incorrect. Auscultate bowel sounds by placing the diaphragm of the stethoscope on the abdomen at the ileocecal valve (RLQ) where bowel sounds are usually always present. 2. This is correct. Assess the intensity, pitch, and frequency of the bowel sounds. 3. This is correct. Auscultate in all four abdominal quadrants (RLQ, RUQ, LUQ, LLQ). 4. This is incorrect. Listen for 5 minutes before documenting that there are no bowel sounds

The gallbladder and biliary system perform which of the following functions? Select all that apply. 1. Produce bile. 2. Collect and store bile. 3. Concentrate bile.4. Transport bile to the intestine to aid in digestion.

2, 3, 4 1. This is incorrect. Bile is produced by the liver. 2. This is correct. The gallbladder and biliary system collect and store bile. 3. This is correct. The gallbladder and biliary system concentrate bile. 4. This is correct. The gallbladder and biliary system transport bile to the intestines to aid in digestion.

A patient reports that he has recently traveled outside the country and is feeling ill. Suspecting hepatitis, the nurse should ask about which of the following symptoms? Select all that apply. 1. Back pain 2. Nausea 3. Fatigue 4. Poor appetite

2, 3, 4 1. This is incorrect. Hepatitis A, B, and C are caused by a specific virus causing infection and inflammation of the liver. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, not back pain. 2. This is correct. Hepatitis A, B, and C are caused by a specific virus causing infection and inflammation of the liver. Symptoms may include nausea. 3. This is correct. Hepatitis A, B, and C are caused by a specific virus causing infection and inflammation of the liver. Symptoms may include fatigue. 4. This is correct. Hepatitis A, B, and C are caused by a specific virus causing infection and inflammation of the liver. Symptoms may include poor appetite.

The sequence of an abdominal assessment is different from other assessments so that peristalsis is not stimulated. Put the sequence for the abdominal assessment in order (1-4). (Enter the number of each step in the proper sequence. Do not use punctuation or spaces. Example: 1234.) ____1. Palpation ____2. Inspection ____3. Auscultation ____4. Indirect percussion

2, 3, 4, 1 Feedback: For an abdominal assessment, inspection is done first, followed by auscultation, percussion, and palpation.

You are performing an abdominal assessment and know that solid abdominal viscera include which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. Gallbladder 2. Adrenal glands 3. Kidneys 4. Liver 5. Ovaries

2, 3, 4, 5 1. This is incorrect. The hollow viscera are the gallbladder, small intestine, stomach, colon, and bladder. 2. This is correct. The solid viscera of the abdomen includes the adrenal glands. 3. This is correct. The solid viscera of the abdomen includes the kidneys. 4. This is correct. The solid viscera of the abdomen includes the liver. 5. This is correct. The solid viscera of the abdomen includes the ovaries.

You auscultate the abdominal vasculature. What arteries will you auscultate for the presence of bruits? 1. Popliteal arteries 2. Renal arteries 3. Femoral arteries 4. Iliac arteries 5. Aorta

2, 3, 4, 5 1. This is incorrect. The popliteal arteries are located in the legs and are assessed as part of the peripheral vascular assessment. 2. This is correct. While auscultating abdominal vasculature, the renal arteries are assessed for bruits 3. This is correct. While auscultating abdominal vasculature, the femoral arteries are assessed for bruits. 4. This is correct. While auscultating abdominal vasculature, the iliac arteries are assessed for bruits. 5. This is correct. While auscultating abdominal vasculature, the aorta is assessed for bruits.

You are auscultating bowel sounds. How many clicks or gurgles per minute are considered normal bowel sounds? 1. 1 to 5 2. 5 to 34 3. 20 to 37 4. 29 to 50

2. 5 to 34 This is correct. 5 to 34 clicks or gurgles per minute is normal.

The patient is complaining of sharp lower right quadrant pain with nausea and vomiting that started 20 hours ago. She states that she is extremely uncomfortable and rates the pain a 10/10. You will perform an assessment for rebound tenderness at ____________________ point.

McBurney's Feedback: The appendix is a long, narrow, wormlike tube averaging between 1 and 9 inches in length. It is located in the right lower quadrant about 2 cm below the ileocecal valve at McBurney's point. It sometimes fills with digestive materials from the cecum and becomes infected, causing appendicitis.

A patient comes to the emergency room complaining that he has been vomiting for the past 24 hours with black vomitus/emesis. You know that black vomitus may indicate: 1. A biliary obstruction. 2. Blood acted on by gastric digestion. 3. Intestinal obstruction. 4. Gastritis or food poisoning.

2. Blood acted on by gastric digestion. 1. This is incorrect. Green-yellow bile is related to a biliary obstruction. 2. This is correct. Black vomitus contains blood acted on by gastric digestion. 3. This is incorrect. Coffee-ground vomitus may have blood mixed in with the vomitus. A fecal odor may indicate fecal material related to an intestinal obstruction. 4. This is incorrect. Digested or undigested food may be related to gastritis or food poisoning.

Patients who have diarrhea, laxative use, gastroenteritis, or early intestinal obstruction will have: 1. Normal bowel sounds. 2. Hyperactive bowel sounds. 3. Hypoactive bowel sounds. 4. Absent bowel sounds.

2. Hyperactive bowel sounds. 1. This is incorrect. Normal bowel sounds are known as borborygmus and are loud gurgling or rumbling sounds made by the movement of gas through the intestines. 2. This is correct. Hyperactive bowel sounds are loud, high-pitched sounds heard in patients with diarrhea, laxative use, gastroenteritis, and early intestinal obstruction. 3. This is incorrect. Hypoactive bowel sounds are slow, decreased sounds heard in patients with constipation, obstruction, and paralytic ileus. 4. This is incorrect. When bowel sounds are absent, no sounds are heard. This may indicate a paralytic ileus after surgery, bowel obstruction, and peritonitis.

During the history of present illness, the patient reports narrowing of stools or pencil-like stools. The nurse knows that this may indicate: 1. Constipation. 2. Intestinal obstruction. 3. Hemorrhoids. 4. Intestinal parasites.

2. Intestinal obstruction. 1. This is incorrect. Constipation is difficulty passing stools or a change in pattern in bowel movements. 2. This is correct. Narrowing of stools or pencil-like stools may indicate some type of intestinal obstruction. 3. This is incorrect. Hemorrhoids are a protrusion of veins in the rectal area. 4. This is incorrect. Intestinal parasites are organisms that may produce the symptom of diarrhea.

The double-layer membranous tissue containing blood vessels and nerves that supply the intestinal wall is the: 1. Peritoneum. 2. Mesentery. 3. Adrenals. 4. Viscera.

2. Mesentery. 1. This is incorrect. Peritoneum is an endothelial serous membrane lining covering the abdominal cavity and abdominal organs. 2. This is correct. Mesentery is a double-layer membranous tissue containing blood vessels and nerves that supply the intestinal wall. 3. This is incorrect. Adrenals are glands. This is incorrect. 4. Viscera are abdominal organs

You are assessing a patient who has chronic complaints of diarrhea alternating with periods of constipation. As a nurse, you know that the primary function of the large intestine is: 1. Propulsion of chyme. 2. Production of digestive enzymes. 3. Absorption of water and electrolytes. 4. Digestion and absorption of nutrients.

3. Absorption of water and electrolytes. 1. This is incorrect. The propulsion of chyme is not the key function of the large intestine. 2. This is incorrect. The stomach and pancreas produce digestive enzymes. 3. This is correct. The primary function of the large intestine is the absorption of water and electrolytes. 4. This is incorrect. The primary function of the small intestine is digestion and absorption of nutrients.

You are auscultating arterial sounds in the abdomen. Turbulent, blowing sounds heard over a partially or totally obstructed artery are called: 1. Friction rubs. 2. Venous hums. 3. Vascular sounds. 4. Bruits.

4. Bruits. 1. This is incorrect. Friction rub is a grating sound heard over inflamed organs with serous surfaces; most commonly heard in the right upper quadrant (liver) or left upper quadrant (spleen). 2. This is incorrect. Venous hum is a continuous medium-pitched sound caused by turbulent blood flow in a large vascular organ. 3. This is incorrect. Pattern of blood flow is the abdominal vasculature. 4. This is correct. Bruits are turbulent, blowing sounds heard over a partially or totally obstructed artery. Bruits are most commonly caused by a buildup of plaque in the artery

You are inspecting a patient's abdomen and suspect the patient may have a diastasis recti separation. To confirm your suspicion, you will ask the patient to: 1. Turn to either side. 2. Breathe deeply. 3. Lie supine. 4. Cough.

4. Cough. 1. This is incorrect. The bulge appears with intra-abdominal pressure and will not appear if the patient just turns to either side. Have the patient raise his or her head or cough. 2. This is incorrect. The bulge appears with intra-abdominal pressure and will not appear with just deep breathing. Have the patient raise his or her head or cough. 3. This is incorrect. The bulge will not always appear by just lying supine. Have the patient raise his or her head or cough. 4. This is correct. The bulge may appear only when the patient raises his or her head or coughs.

During the chief complaint, the patient reports blood and mucous in the stool. The nurse remembers that this is associated with: 1. Iron supplements. 2. Hepatitis. 3. Rectal bleeding. 4. Inflammatory bowel disorders.

4. Inflammatory bowel disorders. 1. This is incorrect. Dark, non-tarry stools are commonly seen in patients taking iron supplements. 2. This is incorrect. Gray stools or clay-colored stools are common with hepatitis. 3. This is incorrect. Bright red stools indicate gastrointestinal bleeding or rectal bleeding. 4. This is correct. Blood and mucous in stools are associated with inflammatory bowel disorders.

The nurse is performing an abdominal assessment and starts with inspecting the abdomen. The nurse notes a ripple-like movement over the abdomen and remembers that this may indicate a(n): 1. Hernia. 2. Ascites. 3. Diastasis recti. 4. Intestinal obstruction. 5. Aortic aneurysm.

4. Intestinal obstruction. 1. This is incorrect. Hernia is a bulge that may appear only when the patient raises the head or coughs. 2. This is incorrect. Ascites is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. 3. This is incorrect. Diastasis rect is a bulging area in the abdomen occurring with this separation of the two halves of the rectus abdomens muscles in the midline at the line alba. 3. This is correct. Increased peristaltic waves (ripple-like movement from left upper quadrant to right lower quadrant) are seen with intestinal obstruction. 4. This is incorrect. Pulsations are increased with the presence of aortic aneurysm.

The patient has a history of alcoholism with liver disease. The diagnostic test you would expect the health-care provider to order in relation to a liver that is compromised is ____________________ level.

Ammonia Feedback: Ammonia comes from two sources: removal of amino acids during protein metabolism and degradation of proteins by colon bacteria. The liver converts ammonia in the portal blood to urea, which is excreted by the kidneys. If the liver is severely compromised, especially in situations in which decreased hepatocellular function is combined with impaired portal blood flow, ammonia levels rise.

You are doing an assessment on a patient who has diabetes and chronic kidney disease. What tests may the health-care provider order to assess kidney function? Select all that apply. 1. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 2. Creatinine 3. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 4. Bladder scan

1, 2, 3 1. This is correct. BUN is a nonprotein nitrogen compound formed in the liver from ammonia as an end product of protein metabolism. The compound is excreted by the kidneys. It is a reflection of the amount of urea produced and excreted. This value may be used to evaluate liver and renal function. If the kidneys are not working properly, the BUN level rises. 2. This is correct. Creatinine is the end product of muscle metabolism. This chemical waste is transported through the bloodstream and out of the body through the kidneys. If the waste products are accumulating and are not excreted by the kidneys, the creatinine level rises. This level is a reliable indicator that the kidneys are functioning properly. 3. This is correct. GFR assesses kidney functioning. This test estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli of the kidneys in 1 minute and assesses whether a patient has renal disease, renal insufficiency, or renal failure. 4. This is incorrect. Bladder scan is a portable ultrasound instrument used to identify how much urine is in the bladder. The scan is most often used to measure post-void residual volume, which is urine retained in the bladder after voiding.

5. The spleen performs which of the following functions? Select all that apply. 1. Filters blood 2. Manufactures lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages 3. Stores erythrocytes and platelets 4. Produces white blood cells during bone marrow depression

1, 2, 3 1. This is correct. The spleen filters blood. 2. This is correct. The spleen manufactures lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. 3. This is correct. The spleen stores erythrocytes and platelets. 4. This is incorrect. The spleen does not produce white blood cells during bone marrow depression. The spleen produces erythrocytes during bone marrow depression.

The liver plays a key role in which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. Metabolizing carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and drugs 2. Producing bile 3. Detoxifying harmful chemicals 4. Producing vitamin B12

1, 2, 3 1. This is correct. The liver plays a key role in metabolizing carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and drugs. 2. This is correct. The liver plays a key role in producing bile. 3. This is correct. The liver plays a key role in detoxifying harmful chemicals. 4. This is incorrect. The liver does not produce vitamin B12 but produces clotting factors.

Screening for colorectal cancer can include which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. Sigmoidoscopy 2. Double-contrast barium enema 3. Stool DNA test 4. Yearly fecal occult blood test after age 50

1, 2, 3, 4 1. This is correct. The American Cancer Society (2015) recommends that beginning at age 50, both men and women follow one of these testing schedules. If flexible sigmoidoscopy is chosen, it should be done every 5 years. 2. This is correct. The American Cancer Society (2015) recommends that beginning at age 50, both men and women follow one of these testing schedules. If double-contrast barium enema is chosen, it should be done every 5 years. 3. This is correct. The American Cancer Society (2015) recommends that beginning at age 50, both men and women follow one of these testing schedules. If stool DNA testing is chosen, it should be done every 5 years. 4. This is correct. The American Cancer Society (2015) recommends that beginning at age 50, both men and women follow one of these testing schedules. Yearly fecal occult blood test may be started at age 50 if there is no history of colon cancer in the family.

Characteristics of bilirubin include which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. It is a by-product of red blood cell (RBC) catabolism. 2. It deposits yellow pigment in the skin and sclera at elevated levels. 3. A decrease is known as icterus. 4. It is produced by the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

1, 2, 4 1. This is correct. Bilirubin is a by-product of heme catabolism from aged RBCs. 2. This is correct. An increase in bilirubin levels deposits a yellow pigment in the skin and sclera. 3. This is incorrect. An increase, not decrease, in bilirubin is called jaundice or icterus. 4. This is correct. It is primarily produced in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

You are assessing a focused health history on a patient who is reporting excessive flatulence. The nurse will inquire about which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. Air swallowing with eating 2. Intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome 3. Ingestion of all meats and vegetables 4. Feeling of being bloated

1, 2, 4 1. This is correct. Flatulence and bloating can be influenced by how much air is swallowed. 2. This is correct. Flatulence and bloating can be influenced by some intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. 3. This is incorrect. Ingestion of all meats and vegetables is too general. Common foods that cause gas include beans, peas, lentils, cabbage, onions, high-fiber cereals, bananas, raisins, apricots, and milk products. 4. This is correct. Patients with excessive flatulence may feel bloated.

The patient reports that he has not had a bowel movement in several days. You auscultate the abdomen for bowel sounds. What characteristics are you assessing? Select all that apply. 1. Quality 2. Frequency 3. Amplitude 4. Absence of bowel sounds

1, 2, 4 1. This is correct. Assess the quality of the bowel sounds: loud or soft. 2. This is correct. Assess the frequency of bowel sounds: 5 to 34 clicks per minute is normal. 3. This is incorrect. You do not assess amplitude; pulses are assessed for amplitude. 4. This is correct. Assess for the absence of bowel sounds.

Characteristics of fecal occult blood (FOB) include which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. It can originate from any part of the digestive tract. 2. It is not observed by the patient. 3. The test for it is an invasive test. 4. The test for it is done twice a year on adults. 5. It may be a warning sign of colorectal cancer.

1, 2, 5 1. This is correct. FOB may come from any part of the digestive tract. 2. This is correct. FOB is not seen by the patient. 3. This is incorrect. The FOB test is not an invasive test. 4. This is incorrect. The FOB test is done annually on adults, not twice a year. 5. This is correct. FOB could be the first warning sign of colorectal cancer.

When palpating the bladder, the nurse knows that which of the following is true? Select all that apply. 1. An empty bladder is not palpable. 2. A partially filled bladder will feel firm and hard like a tennis ball. 3. A distended bladder will extend as far up as the umbilicus. 4. Tenderness or pain during palpation may indicate bladder infection.

1, 3, 4 1. This is correct. An empty bladder is not palpable. 2. This is incorrect. A partially filled bladder will feel firm and smooth, not hard. 3. This is correct. A distended bladder will extend as far up as the umbilicus. 4. This is correct. Tenderness or pain during palpation may indicate bladder infection.

An examination that uses a flexible fiberoptic scope to visualize the mucosa of the lower third of the large intestine is called a: 1. Colonoscopy. 2. Sigmoidoscopy. 3. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. 4. Barium enema.

2. Sigmoidoscopy. 1. This is incorrect. Colonoscopy uses a flexible tube with a camera to inspect the inner lining of the mucosa of the large intestine, ileocecal valve, and terminal ileum for abnormalities. This procedure allows for tissue samples to be biopsied and polyps (abnormal growths) to be removed. 2. This is correct. Sigmoidoscopy uses a flexible fiberoptic scope to visualize the mucosa of the lower third of the large intestine. This noninvasive procedure is able to screen for colon cancer and polyps (abnormal growths) in the rectum and sigmoid colon. 3. This is incorrect. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is also known as an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. A lighted, flexible scope or video scope is inserted through the patient's mouth and is passed through the esophagus and stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine. The procedure is done to assess the mucosa of the upper GI tract, to remove foreign bodies or polyps, and to aid in diagnosis of symptoms. 4. This is incorrect. Barium enema is a radiological examination and fluoroscopy with air or barium contrast. A rectal tube is inserted into the rectum to instill the barium. The patient holds the barium while a series of x-rays are taken. This test is useful to identify several different pathologies such as diverticula, tumors, polyps, rectal bleeding, or complaints of abdominal pain.

You are assessing a patient who is complaining of "feeling bloated and short of breath." The patient is lying in the supine position. Your assessment findings are: inspection: skin is shiny and taut, protuberant abdomen with spider veins noted at the umbilical area; auscultation: hypoactive low-pitched bowel sounds, 10 clicks per minute; abdominal vasculature, no bruits; percussion: tympany at hypogastric and umbilical area; dull sounds on lateral dependent quadrants; palpation: firm, nontender, unable to palpate organs. What assessment should you perform next? 1. Cardiac assessment 2. Testing for fluid waves 3. Respiratory assessment 4. Edema of the extremities

2. Testing for fluid waves 1. This is incorrect. You are performing an abdominal assessment and have abnormal findings. A cardiac assessment should not be performed next. 2. This is correct. The findings reveal a protuberant abdomen with percussion sounds indicative of ascites. You should test for ascites by doing a test for fluid waves. 3. This is incorrect. The patient's abdomen is distended with abnormal percussion sounds. The patient needs to be assessed for fluid waves, not a respiratory assessment. 4. This is incorrect. Assessing the peripheral extremities is not the next assessment because there are abnormal abdominal assessment findings. An advanced assessment for ascites should be performed.

A nurse should be able to mentally visualize the organs in the abdomen for abdominal mapping. In assessing the abdomen, the nurse knows organs in the midline are the: 1. Gallbladder, liver, and duodenum. 2. Stomach, spleen, and pancreas. 3. Aorta, uterus, and bladder. 4. Appendix, ascending colon, and ovary. 5. Descending colon, ureter, and spermatic cord.

3. Aorta, uterus, and bladder. 1. This is incorrect. The right upper quadrant contains the duodenum of the small intestine, gallbladder, liver, head of the pancreas, right kidney, right adrenal gland, hepatic flexure of the colon, and part of the ascending and transverse colon. 2. This is incorrect. The left upper quadrant contains the left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen, body of the pancreas, left kidney, left adrenal, splenic flexure of the colon, and part of the transverse and descending colon. 3. This is correct. The midline contains the aorta, uterus, and bladder. 4. This is incorrect. The right lower quadrant contains the cecum, appendix, part of the ascending colon, right ovary and tube, right ureter, and right spermatic cord. 5. This is incorrect. The left lower quadrant contains part of the descending colon, sigmoid colon, left ovary and tube, left ureter, and left spermatic cord.

A patient reports that he has been severely vomiting for the last 24 hours. He states that the vomiting is very strong and he describes it as projectile. Projectile vomiting without nausea is a sign of: 1. Food poisoning. 2. Intestinal obstruction. 3. Brain pathology or head trauma. 4. Gastric hemorrhage.

3. Brain pathology or head trauma. 1. This is incorrect. Projectile vomiting is not a sign of food poisoning. 2. This is incorrect. Projectile vomiting without nausea is a not a sign of intestinal obstruction. Vomiting of fecal material is a sign of intestinal obstruction. 3. This is correct. Projectile vomiting without nausea is a sign of central stimulation of the medulla and could be a sign of brain pathology or head trauma. 4. This is incorrect. Projectile vomiting without nausea is a not a sign of gastric hemorrhage, as blood would be visible in the vomitus.

A vague feeling of fullness and chest discomfort, indigestion, or burning in the chest or upper abdomen, especially after eating is called: 1. Pyrosis. 2. Hematemesis. 3. Dyspepsia. 4. Gastroesophageal reflux.

3. Dyspepsia. 1. This is incorrect. Pyrosis is indigestion/heartburn usually described as a "burning sensation" in the epigastric area radiating up to the throat. 2. This is incorrect. Hematemesis is vomiting of blood related to gastrointestinal bleeding. 3. This is correct. Dyspepsia is a term that is used to describe a vague feeling of fullness and chest discomfort, indigestion, or burning in the chest or upper abdomen, especially after eating. 4. This is incorrect. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a motility disorder characterized by heartburn and reflux of gastric content into the lower esophagus.

Lactose intolerance in adulthood is most prevalent in: 1. African Americans 2. Hispanics 3. East Asians 4. Scandinavians

3. East Asians 1. This is incorrect. Lactose intolerance in adulthood is most prevalent in people of East Asian descent, affecting more than 90% of adults in some of these communities. 2. This is incorrect. Lactose intolerance in adulthood is most prevalent in people of East Asian descent, affecting more than 90% of adults in some of these communities. 3. This is correct. Lactose intolerance in adulthood is most prevalent in people of East Asian descent, affecting more than 90% of adults in some of these communities. 4. This is incorrect. Lactose intolerance in adulthood is most prevalent in people of East Asian descent, affecting more than 90% of adults in some of these communities.

You are a nurse assessing a patient with a pancreatic disorder. You know that the pancreas produces: 1. Bile and hydrochloric acid. 2. Hydrochloric acid and creatinine. 3. Insulin, amylase, and lipase. 4. Ammonia and amylase only.

3. Insulin, amylase, and lipase. 1. This is incorrect. The liver produces bile. 2. This is incorrect. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid and kidneys produce creatine. 3. This is correct. The pancreas produces insulin and the pancreatic enzymes of amylase and lipase. 4. This is incorrect. Ammonia comes from two sources: removal of amino acids during protein metabolism and degradation of proteins by colon bacteria. Amylase is a pancreatic enzyme.

The endothelial serous membrane that covers the walls of the abdominal cavity is the: 1. Abdominal peritoneum. 2. Peritoneal cavity. 3. Parietal peritoneum. 4. Visceral peritoneum.

3. Parietal peritoneum. 1. This is incorrect. Abdominal peritoneum pertains to both parietal and visceral peritoneum. 2. This is incorrect. Peritoneal cavity is the space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum. 3. This is correct. Parietal peritoneum covers the walls of the abdominal cavity. 4. This is incorrect. Visceral peritoneum covers the organs.

You are inspecting the abdomen. Where will you stand to do a full inspection of the abdomen? 1. Stand at the head of the examining table and at the patient's feet. 2. Stoop down on the left and right sides of the patient. 3. Stoop down at the patient's side and stand at the patient's feet. 4. Stoop down at the patient's head and stand at the patient's feet.

3. Stoop down at the patient's side and stand at the patient's feet. 1. This is incorrect. Inspection of the abdomen is not done standing at the head of the examining table. Inspection is done stooping at the patients side and standing at the patients feet. 2. This is incorrect. Inspection of the abdomen is not done stooping down on the right and left side; it is done on one side and standing at the patient's feet. 3. This is correct. Inspection of the abdomen should be done in two positions: at the patient's side and standing at the patient's feet. 4. This is incorrect. Inspection of the abdomen is not done stooping down at the patient's head but stooping down at the patient's side and standing at the patient's feet.