ASTRO

You're stranded on a desert island. You locate the pole star Polaris. It is 17 degrees above the northern horizon. What is your latitude on Earth?

17 degrees north

Polaris is in the top ______ brightest stars in the night sky.

50

How far do you have to place a dime from your face such that it appears to be the same size as the full moon?

7 feet

Which of these textbooks are required?

Both books are required

The waning gibbous occur between the full moon and third quarter phases. Which of the times listed are possible setting times for a waning gibbous?

7:00 am

What time is it when the moon phase shown begins to rise above the horizon?

9:00 pm

The scientific name for the current North Star is

Alpha Ursa Minoris

What is a scientific theory?

An idea that explains many things that have been seen before, and has never failed

How much change in Earth's temperature is due to its change in distance from the Sun?

Approximately 4 degrees Celsius

For an observer in the continental United States, which of the x's in the figure below correctly shows the position of the sun's shadow at noon? Note that the position of the sun's shadow at noon on the winter and summer solstices are labeled. https://moodle2017.coastal.edu/pluginfile.php/187398/question/questiontext/231809/2/585162/SunShadowXs.jpg

B

The figure shows the position of the Sun as it rises along the eastern horizon one day and again a few days later. What season is it? https://moodle2017.coastal.edu/pluginfile.php/187398/question/questiontext/231809/6/585182/Screen%20Shot%202014-02-03%20at%2012.13.23%20PM.png

Winter

For someone in the northern hemisphere, it's the day of the year when the Sun is lowest in the southern sky at noon.

Winter solstice

Was it possible for the geocentric system of Ptolemy to explain the observed retrograde motion of the planets?

Yes, through a system of epicycles and deferents

Mellinarks are defined as creatures with

a single interior dot with a shaded interior and a curly tail.

On a clear night, Polaris is visible to

anyone north of the equator.

because constellations

are made of distant stars

The stars that make up a constellation

are physically unassociated with one another because the distances to the stars that make up a constellation vary greatly.

Ptolemy's model for planetary motion predicts that during retrograde motion a planet will appear

at its brightest because during retrograde motion the planet is closet to Earth

The Sun ______ be permanently attached to the celestial sphere

cannot because the Sun moves along the ecliptic throughout the year.

For someone standing in the southern hemisphere they observe stars moving ______ about the south celestial pole.

clockwise

A star is considered rising when it is

crossing the horizon, coming into view.

Stars rise toward the

east because Earth is rotating in the eastwardly direction.

The North Star can be found by

extending a line connecting the end stars of the Big Dipper's bowl until that line comes to a semi-bright star in the night sky.

A lunar eclipse is only possible when the Moon is

full because the Moon must pass through Earth's shadow.

If it's the summer solstice for people living in the northern hemisphere, then for someone standing on the equator the noontime sun is located

in the northern sky because the Sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer.

The image shown here https://moodle2017.coastal.edu/pluginfile.php/187398/question/questiontext/238887/6/585323/MoonPhaseProblem.jpg

is not possible because a waning gibbous moon cannot be above the horizon at that time.

The Moon appears larger when it's near the horizon, as compared to when it's high in the sky, because

it's a psychological effect rooted in the brain's natural interpretation of distances and sizes.

To map out the ecliptic someone should

mark the Sun's location on the celestial sphere at the same time every day.

If you're standing in the northern hemisphere and you look to the North Star, over the course of many hours the rest of the stars

move counter-clockwise around the North Star.

A planet moving in retrograde motion will, over the course of one night, appear to move

move east to west.

If today the Sun is in the zodiac constellation of Aries, this means Aries is highest in the sky at

noon.

For someone in Myrtle Beach, the rising location along the horizon for a star that will eventually pass through the zenith is

north of east.

To have the greatest number of stars above the horizon in the course of one day, a person should hang out

on the equator.

Epicycles are the circular loops that _____________ make(s) during an orbit about _______________

planets other than Earth

Astrology is labeled as a

pseudoscience because it fails to use all the steps of the scientific process.

You go out tonight and see the brightest star in the constellation Orion just rising above your eastern horizon at 10 PM. One week later at 10 PM this same star will be

slightly higher in the sky.

Earth has three major motions:

spin, orbit, and precession;

For a person standing at position D in the figure below it is https://moodle2017.coastal.edu/pluginfile.php/187398/question/questiontext/227421/2/585546/TiltedEarth.jpeg

summer because position D is in the hemisphere that is tilted toward the Sun.

Cosmology is the study of

the origin and evolution of the Universe

The zodiac is

the set of constellations that the Sun travels through during the course of a year.

Stars in the northern hemisphere rise in the east and set in the west. For someone in the southern hemisphere

the situation is the same—stars also rise in the east and set in the west

The effectiveness of horoscopes is largely based on

the vagueness in which horoscopes are written so they apply to many individuals.

If it's the first day of summer for the southern hemisphere, then for someone living in Barrow, Alaska (which is north of the Arctic Circle)

they will not see the Sun at all that day.

As the Moon becomes more fully illuminated from one night to the next as viewed from Earth, it is said to be

waxing

If lunar phases were caused by the Moon passing through Earth's shadow, then a new moon should occur

when the Moon is on the far side of the Earth from the Sun.

Moon Phases

New (also called the Dark Moon) - not visible. Waxing Crescent. First Quarter - commonly called a "half moon" Waxing Gibbous. Full - we can see the entire illuminated portion of the moon. Waning Gibbous. Third Quarter - another "half moon", but the illuminated part is opposite of the First Quarter.

What method or process do scientists use when they are doing science?

Observing the world; looking for patterns that can be clues to underlying laws Suggesting a hypothesis that explains what has been seen already and predicts something not yet seen Making testable predictions Doing an experiment or collecting data to test the hypothesis

Stars rise ______ each successive night

earlier because in addition to spinning, Earth also moves in its orbit about the Sun.

One day a child is born and on that day the Sun is in the constellation Aquarius. Based on the figure what is the child's astrological sign?

Pisces

What are the consequences of Earth's tilt?

Polar Latitudes Tropic Latitudes Earth's Precession Equinoxes & Solstices Variations in the Number of Daylight Hours Seasons Variations in the Concentration of Sunlight Sun's Path Across the Sky

What is pseudoscience?

Something that looks like science but isn't Something that often uses scientific words but not the method of science Something that may want the respectability of science but does not actually use the methods of science Something that usually doesn't really work, or doesn't work the way claimed

If you were standing at the North Pole on the vernal equinox, where is the sun located at midnight from your point of view?

Somewhere on the horizon

What is the farthest an artificial object has reached?

The edge of the Solar System

If you're standing at Earth's North Pole, which of the following will be directly overhead?

The north celestial pole

Ptolemy's model also predicted that the distances to the plants would change as they orbited Earth. When a planet was in retrograde motion, what did Ptolemy's model predict about the distance to the planet?

The planet was at its minimum distance from Earth

What physical property of the earth gives rise to the seasons?

The tilt of its rotation axis to the plane of its orbit

About how many times does the celestial sphere rotate in the time it takes the Sun to move between adjacent constellations along the ecliptic?

Thirty

How far would you have to move before the constellations would appear to change shape?

To the nearest stars

You're looking toward the north and see the Big Dipper to the right of Polaris (the North Star). Fifteen minutes later, the Big Dipper will appear to have moved in roughly what direction?

Up (away from the horizon)

When Star A is just above the eastern horizon, in what direction is Star A moving?

Up and to the south

A friend comments to you that there was a beautiful, thin sliver of Moon visible in the early morning just before sunrise. Which phase of the Moon would this be, and in what direction would you look to see the Moon?

Waning crescent near the eastern horizon

Which phase of the Moon rises at 9:00 am?

Waxing crescent

Which of the following best describes why the Moon goes through phases?

We see only part of the lit-up half of the Moon depending on its position relative to Earth and the Sun

Imagine that the earth's orbit were changed to be a perfect circle around the sun so that the distance to the sun never changed. How would this affect the seasons?

We would continue to experience seasons in essentially the same way we do now

One evening at midnight, you observe Leo high in the southern sky. Virgo is to the east and Cancer is to the west. One month earlier, which of these constellations was high in the southern sky at midnight?

Cancer

What are constellations?

Configurations of bright stars patterned by humans

Which curve accurately represents the sun's annual change in its noontime altitude for an observer in Myrtle Beach? https://moodle2017.coastal.edu/pluginfile.php/187398/question/questiontext/231809/7/585183/Screen%20Shot%202014-02-03%20at%2012.14.20%20PM.png

D

For someone living in the southern hemisphere the summer solstice occurs in

December.

In what direction would the person shown in the figure have to look to see Star B when it is highest in the sky? https://moodle2017.coastal.edu/pluginfile.php/187398/question/questiontext/205868/2/584914/CelestialSphereWithStarTrails.jpg

Directly overhead

Which of the following describes one reason that the northern and the southern hemispheres have different seasons at the same time?

During a day of the year when the sun is high in the sky in the northern hemisphere it will be low in the sky in the southern hemisphere

the situation is the same—stars also rise in the east and set in the west because

Earth rotates as a solid object.

What is your grade in this class as of the first day of semester

F

Why is the Moon often associated with the night?

For the phases of the Moon visible at night most of the bright side of the Moon faces toward Earth The phases of the Moon visible during the day tend to be dimly lit crescent phases The large contrast of the bright Moon against the dark nighttime sky make it more visually prevalent at night

According to astrology.com what is the basic force behind astrology?

Gravity

Assuming the red star shown in the figure lies along Star A's path, where would the observer look to see the red star? https://moodle2017.coastal.edu/pluginfile.php/187398/question/questiontext/205868/6/584925/RedStar.jpg

High in the southeast

In Myrtle Beach you observe a star rising due east. When this star reaches its highest position above the horizon, where will it be?

High in the southern sky

You observe a star rising due east. When this star reaches its highest position above the horizon, where will it be?

High in the southern sky

According to the figure where on Earth is the person standing? https://moodle2017.coastal.edu/pluginfile.php/187398/question/questiontext/205868/1/584916/Figure_01_01%20%281%29.jpg

In the northern hemisphere, but not at the North Pole

If it is summer time right now, how does the altitude of the noontime sun change (if at all) as winter approaches?

It decreases

If the Sun's motion along the ecliptic were reversed, how would its daily motion appear?

It would continue to rise in the east and set in the west

Which of the following is arranged from the closest to the farthest in distance from Earth?

Moon, Sun, Center of Milky Way, Nearest Galaxy

Why is the name "equinox" appropriately used to reference the vernal and autumnal equinoxes?

On the equinoxes there are approximately equal number of daylight and nighttime hours

How often is the sun directly over the earth's equator?

Once every six months

What is the thirteenth zodiac sign?

Ophiuchus