Astronomy 1142 Quiz 1

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By detailed study of an object's electromagnetic radiation, we may learn about

(All of the other answers are correct) -its velocity towards us or away from us -the chemical composition of its surface -its temperature

If the force of the Sun's gravity were suddenly turned off

The earth would continue to move, but in a straight line

What "shifts" when we have a Doppler shift?

Wavelength

How do you express the numbers 0.17 and 542 respectively using scientific notation?

1.7 X 10^-1; 5.42 X 10^2

A jar has a sample of a material with 1000 atoms. After one half-life, how many unstable atoms are left, on the average?

500 atoms

A person with a mass of 60kg goes to the moon. There he will have a mass of

60kg

The dark lines on the solar spectrum are known as ___ lines

Absorption

When a cool gas cloud is placed between an observer and a source of light which emits light of all wavelengths, the observer would see

An absorption spectrum characteristic of the gas cloud

In an atom, energy is emitted or absorbed in a spectral line when

An electron changes its orbit

The star Betelgeuse is red; the star Rigel is blue. What causes this difference in color?

Betelgeuse is cooler than Rigel

Newton deduced from the law of gravitation that the shape of an orbit is ___ with the ___ at one focus

Conic section, center of mass

According to Newton's first law of motion, an object which has no force acting on it will have a

Constant velocity

What is the main cause of tides on Earth

Differential gravitational pull of the Moon on the Earth

The most damaging blow to proponents of the Earth-centered Universe was dealt by Galileo's

Discoveries of the phases of Venus and Moons of Jupiter

A spectrum of an astronomical object can be used to identify the atoms present in that object since

Each kind of atom has its own pattern of energy levels

What keeps electrons and protons in an atom bound together?

Electromagnetic forces

Light is

Electromagnetic radiation

Kepler's first Law of Planetary Motion states that a planet will orbit on an ___ with the Sun located at ___.

Ellipse, One focus

If a glowing blackbody gets even hotter, then it

Emits more light at all wavelengths

The first person known to have looked at the heavens through a telescope was

Galileo

As a hot solid cools, Wein's Law says that the apparent color of the radiation it emits should

Get steadily redder

The most abundant elements in the Universe are

Hydrogen and Helium

The process of removing an electron from an atom is called

Ionization

The luminosity of a star

Is the rate at which it radiates energy

Atoms which differ in the number of neutrons present in their nucleus but have an identical number of protons present are known as

Isotopes

How does the apparent brightness of a light source depend on its distance from you?

It varies as the inverse square of the distance.

Newton's second Law of Motion showed that the acceleration of a body depends on

It's mass and the force on it

Kepler's third law states that the square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to

Its orbital semimajor axis cubed

The Doppler shift in a star's spectrum gives us

Its radial velocity

The man who was able to explain the reason for Kepler's laws was

Newton

"For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction" is a statement of

Newton's third law of motion

From Earth, planet A subtends an angle of 5 arcseconds, and plane B subtends an angle of 10 arcseconds. If the radius of planet A equals the radius of planet B,

Planet A is twice as far as planet B

What statement is a consequence of the law of equal areas in equal times?

Planets move slower when farther from the Sun

Which two particles can be found in an atomic nucleus?

Proton and Neutron

Kepler's main contribution to astronomy was

Showing that planets on ellipses around the Sun

If the average speed f the atoms and molecules of gas in a box increases, then the

Temperature increases

The speeding up of the spinning of a figure skater when he moves his arms from an outstretched position to close beside his body illustrates

The conservation of angular momentum

The force of gravity between two objects varies directly with ___ and inversely as ___.

The masses, the square of the distance

If we measure the wavelengths of emission lines and absorption lines from the same gas, we find that (ignoring any Doppler shifts)

The wavelengths are the same.

Galileo demonstrated that when a heavy and a light body are dropped at the same instant, and the objects are such that the effect of air resistance on each object is equal,

They fall exactly at the same rate


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