astronomy midterm
A 65 kg person walking pushes on the Earth with a force of 10 N. Recall that the Earth has a mass of 6x1024 kg. What is the acceleration the person experiences?
0.15 m/s2
What is (1.6x10^7) x (7.2x10^6) = in scientific notation?
1.152x10^14
How long does it take a message traveling at the speed of light to reach the moon when sent from Earth?
1.26 seconds
A 65 kg person walking pushes on the Earth with a force of 10 N. Recall that the Earth has a mass of 6x1024 kg. What is the acceleration the Earth experiences?
1.7x10-24 m/s2
If you experienced high tide at 9am today. What time would you expect high tide to be tomorrow?
10am
What is the name of the moon phase shown above as viewed from the northern hemisphere?
1st Quarter
How many low tides does a location on Earth experience in 24 hours if you start timing during a high tide?
2
What is (5.1x10^12) + (2.3x10^13) = in scientific notation?
2.81x10^13
What is the force acting on a 4 kg object if the object is accelerating at 5 m/s2?
20N
A scientists mass on Earth is 60 kg. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s2. The acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.7 m/s2. What is the scientists weight on Mars?
222N
Which of the values is a correctly stated velocity?
3 m/s east
How long does it take for a message traveling at the speed of light to reach Mars from Earth when Mars is at its closest distance to Earth?
3 minutes
Using the light times given in the lecture slide video's how long does it take the light refelcted from Jupiter to reach the Earth?
35 minutes
Neptune is now considered to be the farthest planet from the sun. How long does it take light from the sun to reach Neptune?
4 hours
What is the acceleration of an 8 kg object experiencing a force of 32 N?
4 m/s2
What is (2.5x10^6) / (4.8x10^3) = in scientific notation?
5.2x10^2
Venus has a mass of 4.9x1024 kg and a radius of 6x106meters. Recall the Graviational constant is 6.67x10-11 N m2/kg2. What would the force of gravity of a 55kg person be on the surface of Venus?
500N
A scientists mass on Earth is 60 kg. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s2. The acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.7 m/s2. What is the scientists weight on Earth?
588N
A scientists mass on Earth is 60 kg. The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s2. The acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.7 m/s2. What is the scientists mass on Mars?
60kg
What is 7.14 x10^6 in standard form?
7,140,000
What is 730 in scientific notation?
7.3x10^2
The Kuiper belt where pluto reside is about 6 light hours from the sun. One way to state the size of our solar system is the diameter of the solar system out to the Kuiper belt.How large is the diameter of the solar system in miles using the radius of 6 light hours?Recall that diameter is two times the radius.Use the conversion factor from the lecture slides for light hours to miles.
8 billion miles
What is the mass of an object if it accelerates at 5 m/s2 when a force of 40 N is applied to it?
8kg
In any given year are you more likely to see a solar eclipse or a lunar eclipse?
A lunar eclipse
Given it takes 29.5 days to go from one full moon to the next full moon, how long does it take to get from the full moon to the new moon?
About 2 weeks
Approximately how often do solar eclipses happen each year?
About twice a year
What type of spectrum would be observed if the white light from a star passed through a gas before reaching our detectors?
Absorption spectra
Approximately when does the 3rd Quarter moon rise?
Around midnight
Approximately when does the New Moon rise?
Around sunrise
Approximately when does the Full Moon rise?
Around sunset
When would you apply the principle of Occam's Razor?
At the end of the scientific method, one both hypothesis have been confirmed valid.
What color would you expect a 12,000 K star to appear?
Blue
What type of spectrum would be created if a gas was heated to a high enough temperature that the motion of the particles created electromagnetic waves in all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Continuous spectrum
Which are the two scientific principles most used in Astronomy?
Cosmological Principle Occam's Razor
What is the relationship between acceleration and force?
Direct, if force increases acceleration increases
Which statement about electrons is NOT true?
Electrons in an atom can have any amount of energy.
Which type of spectrum would be observed if a gas was given enough thermal energy to excite the electrons to a higher energy state and then the electrons dropped back to lower energy levels?
Emission spectra
What is the upper limit on velocity for a bound orbit?
Escape velocity, anything larger is unbound
Which equation is associated with Newtons second law?
F=ma
Which statement best describes how the images of celestial objects you see in the media are created?
Filters are used to collect samples of the light from the object in certain wavelengths and then a composite image is created that generally does not exactly match what you would see with the human eye.
Which is a correct statement of Newton's third law?
For every force there is a force with equal magnitude and opposite in direction.
When viewing the moon from above the north pole, how much of the moon appears illuminated at any point in its orbit?
Half of the moon
Which prediction is the most accurate based on your knowledge of solar and lunar eclipses?
If a lunar eclipse occurs a solar eclipse either occured 2 weeks ago or will occur in about 2 weeks
What is the relationship of the force between two objects and the distance betweeen the objects?
Inverse Square, if distance decreases the force increases exponentially
If the Earth rotated at half its current speed, what would happen to the tides of Earth?
It would take longer to reach the next tide
Which option would NOT decrease your weight as measured by a scale?
Moving to the north pole
During what phase of the moon can a solar eclipse occur?
New moon
Which of Newton's laws is also called the law of inertia?
Newtons 1st law
Where is the force of gravity from the moon the strongest on Earth?
On the side of the Earth closest to the moon
Which subatomic parts of an atom are found in the nucleus of the atom?
Proton Neutron
What color would you expect a 2,000 K star to appear?
Red
How would you write the number 5 million in scientific notation?
Scientific notation: 5x10^6
What is the unique pattern seen in either an emission spectrum or absorption spectrum for a specifc element called?
Spectral fingerprint
How would you write the number 5 million in standard form?
Standard form: 5,000,000
Which statement best represents a good scientific hypothesis?
The Moon's orbit of the Earth is determined by the gravitational force
Which statement is an example of a scientific law?
The acceleration on an object with a mass, m, experiencing a force, F, is given by a=F/m
Which best describes the distance you should use when measuring the force of gravity between a person and the planet they are standing on the surface of?
The distance from the center of mass of the person to the center of the planet
See the previous question for a reminder of the equation. How does the force of gravity in a system with a star 4 times the mass of the sun, a planet 3 times the mass of the Earth and a distance between them 6 times the distance between the Earth and Sun (6AU), compare to the Earth-Sun system?
The force is 1/3 of the Earth-Sun system
See the previous question for a reminder of the equation. How does the force of gravity in a system with a star 8 times the mass of the sun, a planet 2 times the mass of the Earth and a distance between them 4 times the distance between the Earth and Sun (4AU), compare to the Earth-Sun system?
The force is the same as the Earth-Sun system
What direction does the force of gravity point?
The force of gravity always points towards the other mass that is providing the force.
Looking at the equation for Universal gravity from the lecture slides. What would happen to the Force if you doubled r ?
The force would be 1/4 of what it was
Looking at the equation for Universal gravity from the lecture slides. What would happen to the Force if you doubled m1 ?
The force would double
Which statement best describes the effect on the frequency of light that has been blueshifted?
The frequency increases
Which statement is TRUE about light that has been redshifted?
The light can appear any color depending on the original color and the relative motion
Which best describes a useful scientific fact?
The mass of a book measured to be 3 kg.
Which best describes the alignment of the Earth, Sun and Moon during a solar eclipse?
The moon is between the Earth and the Sun
Which best describes a lunar eclipse?
The moon is inside the Earths shadow
Which statement best describes thermal energy?
The motion of the particles that make up an object.
Which statement best describes the path of totality during a solar eclipse?
The part of the Earth that falls inside the umbra of the moons shadow
Which statement is the most accurate about the orbit of planets and the Sun?
The planet and Sun orbit a point between the center of the planet and the center of the Sun
When does the scientific process end?
The process never ends, new technology allows for new experiments to continue to test scientific theories.
Recall the Universal Force of gravity is expressed as Fg=Gm1m2r2 . We often use the Earth-Sun system as a reference and use the mass of Earth as the unit for m1, the mass of the Sun as the unit for m2 and the distance between the Earth and the Sun (an astronomical unit, AU) as the unit for r. How does the force of gravity in a system with a star twice the mass of the sun, a planet 4 times the mass of the Earth and a distance between them twice the distance between the Earth and Sun (2AU), compare to the Earth-Sun system?
The system has twice the gravitational force
What is the lower limit of velocity for a bound orbit?
The velocity for a circular orbit, anything less crashes into the surface
What is happening to a wavelength that is blueshifted?
The wave peaks are closer together than normal due to the relative motion
Which statement does NOT describe a scientific theory?
There can be multiple scientific theories explaining the same phenomena
Which best explains why an astronaut feels 'weightless' while orbiting in a spacestation?
They are free falling but traveling fast enough perpendcular to the acceleration due to gravity to never strike the Earth
What property do a bowling ball and a feather have in common?
They both experience the same acceleration due to gravity.
If the mass of the moon was doubled, what affect would it have on the tides of Earth?
Tides would be stronger
How long would it take the message to reach Mars in minutes?
Time in minutes: 22 minutes
Mars is about 4x1011 meters from Earth when it is farthest from Earth. Remember that light travels at a speed of 3x108 meters per second. How long in seconds would it take a message to reach Mars from Earth when Mars is at its farthest distance?
Time in seconds: 1,333 seconds
Which of these statemetns does NOT describe a change in velocity?
Traveling north at a constant speed of 60 mph
How many bulges of water are present on the Earth at any given time in the simple model of the tides?
Two bulges, one close to the moon and one on the opposite side of the Earth as the moon.
What is the name of the moon phase shown above as viewed from the northern hemisphere?
Waning gibbous
What is the name of the moon phase shown above as viewed from the northern hemisphere?
Waxing crescent
Is it possible to view the orbits of satellites from the surface of Earth?
Yes, one can watch the space station or satellites like starlink pass by at night
What is the name of the force that points towards the center of an objects orbit?
centripetal force
What direction does the moon orbit the Earth when viewed from above the north pole?
counterclockwise
Match the part of the atom with the property of the atom it determines. element- isotope- charge-
element-proton isotope-nuetron charge-electron
During what phase of the moon can a lunar eclipse occur?
full moon
Knowing the force of gravity on a person near the surface of the Earth is Fg = mg and Fg=GmMEr2where ME is the mass of the Earth, m is the mass of the person and r is the distance between their ceners of mass. What is GMEr2 =?
g. the acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the Earth
Match the unit with the variable in the table below.
m (mass)-kg v (velocity)-m/s a (acceleration)-m/s^2 F (force)-N
Which best describes a generic absorption spectra?
rainbow colored band with dark lines
What color would you expect a 7,000 K star to appear?
white
