AT Chapter 27

Match the rib numbers (in the left column) with their names (in the right column).

-1 through 7 - True ribs -8,9, and 10 - False ribs -11 and 12 - Floating ribs

Identify the sounds listened to through auscultation. (Check all that apply.)

-Bowel sounds -Breathing sounds

Identify the hormones secreted by the adrenal glands. (Check all that apply.)

-Cortisol -Estrogen

Identify the causes of constipation. (Check all that apply.)

-Overuse of laxatives and enemas -Lack of peristalsis

Identify the organs of the urinary system. (Check all that apply.)

-The kidneys -The ureters

Match the parts of hernias that occur in the groin region (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).

-The neck - It is the opening in the abdominal wall. -The hernia sac - It is formed by the protrusion of the peritoneum through the opening in the abdominal wall.

There are _____ pairs of both external intercostal muscles and internal intercostal muscles between the ribs.

11

Slipping rib syndrome involves ribs _____.

8, 9, and 10

Identify a true statement about slipping rib syndrome.

A positive test of slipping rib syndrome produces a click.

_____ occurs when the pleural sac on one side fills with air and displaces the lung and the heart toward the opposite side, which compresses the opposite lung.

A tension pneumothorax

_____ nipples occur as a result of a combination of cold and the evaporation of sweat, which causes the nipples to become painful.

Bicyclist's

_____ is a progressive disease of the liver that results in diffuse scarring and fibrosis and disruption of hepatic blood flow, which can eventually result in liver failure.

Cirrhosis

_____ is the failure of the bowels to evacuate feces.

Constipation

_____ is an inflammation or infection of the urinary bladder.

Cystitis

True or false: A costochondral separation or dislocation has a lower incidence than do fractures.

False

True or false: Epididymis is an excess fluid accumulation caused by a severe blow to the testicular region.

False

True or false: Organs in the abdominal cavity are not part of the urinary system.

False

True or false: The thymus is located in the thorax just posterior to and below the heart.

False

_____ can occur as a result of a hiatal hernia.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

_____ occurs when there is a backward flow of the acidic gastric contents into the esophagus, usually due to a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

_____ is the presence of blood within the pleural cavity.

Hemothorax

_____ is an inflammation of the liver caused by viral infection or alcohol consumption.

Hepatitis

_____ is a condition in which there is thickened cardiac muscle, with a decrease in the size of the chamber and extensive myocardial scarring.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

People with _____ have an abnormality of the connective tissue that results in a weakening of the structure of the aorta and cardiac valves, which can lead to a rupture of either a valve or the aorta itself.

Marfan's syndrome

_____ is an inflammation of the heart associated with a viral condition.

Myocarditis

_____ involves the dislodgement of relatively large portions of plaques from arteries in the extremities, which then migrate as an embolus of sufficient size to occlude a major coronary artery.

Peripheral artery disease

_____ is a condition in which the pleural cavity becomes filled with air that has entered through an opening in the chest.

Pneumothorax

_____ kidney are the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and small and large intestines.

Resting anterior to the left

_____ are the most commonly fractured.

Ribs 5 through 9

Identify the location of the heart.

The adult heart lies under the sternum.

Which of the following is a true statement about the abdominal viscera?

The hollow organs include vessels, tubes, and receptacles, such as the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and urinary bladder.

Identify a true statement about the abdominal viscera.

The solid organs of the abdominal viscera are the kidneys, spleen, liver, pancreas, and adrenal glands.

Identify the function of the thymus.

To produce lymphocytes

_____ occurs as a result of a violent blow to or a compression of the rib cage that causes a cessation of breathing.

Traumatic asphyxia

True or false: Meals should be eaten at least 3 to 4 hours before sports activities to allow foods to clear the stomach, to reduce the chance of injuries to the thorax and abdomen.

True

Identify a true statement about the steps that can be taken to prevent injuries to the thorax and abdomen.

Urination immediately before taking part in sport activities is essential.

Identify a true statement about the diaphragm.

When the diaphragm contracts, the dome flattens, which increases the volume of the thorax.

Identify a true statement about the diaphragm.

When the diaphragm relaxes, it results in expiration of air.

_____ is an abnormality in cardiac rhythm which manifests itself as ventricular tachycardia.

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

The _______ glands are located on top of each kidney.

adrenal

The organs that are situated _____ kidney are the liver and the intestines.

anterior to the right

The thoracic cavity is the portion of the body commonly known as the _______, which lies between the base of the neck and the diaphragm.

chest

Each sternal rib is joined to the sternum by a separate _______ _______.

costal cartilage

A direct blow to the anterolateral aspect of the thorax or an indirect blow from a sudden twist or fall that compresses the rib cage most often results in a _____.

costochondral separation

A(n) _______ _______ involves a fracture of three or more consecutive ribs on the same side.

flail chest

Within the thoracic cage lie the _____, the _____, and the thymus.

heart; lungs

A rupture of the venous plexus on the posterior aspect of a testicle results in a rapid accumulation of blood in the scrotum, called a(n) _______ .

hematocele

A(n) _____ refers to the protrusion of abdominal viscera through a portion of the abdominal wall.

hernia

Coronary artery disease results from atherosclerosis, in which there is a narrowing of the coronary arteries that is usually due to _____ in a young patient.

hypercholesterolemia

The adult heart lies _____.

in front of the vertebral column

_______ _______ is the most likely cause of spleen enlargement.

infectious mononucleosis

The external intercostal and the internal intercostal muscles attach on the _______ border of the rib above and the _______ border of the rib below.

inferior, superior

The _____ peritoneum is a moist serous membrane that lines the surface of the body wall in the abdominopelvic cavity.

parietal

The _______ _______ is a potential space where the peritoneal layers face each other and secrete a lubricating serous fluid that reduces any friction resulting from the movement, allowing the abdominal organs to move freely.

peritoneal cavity

A heavy fascial sheath encloses the _____ muscle, holding it in its position but in no way restricting its motion.

rectus abdominis

The _____ muscle is attached to the rib cage above and to the pubis below.

rectus abdominis

A condition that occurs to the breasts in both males and females is _____ nipples, in which the shirt rubs the nipples and causes an abrasion.

runner's

Enlargement of the spleen is called _______

splenomegaly

Auscultation involves listening to body sounds through a(n) _____.

stethoscope

When an inflammation or infection of the urinary bladder is caused by bacteria, it is called a _____.

urinary tract infection

The portion of the peritoneum that reflects and covers the surface of internal organs is called the _____ peritoneum.

visceral