ATI PME Respiratory

Which of the following should a health care professional include when advising a patient about the use of montelukast (singulair)?

Take the drug once a day in the evening Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier, is most effective when taken once per day in the evening.

A health care professional should explain to a patient who is prescribed diphenhydramine that the most common side effect associated with the drug is

Sedation -The most common adverse effect of diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine, is sedation.

A health care professional is monitoring plasma drug levels in a patient who is taking theophylline (Theo-24). Which of the following adverse effects should the health care professional expect to see if the patient's level indicates toxicity?

Seizures -Seizures are likely when plasma drug levels of theophylline, a methylxanthine, are higher than 30 mcg/ml, which indicates toxicity.

A health care professional is caring for a patient who is having difficulty mobilizing thick respiratory secretions. Which of the following drugs should the health care professional expect to administer?

Acetylcysteine (Acetadote) -Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic that loosens thick respiratory secretions

A health care professional is talking to a patient who is prescribed albuterol (Proventil) via inhaler and fluticasone (Advair) via inhaler for asthma management. The health care professional should tell the patient to use the albuterol inhaler before using using the fluticasone inhaler for which of the following reasons?

Albuterol will increase the absorption of fluticasone. -Albuterol, an inhaled, short-acting beta2 agonist, causes bronchodilation, which will increase the absorption of fluticasone, an inhaled glucocorticoid, when the patient uses it before the gluocorticoid.

A health care professional who is advising a patient about using intranasal glucocorticoids should include which of the following instructions?

Allow at least 2 weeks for the full therapeutic effect. -It can take 2 or 3 weeks to see the full effect from intranasal glucocorticoids.

When advising a patient about taking prednisone for chronic asthma, a health care professional should include which of the following information?

Avoid taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). -Gastric protective measures are essential for paatients who are taking oral glucocorticoids. Anti-inflammatory drugs can cause GI bleeding, so patients should not take them concurrently with prednisone.

A health care professional should recognize that using pseudoephedrine (sudafed) to treat allergic rhinitis requires cautious use with patients who have which of the following?

Coronary Artery Disease -Because pseudoephedrine, an oral sympathomimetic, can cause systemic vasoconstriction, it requires cautious use with patients who have severe hypertension or coronary artery disease.

A health care professional is advising a patient about the use of beclomethasone (Beconase AQ) to treat asthma. The health care professional should explain that the drug treats asthma because it performs which of the following actions?

Decreases inflammation -Beclomethasone, an intranasal glucocorticoid, treats asthma by reducing inflammation

Legal restrictions apply to the purchase of pseudoephedrine (sudafed) because of which of the following risks?

Drug abuse -Because it is possible to alter pseudoephedrine and epinephrine, the law restricts the drugs' purchase.

A health care professional is advising a patient about the use of cromolyn sodium. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include?

Expect a bitter aftertaste -Cromolyn sodium, a mast cell stabilizer, leaves a bitter aftertaste. Taking sips of water or sucking on hard candy after use of the drug can minimize this effect.

When advising a patient about using zileuton (zyflo), a health care professional should include which of the following instructions?

Have laboratory tests performed at regular intervals. -Zileuton, a leukotriene modifier, can cause liver injury. The health care professional should monitor liver function once a month for 3 months, then every 2 to 3 months during the first year of treatment.

When advising a patient who is beginning fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (advair) therapy, which of the following instructions should a health care professional include?

Increase weight-bearing activity. -Weight-bearing activity can help minimize bone loss, which is a side effect of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol, an inhaked glucocorticoid.

A health care professional should tell a patient who is taking albuterol (proventil) to report which of the following possible indications of a serious adverse effect?

Palpitations -Beta2 agonists can cause cardiac stimulation, resulting in chest pain, tachycardia, and hypertension. This is rare with short-acting beta2 agonists, but it is possible.

Before prescribing dextromethorphan (Robitussin) to a patient, the primary care provider should know that, when given with an opiod, the drug can result in which of the following?

Potentiation of the analgesic effect of the opiod -Combining dextromethorphan with an opiod, such as morphine, increases the analgesic effect of the opiod.

A health care professional who is advising a patient about the use of antihistamines to treat allergic rhinits should explain that these drugs are effective because they perform which of the following actions?

Prevents histamine from binding to receptors. -Antihistamines treat allergic rhinits and reduce swelling by blocking histamine from binding to the receptor sites.

A health care professional is advising a patient about the use of cromolyn sodium to prevent bronchospasm. The health care professional should explain that the drug prevents bronchospasm because it performs which of the following actions?

Reduces inflammation -Cromolyn sodium, a mast cell stabilizer, reduces inflammation by inhibiting the inflammatory response

A health care professional who is advising a patient about the use of an expectorant to treat a cough should explain that this type of drug i effective because it performs which of the following actions?

Reduces surface tension -Expectorants act by reducing the surface tension of respiratory secretions. This results in thinning thick mucus, making it easier to cough out of the lungs and drain out of the nose and sinuses.

A health care professional is caring for a patient who is taking codeine. Which of the following is the most important assessment following administration of the drug?

Respirations The greatest risk to patients who are taking codeine, an opiod agonist, is severe respiratory depression. Therefore, the most important assessment is the respiratory rate.

A health care professional is advising a patient about the adverse effects of pseudoephedrine (Sudafed). Which of the following should the health care professional include? (Select all that apply)

Restlessness Insomnia Anxiety

A health care professional cautions a patient who is taking guaifenesin (mucinex) about using combination over-the-counter cold products because

They can also contain guaifenesin. -Many combination over-the-counter cold products contain guaifenesin; a patient taking both might be taking excessive amounts of the drug. Combination products also contain multiple drugs to treat different manifestations, all of which might not be present. Virtually all drugs have potential adverse effects so the patient should use only those drugs required to treat existing symptoms and only in the recommended amounts.

A health care professional who is advising a patient about the use of a mucolytic to treat a cough should explain that this type of drug is effective because it performs which of the following actions?

Thins and loosens mucus -Mucolytics make mucus less viscous to increase a cough's productivity.

For which of the following reasons should a patient attach a spacer to a metered-dose inhaler?

To increase the amount of drug delivered to the lungs -A spacer increases the amount of drug that reaches the lungs

A health care professional is caring for a patient who is taking ipratropium (atrovent). The health care professional should explain which of the following adverse effects to the patient? (select all that apply)

Urinary retention dry mouth

When explaining how a patient should use ipratropium (atrovent), a health care professional should include which of the following instructions?

Wait 5 min between using the drug and another inhaled drug -Ipratropium, an inhaled anticholinergic, requires a 5-min wait between its administration and that of another inhaled drug to allow for its bronchodilating effects.