ATI TEAS PRACTICE TEST Science

Chemical C is a catalyst int he reaction between chemical A and chemical B what is the effect of chemical C? A. Chemical C increases the rate of the reaction between A and B. B. Chemical C decreases the rate of the reaction between A and B. C. Chemical C nitrates the reaction between A and B. D. Chemical C converts A from a base to an acid.

A. A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the net reaction. Therefore, chemical C increases the rate of the reaction between A and B.

What occurs during the anaphase of mitosis? A. chromosomes, originally in pairs, separate from their daughters and move to the opposite ends (or poles) of the cell. B. the mitotic spindle fibers begin to form C. the chromosomes align int he middle of the cell D. two nuclei form, surrounded each by a nuclear membrane

A. There are four phases of mitosis: the prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. - During the prophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle fibers begin to form. - Next, during the metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. - Next, in the anaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes originally in pairs, separated move to the opposite ends of the cells. - then, during the telophase, two nuclei form around the separated chromosomes, each surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

On average, how many protons does one atom of zinc (Zn) have? Atomic # - 30 Atomic mass - 65.39 A. 30 B. 35 C. 35.99 D. 65.39

A. 30 The number of protons is the same for every atom of a given element and is the elements's atomic number; in this case 30 for Zinc (Zn).

Which statement most accurately compares and contrasts the structures of DNA and RNA? A. Both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases. Three of the bases are the same but the fourth base is thymine in DNA and uracil n RNA. B. Both DNA and RNA have the same 4 nucleotide bases However, the nucleotides bone differently in the DNA when compared to RNA. C. Both DNA and RNA have 6 nucleotide bases. However, the shape of DNA is a triple helix and the shape of RNA is a double helix. D. Both DNA and RNA have a double helix structure. However, DNA contains 6 nucleotide bases and RNA contains 4 nucleotide bases.

A. Both DNA and RNA mar made up of 4 nucleotide bases. Both DNA and RNA contain cytosine, guanine, and adenine. - However, DNA contains thymine and RNA contains uracil.

Where does gas exchange occur in the human body? A. alveoli B. bronchi C. larynx D. pharynx

A. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, the minute air sacs on the interior of the lungs. - The bronchi are large cartilage-based tubes of air; they extend from the end of the trachea into the lung; where they branch apart. - the larynx which house the vocal crds, is positioned between the trachea and the pharynx; it is involved n wallowing breathing, and speaking. - The pharynx extends from the nose to the uppermost portions of the trachea and esophagus.

What basic molecular unit enables hereditary information to be transmitted from parent to offspring? A. genes B. blood C. traits D. cell

A. Genes are the molecular units that enable parents to pass hereditary traits on to their offspring. - The blood, organs, cells and hair all contain the genes that makeup the offspring, but these are not basic molecular units.

Which of the following cells is NOT part of the immune system? A. neurons B. dendritic cells C. macrophages D. mast cells

A. Neurons The immune system helps protect the body from bacteria, viruses, infections, another elements that could cause illness. - A neuron is a nerve cell that is central to the nervous system and transmits nerve impulses.

If a biologist is describing the physical and visible expressions of a genetic trait, which of the following is he referring to? A phenotype B. allele C. gamete D. genotypes

A. Phenotype The physical expression --such as hair color -- is the result of the phenotype. - The genotype is the basic genetic code. - Allele are two or more alternative gene forms that generally arises via mutation, and are located int eh same part of a chromosome. - A gamete is a germ cell (female or male) that can unite wit the opposite sex germ cell it eh process of zygote formation of sexual reproduction.

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the heart? A. pulmonary vein B. pulmonary artery C. aorta D. superior vena cava

A. Pulmonary vein While generally speaking, veins carry deoxygenated blood and arteries carry oxygenated blood, in this case, the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart and the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. - The aorta, takes oxygenated away from the left side of the heart and distributes it throughout the body. - The superior vena cava returns unoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart, to then be distributed through the lungs and deoxygenated.

Which group of major parts and organs make up the immune system? A. lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, and bone marrow. B. brain, spinal cord, and nerve cells. C. heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries D. nose, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, alveolus, and diaphragm.

A. The immune system consists of the lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, and bone marrow. - The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cells. - The circulatory system consists of the heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries. - The respiratory system consists of the nose, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, alveolus, and diaphragm.

Which of the following best described the relationship between the circulatory system and the integumentary system? A. removal of excess heat from body. B. hormonal influence on blood pressure C. regulation of blood's pressure and volume. D. development of blood cells within marrow.

A. The integumentary system coordinates with the circulatory system to remove excess heat form the body. The superficial blood vessels (those nearest the surface of the skin) dilate to allow the heat to exit the Boyd. - The hormonal influence on blood pressure is the result of the relationship between the circulatory system and the endocrine system. - The urinary system is responsible for assisting the regulation of blood's pressure and volume. - The skeletal system is responsible for assisting the development of blood vessels within the marrow.

Which statement matches the function to the organ of the digestive system? A. The large intestine reabsorbs water int he body to form solid waste. B The duodenum is the middle section of the small intestine in which acids, fat, and sugar are absorbed. C. The jejunum is the first part of the small intestine that receives chyme form the stomach and further digests it prior to entering the large intestine. D. The gallbladder produces insulin to assist in the transport of sugars form the blood to the organs.

A. The large intestine's main function is the reaborsptlon of water into the body to form solid waste. It also allows for the absorption of vitamin K produced by microbes living inside the large intestine. - The duodenum is the first second of the small intestine that receives partially digested food from the stomach, also called chyme, further digestion tit with the help of enzymes released by the gall bladder, before it enters into the small intestine. - The pancreases (not the gall bladder) releases insulin to assist in the removal and transport of sugar in the body. - The jejunum is the second portion of the small intestine in which amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars are absorbed.

Which of the following best describes a section that divides the body into equal right and left parts? A. Midsagittal plane B. Coronal plane C. Oblique plane D. Frontal plane

A. The midsagittal plane refers to a lengthwise cut that divides the body into equal right and left portions; it is also called the medial plane. - The frontal or coral plane refers to ta cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections - The oblique plane is when a cylindrical organ is sectioned with an angular cut across the organ.

Which item below best describes the primary function of the nervous system? A. The nervous system is the center of communication in the body. B. The nervous system is primarily responsible for helping the body breathe. C. The nervous system transports blood throughout the body. D. The nervous system helps the body break down food.

A. The nervous system is the body's communication center. - The body uses the respiratory system to breathe, and blood is transported by the circulatory system. - The digestive system breaks down food for the body.

Where is the parathyroid gland located? A. On the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland, on the posterior aspect. B. On the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland, on the posterior aspect. C. On the lateral thyroid gland, on the anterior aspect. D. On the left lateral lobe of the thyroid gland, on the anterior aspect.

A. The parathyroid gland is located on the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland in the neck, on the posterior aspect. - It is part of the endocrine system. - When the supply of calcium in blood diminishes to unhealthy levels, the parathyroid gland motivates the secretion of a hormone that encourages the bones to release calcium into the bloodstream. The parathyroid Gand also regulates the amount of phosphate in the blood by stimulating the excretion of phosphates in the urine.

Which gland is responsible for the regulation of calcium levels? A. the parathyroid glands B. the pituitary gland C. the adrenal glands D. the pancreas

A. The parathyroid glands The parathyroid glands are four small glands that isa on top of the thyroid gland and regulate calcium levels by secreting parathyroid hormone. The hormone regulates the amount of calcium and magnesium that is excreted by the kidneys into the urine.

A scientific study has over 2000 data points. Which of the following methods is most likely to help the researcher gain usable information from the data? A. Use statistical analysis to understand trends in the data B. Look at each individual data point, and try to create a trend. C. Eliminate 90% of the data so that the sample size is more manageable. D. Stare at the data until a pattern pops out.

A. The researcher should use statistical analysis to understand trends in the data.

Which of the following is NOT an element of the respiratory system? A. ribs B. trachea C. diaphragm D. alveoli

A. The respiratory system uses the lungs, diaphragm, trachea, alveoli, and bronchi to help the body distribute oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. - While the ribs contain and protect many of these elements, the ribs are part of the musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for providing structure, stability and protection to the internal organs.

Which of the following statements is correct about normal human lung anatomy? A. the right lung has three lobes; the left lung has two lobes. B. the right lung has two ones; the left lung has three lobes C. both lungs have two lobes D. both lungs have three lobes

A. The right lung has three segments: upper, medial and lower. - The left lung has two lobes: upper and lower. - The lobes are further divided into segments. - The right lung comprises ten segments: three in the right upper, two in the right medial lobe, and five int he right lower lobe. - The left lung comprises eight segments: four in the left upper lobe and four in the left lower lobe.

Using the table below, what conclusions can be made about the students' scores? A. the scores increased as the year progressed B. the girls did better than the boys on the test each quarter. C. the test was about math D. the scores were heavily impacted by the test reviews that were provided

A. The table reflects student scores for each quarter. The trend that can be seen int he graph is an increase in scores as the year progressed. - The graph label mentions a test review, but there is not enough information abut that to know if that is the reason for the scores changing.

Two nursing students will be completing a scientific experiment measuring the mass of chewed gum after on-minute chewing increments. Which lab equipment will the students most likely use? A. triple beam balance B. anemometer C. hot plate D. microscope

A. Triple beam balance A triple beam balance would be used to measure the mass (in grams) of the gum in this experiment. - An anemometer is used to measure wind speed. - A hot plate is used to heat liquids. - A microscope is used to magnify microscopic particles or organs.

THE NEXT TWO QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION. A student is conducting an experiment using a ball that is attached to the end of a string on a pendulum. The student pulls the ball back so that it is at an angle to its resting position. As the student releases the ball, it swings forward and backward. The student measures the time it takes the ball to make on complete period. A period is defined as the time it takes the ball to swing forward and back again to its starting positions. That is repeated using different string lengths. Lengthening the string of the pendulum increases the time it takes the ball to make on complete period. What correction would you have the student make to the hypothesis? A. Turn it into an "if/then" statement. B. Add the word "will" in the middle after the word "pendulum. C. Switch the order of the sentence so that the phrase about the period comes first, and the phrase about the string's length is last. D. No corrects are needed.

A. Turn it into an "if/then" statement. A formalized hypothesis written int he form of an if/then statement can be tested. A statement may make a prediction or imply a cause/effect relationship, but that does not necessarily make it a good hypothesis.

Which of the following is Not one of the major types of bones int he human body? A. dense bone B. long bone C. short bone D. irregular bone

A. dense bone The human body has five types of bones: long bones, short bones, irregular bones, flat bones, and sesamoid bones. While bones may be dense, this is no ta major category of bones in the body.

Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland? A. hypothalamus B. adrenal gland C. testes D. pancreas

A. the hypothalamus controls the hormones sec rated by the pituitary gland. -The part of the brain maintains the body temperature and hips to control metabolism. - the adrenal glands, which lie above the kidneys, secrete steroidal hormones, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. - The testes are the male reproductive glands, responsible for the production of sperm and testosterone - The pancreas secretes insulin and a fluid that aids indigestion.

1. THE NEXT TWO QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION. Let B represent the dominant gene for a full head of hair, and let b represent the recessive gene for male pattern baldness. The following Punnett square represents the offspring of two people with recessive genes for baldness. According to the Punnett square, which selection includes all outcomes that would produce an offspring with male pattern baldness? A. Possibility 1. B. Possibility 4. C. Possibilities 1, 2, and 3 D. Possibilities 2, 3, and 4

B. - because male pattern baldness is a recessive gene, the offspring would need the bb gene combination in order to inherit this trait. - Possibility 4 corresponds to the bb gene combination. Complete Punnet square: B. b B. BB. Bb b. Bb. bb

How do DNA an RNA function together as part of the human genome? A. DNA carries genetic information form RNA to the cell cytoplasm. B. RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the cell cytoplasm. C. DNA and RNA carry genetic information form the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm D. DNA and RNA do not interact within the cell.

B. DNA is the primary carrier of genetic information in most cells. - RNA serves as a messenger that transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm off the cells.

THE NEXT TWO QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE PERIODIC TABLE On average, how many neutrons does one atom of bromine(Br) have? Atomic # - 35 Atomic mass - 79.9 A. 35 B. 44.90 C. 45 D. 79.90

B. 44.90 79.9-35 = 44.90

All of the following are parts of the cardiac systems EXCEPT the: A. ventricle B alveoli C. atrium D. septum

B. Alveoli Alveoli are air sacs found within the lung parenchyma and are to part of the cardiac system. - The septum is dividing wall between the right and left sides of the heart. - The heart has four chambers: the upper two chambers are the right and left atrium and the lower two chambers are the right and left ventricles.

The first four steps on the scientific method are as follows: I. Identify the problem. II. Ask questions. III. Develop a hypothesis. Iv. Collect data and experiment on that data. Which of the following is the fifth step in the scientific method? A. Observe the data. B. Analyze the results. C. Measure the data. D. Develop a conclusion.

B. Analyze the results. - There are six steps in the scientific process. The results of step four must be analyzed before reaching the final step. "Develop a conclusion."

Which of the following choices best describes the location of the trachea in relation to the esophagus? A. lateral B. anterior C. posterior D. dorsal

B. Anterior The trachea is anterior or ventral to the esophagus. The trachea is separated from the esophagus by the epiglottis, which is a flap of cartilage that covers one while the other is in use. - the trachea's proximal portion is connected to the larynx and the distal portion splits off into the right and left bronchi.

THE NEXT QUESTION IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION Many years ago, people believed that flies were created from spoiled food because spoiled food that was left out in the open often contained fly larvae. So a scientist placed fresh food in a sealed container for an extended period of time. The food spoiled, but no fly larvae were found in the food that was sealed. Based on this evidence, what is the most likely reason that spoiled food left out in the one often contained fly larvae? A. The spoiled food evolved into fly larvae. B. Since the food was left out in the open, flies would lay eggs in the food. C. Fly larvae were spontaneously generated by the spoiled food. D. People only imagined they saw fly larvae in the spoiled food.

B. Based on the evidence, the most likely explanation for fly larvae in the spoiled food is that flies laid their eggs in the food.

What is the most likely reason that cells differentiate? A. Cells differentiate to avoid looking like all the cells around them. B. Cells differentiate so that simple, non-specialized cells can become highly specialized cells C. Cells differentiate so that multicellular organs will remain the same size D. Cells differentiate for no apparent reason.

B. Cells differentiate so that simple, less specialized cells can become highly specialized cells.

Which element or structure within the respiratory system is responsible for removing foreign matter from the lungs? A. Bronchial tubes B. Cilia C. Trachea D. Alveoli

B. Cilia. - The cilia are the tiny hairs in the respiratory system that are responsible for removing reign matter from the lungs. - The cilia are located within the bronchial tubes, but it is the cilia that have the responsibility for removing inappropriate materials before they enter the lungs.

Which of the following describes the transport network that is responsible for the transference of proteins throughout a cell? A. gogli apparatus B. endoplasmic reticulum C. mitochondria D. nucleolus

B. Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum is the cell's transport network that moves proteins form one part of the ell to another. - The Golgi apparatus assist int he transport but is not the actual transport network. - Mitochrondia are organelles ("tiny organs") that help in the production of ATP, which the cells need to operate properly. - The nucleolus participates in the production of ribosomes that are needed t generate proteins for the cell.

A triple beam balance would show the units of measurement in which form? A. liters B. grams C. meters D. gallons

B. Grams All of the answers use the System of International Units (SI) of measurement with the exception of gallons. - A liter is the measurement of a liquid. - Grams are a unit of measurement for the weight of an object, which would be measured on the triple beam balance. - Meters measure length.

Which of the following is NOT found in the dorsal cavity of the body? A. cerebellum B. heart C. brainstem D spine

B. Heart The vertebral cavity (containing the spine) can be found in the dorsal cavity along with the cranial cavity (containing the brain). The ventral body cavity is divided into several subsections; the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. - The heart is int he thoracic cavity, the stomach is int he abdominal cavity, and the testes are the pelvic cavity.

In the development of genetic traits, one gene must match to one _______ for the traits to develop correctly. A. codon B. protein C. amino acids D. chromosomes

B. In the development of genetic traits, one gene must match to a portion for a genetic trait to develop correctly.

Which statement below correctly describes the movement of molecules in the body and/or in relation to the external environment? A. Osmosis is the movement of a solution from and area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. B. Diffusion is the process in the lungs by which oxygen is transported from the air to the blood. C. Dissipation is the transport of molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to high concentration, requiring energy. D. Reverse osmosis is the movement of molecules in a solution from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

B. In the lungs, oxygen is transported from the air to the blood through the process of diffusion. In which molecules passively move from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Specifically, the alveolar membranes withdraw the oxygen form the air in the lungs into the bloodstream. - Osmosis is the passive movement of a water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a permeable membrane. - Reverse osmosis is the active transport of water opposite the concentration gradient from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration. - Dissipation is a more general reference of the spread or loss of energy.

What type of molecules are enzymes? A. water molecules B. protein molecules C. tripolar molecules D. inorganic molecules

B. Protein molecules - Enzymes are protein molecules produced by living organisms. - Enzymes serve as catalysts for certain biological reactions.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the use of qualitative and quantitative data in scientific research? A. Quantitative data is collected through numerical measurements. B. Quantitative data is more accurate than qualitative data. C. Qualitative data is focused on perspectives and behavior. D. Qualitative data is collected through observation and interviews.

B. Quantitative data is more accurate than qualitative data. The two types of measurement important in science are qualitative (When a numerical result is used) and qualitative (when descriptions or qualities are reported). - Qualitative data is collected through observation and interviews, and focuses on the informant's behavior and perspectives.

What functions do ribosomes serve within the cell? A. ribosomes are responsible for cell movement. B. ribosomes aid in protein synthesis C. ribosomes help protect the cell from its environment D. ribosomes have enzymes that help with digestion

B. Ribosomes are organelles that help synthesize proteins within the cell. - Cilia and flagella are responsible for cell movement. - The cell membrane helps the cell maintain its shape and protects it from the environment. - Lysosomes have digestive enzymes.

In which of the following muscle types are the filaments arranged in a disorderly manner? A. cardiac B. smooth C. skeletal D. rough

B. Smooth muscle tissue is said to be arranged in a disorderly fashion because it is not striated like the other two types of muscle: cardiac and skeletal. Striations are line that can only be seen with a microscope. - Smooth muscle is typically found in the supporting tissues of hollow organs and blood vessels. - Cardiac muscle is found exclusively in the heart; it is responsible for the contractions that pump blood throughout the body. - Skeletal muscle, by far the most preponderant in the body, controls the movements of the skeleton. The contractions of the skeletal muscle are responsible for all voluntary motion. There is no such thing as rough muscle.

Which of the following characteristics is part of a person's genotype? A. brown eyes that appear hazel n the sunlight. B. CFTR genes that causes cystic fibrosis C. Black hair that grows rapidly. D. being a fast runner.

B. The CFTR gene refers to genetic makeup while the other choices all describe traits are observable.

In your garden, you noticed that the tomato plants did better on the north side of your house than the west side and you decided to figure out why. They are both planted with the same soil that provides adequate nutrients to the plant, and they are watered at the same time during the week. Over the course of a week, you begin to measure the amount of sunlight that hits each side of the house and determine that the north side gets more light because the sunlight is blocked by the house's shadow on the west side. What is the name of the factor in your observations that affected the tomato plants growth? A. the control B. the independent variable C. the dependent variable D. The conclusion

B. The conclusion was that the amount of sunlight received by the pants was affecting their growth. - The independent variable was the amount of light that was given to the plants and could have been manipulated by the experiment by moving the plants or adding equal parts of light. - No control was used in this experiment.

Which of the following statement properly describes how the structure moves during inspiration? A. the lungs contract on inspiration B. the diaphragm moves downward on inspiration C. the ribs remain fixed during inspiration D. the heart moves inward on inspiration

B. The diaphragm moves downward or contracts to increase the space in the thoracic cavity. - This downward motion inflates the lungs and contrast the ribs. - The heart's position does not change during inspiration or expiration.

Which item below is NOT a disease of the digestive system? A. Crohn's disease B. Diabetes C. Ulcerative colitis D. Diverticulosis

B. The digestive system helps the body process food. The stomach, mouth, and esophagus all participate in food digestion. - common disease infecting the digestive system include Crohn's disease, ulcerative Otis, and diverticulosis. - Diabetes is a disease of the endocrine system, that impacts the release of insulin from the pancreas.

Which of the following describes one responsibility of the integumentary system? A. Distributing vital substances (such as nutrients) throughout the body B. Blocking pathogens that cause disease C. Sending leaked fluids from cardiovascular system back to the blood vessels D. sorting bodily hormones that influence gender traits.

B. The integumentary system includes skin, hair, and mucous membranes, all of which are responsible-in part, at least-for blocking disease-causing pathogens from entering the bloodstream. - The circulatory system distributes vital substances through the body. - The lymphatic system sends leaked fluids from the cardiovascular system back to the blood vessels. - The reproductive system stores bodily hormones that influence gender traits.

Which of the following is an example of the location and function of cartilage int he body? A. The dense connective tissue that comprises the better part of the structural skeleton. B. The supportive pads that provide cushion at joints, such as between the vertebrae of the spinal cord. C. The connective structure made of fibrous collagen that connects muscles and bones, such as the connection of the patella to the quadricep. D. The layer beneath the skin and on the outside of internal organs that provides cushioning and protection.

B. The pads that support the vertebrae are made up of cartilage. - Cartilage, a strong form of connective tissue, cushions ad supports the joints. Cartilage also makes up the larynx and the outer ear. - Bone is a form of connective tissue that comprises the better part of the skeleton. It includes both organic and inorganic substances. - Tendons connect the muscles to other structures of the body, typically bones. Tendons can increase and decrease in length as the bones move. - Fat is a combination of lipids; in humans, fat forms a layer beneath the skin and on the outside of the internal organs.

Which of the following does NOT produce hormones? A. pituitary gland B. the pons C. pancreas D. ovaries

B. The pons The endocrine system is made up of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testicles. - They secrete hormones which help regulate mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function and reproductive processes. - The Pons is located in the Brian stem and relays nerve signals that coordinate messages between he brain and the body.

Which of the following is true regarding the primary function of the spleen? A. It produces bile to emulsify fats. B. It filters microorganisms and other foreign substances from the blood. C. It helps control blood glucose levels and regulates blood pressure. D. It regulates blood clotting factors.

B. The spleen's job is t finer the blood by removing dead or dying re blood cells as well as microorganisms.

Which of the following does not exist in RNA? A. uracil B. thymine C. cytosine D. guanine

B. The substance thyme does not exist in RNA. The bases of RNA include uracil, cytosine, guanine, and adenine.

Which of the following best describes a section that divides the body into equal upper and lower portions? A coronal B. transverse C. oblique D. median

B. Transverse The transverse plane separates the body into equal upper and lower portions. - The oblique plane is when a cylindrical organ is sectioned with an angular cut across the organ. - The midsagittal or medial plane refers to a lengthwise cut that divides the body into equal right and left portions. - The frontal or coronal plane refers to a cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.

Which of the following is not composed of striated muscle? A. quadriceps B. uterus C. triceps D. gastrocnemius

B. Uterus. Skeletal or striated muscles are voluntary muscles that help support the skeletal structures. Example of striated muscles are the biceps, triceps, quadriceps, gluteus, and gastrocnemius muscles to name a few. Smooth or involuntary muscles are muscles primarily found in the visceral organs such as the intestines, prostate, reproductive organs, bladder and trachea.

The respiratory system _____ oxygen and _____ carbon dioxide. A. inhale; exhale B. delivers; expels C. creates; absorbs D. exhales; inhale

B. delivers; expels - Our respiratory system inhales air, of which oxygen is one component. From that inhaled air, the reparatory system delivers oxygen to the body. Though gas exchange, it then expels carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body as we exhale. - The respiratory system obtains oxygen from the air we inhale; it does not create it, and it expels CO2 rather than absorbing it. We do not use our rxepiratyroy systems to exhale oxygen or inhale CO2.

Which of the following do catalysts alter to control the rate of a chemical reaction? A. substrate energy B. activation energy C. inhibitor energy D. promoter energy

B. inhibitor energy Catalysts alter the activation energy during a chemical reaction and therefore control the rate of the reaction. - the substrate is the actual surface that enzymes use during a chemical reaction (and there is no such term as substrate energy). - Inhibitors and promoters participate in the chemical reaction, but it is the activation energy that catalysts alter to control the overall rate as the reaction occurs.

Where is the interstitial fluid found? A int he blood and lymphatic vessels B. in the tissues around cells C. in the cells D. in the ventricles of the brain

B. interstitial fluid is food in the tissues around the cells; intracellular fluid is found within the cells. - Fluid in the ventricles of the brain and down into the spinal cord is called cerebrospinal fluid. - Cerebrospinal fluid bathes these sensitive tissues in a fluid that helps to protect hem. - blood and lymph are the fluids that carry nutrients, oxygen, waste, and lymph material throughout the body.

Which of the following bone types is embedded in tendons? A. long bones B. sesamoid bones C. flat bones D. vertical bones

B.. Sesamoid bones Sesamoid bones are embedded in tendons. -Vertical bones, is not a major bone type. - Long bones contain a long shaft - Flat bones are thin and curved.

A nurse wants to investigate how different environmental factors affect her patients' body temperatures. Which tool would be the most helpful when the nurse conducts her investigation? A. scale B. yard stick C. thermometer D. blood pressure monitor

C The nurse wants to investigate her patients' body temperatures. - The thermometer is the only tool in the list that will help measure the temperature of a person's body.

Mrs. Jones's class conducted an experiment on the effects of sugar and artificial sweetener on the cookies recipe's overall color when baked. What would be the independent variable in the cookie experiment? A. The students would use the same ingredients in both recipes, but bake the cookies with sugar at 450 degrees and those with artificial sweetener at 475 degrees. They should increase the baking time on the artificial sweetener cookies, since the package instructs them to do so. B. The students should use the same. ingredients in both recipes, but increase the baking time on the artificial sweetener cookies, since the package instructs them to do so. C. The students should use the same ingredients, same baking temperatures, and same baking times for both recipes. D. The students should use the same ingredients and making times in both recipes, but bake the cookies with sugar at 450 degrees and the artificial sweetener cookies at 475 degrees.

C. The independent variable that is changed in the experiment in order to determine its effect on the dependent variable or the outcome of the experiment. - The dependent variable result from the experimenter making only one change to an experiment that can be repeated with the same results.

2. THE NEXT TWO QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION. Let B represent the dominant gene for a full head of hair, and let b represent the recessive gene for male pattern baldness. The following Punnett square represents the offspring of two people with recessive genes for baldness. According to the Punnett square, which selection includes all outcomes that would produce an offspring with a full head of hair? A. Possibility 1 B. Possibility 4 C. Possibilities 1, 2, and 3 D. Possibilities 2, 3, and 4

C. - Because male pattern baldness is recessive, the offspring would need the bb gene combination in order to inherit this trait. - Therefore, any offspring with the B gene will have a full head of hair. Possibilities 1, 2, and 3 all have the B gene.

What process should the DNA within a cell undergo before the cell replication? A. the DNA should quadruple so that daughter cells have more than enough DNA material after cell division. B. the DNA should triple so that daughter cells have three times the amount of DNA material after cell division. C. the DNA should replicate so that daughter cells have the same amount of DNA material after cell division. D. the DNA should split so that daughter cells have half the amount of DNA material after cell division.

C. After cell division, the daughter cells should be exact copies of the parent cells. - Therefore, the DNA should replace, or make an exact copy of itself, so that each daughter cell will have the full amount of DNA.

THE NEXT QUESTION REFERS TO THE FOLLOWING GRAPHICS: The chart above shows the average snowfall in inches for a two on Michigan's Upper Peninsula, during the months November through April. Which of the following can be concluded based on the information that is provided in the chart? A. April is not a good month to go skiing in the Upper Peninsula. B. Snowfall blocks the sunshine reduces the number of sunny days. C. The fewest sunny days occur in the months with the heaviest snowfall. D. There is no connection between the amount of snowfall and the number of sunny days.

C. The chart shows two specific changes: snowfall levels from November to April and sunny days from November to April.

A substance is considered acidic if it has a pH of less than which of the following? A. 12 B. 9 C. 7 D. 4

C. 7 The number of 7 is the "breaking point" between basic and acidic. - above 7 solutions are considered basic - below 7 solutions are considered acidic - for instance, milk, with a pH of 6.5, is actually considered acidic. - bleach, with a pH of 12.5, is considered basic

A doctor needs to convince his boss to approve a test for a patient. Which statement below best communicates a scientific argument that justifies the need for the test? A. the patient looks like he needs this test. B. the doctor feels that the patients needs this test C. the patient's symptoms and health history suggest that this test will enable the correct diagnosis to help the patient. D. the patient has excellent insurance that will pay for several test, and the doctor would like to run as many tests as possible.

C. A scientific argument should be based on measurable and observable facts such as the patient's current symptoms and health history.

The Punnett square shown here indicates a cross between two parents, one with alleles BB and the other with alleles Bb. Select the correct entry for the upper right box in the Punnet square, which is indicated with the letter, x: A. Bb B. bB C BB D. bb

C. BB Crossing the corresponding alleles from each parents will yield a result of BB in the upper right box of this Punnett square.

Which of the following statements describes the path of blood entering into the heart? A. Blood enters the heart through the pulmonary vein, into the right atrium, through the tricuspid have to the right ventricle. B. Once the right ventricle is full, blood exits into the pulmonary artery and then empties into the left ventricle. C. After traveling through he lungs, oxygenated blood enters into the left atrium, then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. D. Once the left ventricle is full, the left tricuspid valve shuts, the ventricle contracts, and blood exists through the aorta.

C. Blood returns to the heart from both the inferior and superior vena cava, entering into the right atrium, though the tricuspid valve, and into he right ventricle. Once the right ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve closes, and upon heart contraction, the blood is pumped through the pulmonary artery, becoming oxygenated in the lungs. The blood returns to the heart from the lungs through the pulmonary vein, into the left atrium, through the mitral valve, and into the left ventricle.When the left ventricle is full, the mitral valve closes, and the hart contracts and distributes the newly oxygenated blood throughout the Boyd through the aortic valve and into the aorta.

How is meiosis similar to mitosis? A. both produce daughter cells that are genetically identical B. both produce daughter cells that are genetically different C. both occur in humans, animals, and plants D. both occur asexually

C. Both meiosis and mitosis occur in humans, animals, and plants. - Mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical, and meiosis produces cells that are genetically different. - only mitosis occurs asexually

Two criteria for classifying epithelial tissue are: A. Cell type and cell function B. Cell shape and cell type C. Cell layers and cell shape D. Cell function and cell layers

C. Cell layers and cell shape are the criteria for classifying epithelial tissue. - Cell layers refers to the amount of cells that separate the basement membrane from the surface, such as a simple single layer, a stratified layer (2 or more), or a pseudostratfied layer. - Cell shapes refer to the shape of the outer cells and can be squamous, columnar or cuboidal.

In the suburban neighborhood of Northwood, there have been large populations of deer, and residents have complained about them eating flowers and garden plants. What would be a logical explanation, based on observations, for the large increase int eh deer population one the last two season? A. increased quantity of food sources in surrounding areas B. Decreased population of a natural predator in Northwoods. C. Deer migration from surrounding areas D. Increase in hunting licenses sold.

C. Deer migration from surround areas

What lab equipment would most likely be used to measure a liquid solution? A flask B. triple beam balance C. graduated cylinder D. test tube

C. In order to have accurate measurements, the use of a graduated cylinder would be the best measurement equipment for a liquid solution. - A triple beam balance measure the weight of an object in grams. - A flask and a test tube are used to contain a liquid while being heated or stored.

Which of the following is a protein that interferes with virus production? A. lysozyme B. prion C. interferon D. keratin

C. Interferons are members of a larger class of proteins called cytokines. - Cytokines are specialized proteins that carry signals between cells. - Interferons are proteins that are produced by cels infected by pathogens such as viruses.

Which of the following hormones is correctly attached with the gland/organ it is produced by? A. insulin; kidney B. testosterone; thyroid C. Melatonin; pineal D. epinephrine; gall bladder

C. Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. One the primary function of melatonin is regulation of the circadian cycle, which is the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. - Insulin helps regulate the amount of glucose in the blood. Without insulin, the body is unable to covert blood sugar into energy. - Testosterone is the main hormone produced by the testes; it is responsible for the development of adult male sex characteristics. - Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, performs a number of functions; it quickens and strengthens the heartbeat and dilates the bronchioles. Epinephrine is one the hormones secreted when the body sense danger.

Which part of the cell is often called the cell "power house" because it provides energy for cellular functions? A. nucleus B. cell membrane C. mitochondria D. cytoplasm

C. Mitochondria Mitochondria are often called the power house fo the cell because they provide energy for the cell to function. - The nucleus is the control center for the cell. - The cell membrane surrounds the cell and separates the cell from its environments. - Cytoplasm is the thick fluid within the cell membrane that surrounds the nucleus and contains organelles.

Which of the following is not a product of respiration? A. Carbon dioxide B. Water C. Oxygen D. ATP

C. Oxygen In respiration, the human inhales air, consisting of oxygen, and then produces energy (ATP) and exhales nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water (in the form of vapor). - While oxygen is a main component of the respiratory system's process, it is not produced by the respiratory system - Rather, it is utilized and distributed throughout the body, and then what is not absorbed, is exhaled back into the environment.

Of the following, the blood vessel containing the least-oxygenated blood is: A. the aorta B. the vena cava C. the pulmonary artery D. the capillaries

C. Pulmonary artery The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the lungs, where CO2 is released and the supply of oxygen is replenished.

The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the: A. mouth B. stomach C. small intestine D. large intestine

C. Small intestine - Food enters the digestive system through the mouth and proceeds down to the stomach after mastication by the teeth. - Once in the stomach, enzyme are secreted that begin to digest the specific substances in the food (proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) - Next, the food passes through to the small intestine where the nutrients are absorbed and then into the large intestine where extra water is absorbed.

An atom has 5 photos, 5 neurons, and 6 electrons. What is the electric charge of this atom? A. neutral B. positive C. negative D. undetermined

C. The atom is negativity charged. - neutrons have no charge - protons have positive charge and electrons have negative charge equal in magnitude to the positive charge of the proton.

All of the following are pats of the respiratory system EXCEPT the: A. trachea B. bronchi C. esophagus D. larynx

C. The esophagus is the only structure that is not part of the respiratory system, it is part of the digestive system. - The larynx houses the voice box; it also acts as a passageway for air to travel into the lungs. - The trachea connects the larynx to the lungs; splits into the right and left bronchi, which divide into smaller passageways called the bronchioles.

All of the following are components of the genitourinary system EXCEPT: A. the kidneys B. the urethra C. the rectum D. the bladder

C. The genitourinary system is response for removing waste from the body through urine.

THE NEXT TWO QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION. A student is conducting an experiment using a ball that is attached to the end of a string on a pendulum. The student pulls the ball back so that it is at an angle to its resting position. As the student releases the ball, it swings forward and backward. The student measures the time it takes the ball to make on complete period. A period is defined as the time it takes the ball to swing forward and back again to its starting positions. That is repeated using different string lengths. What would be an appropriate control variable for this experiment? A. the period B. the length of the string C. the mass of the ball D. the color of the ball

C. The mass of the ball. The mass of the ball is appropriately called a control variable for the experiment. A control or controlled variable is a factor that could be varied, but for testing purpled should remain the same throughout all experiences, otherwise, it could affect the results.

Organized from highest to lowest, what is the hierarchy of the human body's structures is as follows: - Organism, organ systems, organs, tissues. Which of the following comes next? A. Organs, cells, tissues, molecules, atoms B. Organ system, organism, organ, cells, tissues, atoms, molecules C. Organism, organ system, organs, tissues, cells, molecules, atoms D. Organism, organ, cells, tissues, molecules, atoms

C. The order of hierarchy of human body structures is as follows: - Organism - Organ systems - Organs - Tissues - Cells - Molecules - Atoms Muscles are types of tissues, so muscles do not have a separate place in the hierarchy but instead fall within the types of tissues.

The process of changing from a liquid to a gas is called ________. A. freezing B. condensation C. vaporization D. sublimation

C. Vaporization Vaporization is the process of changing from a liquid to a gas. - For instance, water vaporizes when boiled to create steam. - Freezing is the process of changing from a liquid to a solid. - Condensation describes changing from a gas to a liquid, - Sublimating is the process f changing from a solid to a gas.

Which of the following best describes the structures found underneath each rib in descending order? A. vein, nerve, artery B. artery, vein, nerve C. vein, artery, nerve D. nerve, vein, artery

C. Vein, artery, nerve the neurovascular structure found under each rib in descending order is the vein, artery, and nerve.

Which of the following components of the human integumentary system is the deepest? A. stratum basale B. epidermis C. hypodermis D. dermis

C. hypodermis - TC. he stratum basal is the lowest level of the epidermis, which is the surface level. - The dermis is a layer o connective tissue immediately beneath the epidermis. - The hypodermic, while not a layer of skin, is part to the integumentary system and it is just below the dermis.

There are three insects that are being compared under a microscope. As a scientist, you decide that measuring them would be an important part of recording their data. which unit of measurement would best for this situation? A. centimeters B. meters C. micrometers D. kilometers

C. micrometers The best use of the International System of Units (SI) for this situation would be the use of the micrometer as it is the smaller unit of measurement provided and the scientist is using a microscope to view the insects.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the circulatory system? A. pumping blood throughout the body to provide tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen B. removing toxins and waste from the blood C. transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body. D. transporting important hormones released from glands to their sites of action.

C. transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body. - the circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, lymph, lymph nodes, and blood. It circles materials throughout the entire body, providing tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen. It is also responsible for transporting hormones and removing waste. - The nervous system is responsible system is for transmitting nerve impulses that originate in the brain and coordinate action in the rest of the body.T

Which of the following best describes one of the roles of RNA? A. manufacturing the proteins needed for DNA B. creating the bonds between the elements that compose DNA C. sending messages about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA D. Forming the identifiable "double helix" shape of DNA.

C.. Sending messages about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA. - RNA has several roles, one o which is to act as the messenger and deliver information about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA.

The part of the human excretory system most responsible for maintaining normal body temperature is the : A. kidney B. bladder. C. liver D. sweat glands

D. Blood is cooled as it passes through capillaries surround the sweat glands. Heat is absorbed along with excess salt and water and transferred to the glands as sweat. Droplets of sweat then evaporate from the skin surface to dissipate heat and cool the body - The kidney, bladder, and liver are NOT involved in regulating body temperature.

Which of the following best describes the careful ordering of molecules within solids that have a fixed shape? A. physical bonding B. par molecules C. metalloid structure D. crystalline order

D. Crystalline order Solids with a fixed shape have crystalline order that defines and maintains that shape.

Which of the following does not contain blood vessels? A. hyperdermis B. hypodermis C. dermis D. epidermis

D. Epidermis Humans have three layers of skin called the epidermis, the dermis, and subcutaneous fat. - Epidermis is the top ayer of the skin, the dermis is the second layer and subcutaneous makes up the bottom layer. - The epidermis does not contain blood vessels.

The average life expectancy in the 21st century is about 75 years. The average life expectancy in the 19th century was about 40 years. What is a possible explanation for the longer life expectancy in the present age? A. Advances in medical technology enable people to live longer. B. Knowledge abut how basic cleanliness can help avoid lines has enable people to live longer. C. The creation of various vaccines has enable people to live longer. D. All of the statements above offer reasonable explanations for longer life expectancy.

D. Longer life expectancy could be explained by any or all of the alternatives presented. - Advances in medical technology, basic cleanliness, and vaccines could all help people live longer in the 21st century.

Which type of cell secretes antibodies? A. material cell B. viral cell C. lymph cell D. plasma cells

D. Plasma cells secrete antibodies.

THE TABLE BELOW CONTAINS INFORMATION FROM THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS. Which pattern below best describes the elements listed in the table? A. The elements are arranged order by weight with H being the heaviest atom and Be being the lightest atom. B. The elements are arranged in order by electron charge with H having the most electrons and BE having the fewest electrons. C. The elements are arranged in order by protons with H having the most protons and Be having the fewest protons. D. The elements are arranged in order by protons with H having the fewest protons and Be having the most protons.

D. The atomic number equals the number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom. - Since Be has an atomic number of 4, it has 4 protons and 4 electrons. H has the fewest protons and electrons, as denoted by its atomic number of 1.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of the corresponding physiologic structure? A. The trachea connects the throat and the stomach, encouraging food to follow this path through contractions. B. The esophagus is the cylindrical portion of the respiratory tract that joins the larynx with the lungs. C. the diaphragm is a muscle that controls the height of the thoracic cavity, decreasing the height on contraction, and increasing the height on relaxation causing expiration. D. The epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.

D. The epiglottis covers the trachea during swelling, thus preventing food from entering the airway. - The trachea (windpipe) is cylindrical portion of the reparatory tract that joins the larynx with the lungs. - The esophagus connects the throat and the stomach. When a person swallows, the esophagus contracts to force the food down into the stomach. The esophagus secretes mucus for lubrication. - The diaphragm is a muscle that controls the height of the thoracic cavity, increasing the height on contraction (inspiration), and decreasing the height on relaxation (expiration).

Which organ is correctly matched with the cavity in which it is found? A. spleen; pelvic cavity B. brain; vertebral canal C. bladder; abdominal cavity D. heart; thoracic cavity

D. The heart is located in the thoracic cavity. - The thoracic cavity extends from the neck to the diaphragm, which divides the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity. - Some of the major structures contained int he thoracic cavity are the ribs, heart, lungs, mediastinum, trachea, and the esophagus. - The spleen is located in the abdominal cavity. - The brain is located in the cranial cavity. - The bladder is located in the pelvic cavity.

When are the parasympathetic nerves active within the nervous system? A. when an individual experiences a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement. B. when an individual feels pain or heat. C. when an individual is either talking or walking. D. when an individual is either resting or eating.

D. The parasympathetic nerves are active when an individual is ether resting or eating. - The sympathetic nerves are active when an individual experience a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement. - Feeling pain and hat fall under the responsibility of the sensory neurons. Talking and walking fall under the responsibility of the ganglia within the sensory-somatic nervous system.

A part of which body system controls fluid loss, protects deep tissues, and synthesizes vitamins D? A. the skeletal system B. the muscular system C. the lymphatic system D. The integumentary system

D. The skin is a part of the integumentary system, along with the heart, nails, nerves, and glands. The skin controls fluid loss, protects deep tissues, and synthesizes vitamin D. - The skeletal system gives the body its bony supporting structure, protects vital organs, collaborates with muscles in body movement, stores calcium, and produces red blood cells. - The muscular system maintains posture, collaborates with the bones in the body movements, uses energy, and generates heat. - The lymphatic system retrieves fluids leaked from capillaries and contains white blood cells, and part of it support parts of the immune system.

How many organ system are in the human body? A. 12 B. 15 C. 9 D. 11

D. There are 11 organ systems n the human body. - Circulatory System - Digestive System - Endocrine System - Integumentary System - Lymphatic System - Muscular System - Nervous System - Reproductive System - Respiratory System - Skeletal System - Urinary System

Which layer of the heart contains striated muscle fibers for contraction of the heart? A. pericardium B. epicardium C. endocardium D. myocardium

D. myocardium The myocardium is the layer of the layer f the heart that contains the muscle fibers responsible for contraction. - The endocardium and epicardium are the inner and outer layers of the heart wall, respectively. - The pericardium is the sac in which the heart sits inside the chest cavity.

Which statement below accurately describes the function of its element? A. collagen is a spongy fatty compound that creates a padding between bones and other structures. B. hemoglobin is the amount of red blood cells that are present in blood, which can reflect disease states, hydration, and blood loss. C. lymph is tissue that forms into nodes through which blood is filtered and cleaned. D. an antigen stimulates the production of antibodies.

D. the name for a substance that stimulates the production of antibodies is an antigen. An antigen is any substance perceived by the immune system as dangerous. When the body senses an antigen, it produces an antibody. - Collagen is one the components of bone, tendon, and cartilage. It is a spongy protein that can be turned into gelatin by boiling. - Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that carries oxygen. In order for the blood to carry enough oxygen to the cells of the body, there has to be a sufficient amount of hemoglobin. - the lymph is a near-transparent fluid that performs a number of functions in the body. It removes bacteria from tissues, replaces lymphocytes in the blood, and moves fat away from he small intestine. Lymph contains white blood cells. The lymph node is the tissue through which lymph travels in this filtering process.