Atmosphere Test Review
a decrease in the amount of brown haze
Car exhaust combines with the air to form brown haze. A decrease in the number of people driving would result in_________.
Average global temperature might increase.
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prevents some radiation from Earth's surface from escaping to space. How might temperatures on Earth change if more carbon dioxide were released from burning fossil fuels.
90 to 94%
About what percent of Earth's atmosphere does water vapor make up?
Air pressure decreases quickly from 0 km to 12 km, but above 12 km the pressure decreases at a much slower rate.
Does air pressure change more quickly at higher altitudes or at lower altitudes?
At night sunlight no longer interacts with particles in the ionosphere. This allows AM radio transmissions to be reflected back to Earth at greater distances.
During the day, the radio only receives AM stations from a city near you. At night, you are able to listen to an AM radio station from a distant city. Explain why this is possible.
450 millibars
Estimate the air pressure at an altitude of 5 km.
The differences in the heating and cooling of land and water affect the movement of cool and warm air in the area.
How can the temperatures of sand and water affect the climate of the area?
more than three-fourths
How could you express the amount of nitrogen in Earth's atmosphere as a fraction?
85 km
How far does the mesosphere extend above Earth's surface?
During the afternoon, the ground warmed and heated the air above it through conduction. Af-ter sunset, the ground was no longer receiving solar energy and could no longer provide as much heat to the air above it.
In an experiment, a student measured the air temperature 1 meter above the ground on a sunny afternoon and again in the same spot 1 hour after sunset. The second reading was lower than the first. What can you infer from this?
because the rain evaporates before reaching the ground
In some very hot places on Earth, clouds produce rain, but the rain does not reach the ground. Why does this happen?
electrically charged particles
In the thermosphere, there is a layer called the ionosphere that can help radio waves travel. The ionosphere is made up of ________________.
Stratosphere
In which part of the atmosphere is ozone located.
The wind and plane have to be moving in the same direction.
Jet streams enable pilots to reach their destinations faster. Why does this happen?
snow
Seth's teacher explained that the hydrosphere consists of all the water in Earth's surface. Which of the following is a part of the hydrosphere?
clouds and rain
The troposphere is the layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth's surface. What would you expect to find in the troposphere?
contains a high level of water vapor and atmospheric gases and extends from the surface of Earth up to about 10 km.
What are some characteristic of the troposphere?
land breeze
What causes cold air to move from land to the water?
Mesossphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere
What is the correct order of atmospheric layers that the space shuttle goes through when landing on Earth?
conduction
What type of energy transfer occurs when the heat in the sand transfers to the person's feet?
It would be hotter near the Earth's equator and colder near Earth's poles.
What would happen to temperatures on Earth if the Sun's heat were not distributed throughout the atmosphere?
warm air
When air is compressed, its temperature increases. When air expands, its temperature decreases. Which can hold a greater quantity of water vapor?
oxygen
Which gas makes up about one-fifth of Earth's atmosphere?
prevailing westerlies
Which type of wind generally moves from southwest to the northeast in the northern hemisphere?
Solar energy passes through the glass window, where it is absorbed by the car interior. The interior reradiates the energy as heat. The glass windows trap the heat, which builds up inside as long as the car sits in the Sun.
Why is the inside of a car hotter than the outdoor temperature on a sunny summer day?