Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

How many children are affected with ADHD?

ADHD affects between 8 to 12% of children globally. (Biederman & Faraone, 2005, p. 1).

What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment disorder of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that affects 8-12% of children worldwide. (Biederman & Faraone, 2005)

What are some potential risk factors of ADHD?

Brain injury, environmental exposure (lead), alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy, premature delivery, low birth weight. (Cdc.gov, 2014)

What are some core symptoms of ADHD in a child?

Difficulty focusing, considerable daydreaming, forgetfulness, squirming or fidgeting, excessive talking, unnecessary risk taking, impatience, difficulty socializing (Cdc.gov, 2014)

What are core symptoms of Predominantly Inattentive type?

Difficulty with: organizing or finishing a task, paying attention to details, following instructions or conversations. Easily: distracted or forgets details of daily routines (Cdc.gov, 2014)

What are core symptoms of Combined type?

Equal presentation of Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive type. See below. Difficulty with: organizing or finishing a task, paying attention to details, following instructions or conversations. Easily: distracted or forgets details of daily routines Fidgeting and talking, difficulty sitting for prolong period of time, hyperactivity, sensation of restlessness, impatience, acting out (Cdc.gov, 2014)

What causes ADHD?

Exact cause of ADHD is unknown. Research shows that genetics play an key roll in the development of ADHD. (Cdc.gov, 2014)

True or False: ADHD symptoms or disorder will go away if left alone.

False. ADHD can have lifelong affect. Make sure the child is supported to reach their full potential by receiving a proper diagnosis and treatment as early as possible. (Cdc.gov, 2014)

True of False: ADHD only occurs in childhood

False. ADHD is often diagnosed in childhood, but continues into adulthood (Cdc.gov, 2014)

True of False: Someone with an ADHD diagnosis will definitely need medication.

False. Although a combination of medication and behaviour therapy is often the best treatment, no single therapy is suitable for every individual. Careful monitoring, follow-up, and adjustment for symptom presentation are needed. (Cdc.gov, 2014)

True or False: If a child presents with ADHD symptoms, they definitely have ADHD.

False. Sometimes the symptoms of ADHD can be similar to those of other disorders such as: anxiety, depression, or learning disorders. It is important to distinguish the history of symptoms and onset to ensure accurate diagnosis. (Cdc.gov, 2014)

True or False: The presentation of ADHD in a child will remain the same.

False. Symptoms can change over time. It is important to continually reassess and monitor symptom presentation. (Cdc.gov, 2014)

What are core symptoms of Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive type?

Fidgeting and talking, difficulty sitting for prolong period of time, hyperactivity, sensation of restlessness, impatience, acting out (Cdc.gov, 2014)

What are some behavioural therapy treatment options for ADHD?

Follow the same routine, organize belonging in the same spot, avoid distractions especially while doing homework, limit choices, clear communication, reward child for accomplishing goals, discipline with time outs, encourage talent to boost self-esteem. (Cdc.gov, 2014)

What are some treatments for ADHD?

Medication and behavioural therapy. (Cdc.gov, 2014)

What does 'neurodevelopment' mean?

Neurodevelopment means, "having to do with the way the brain grows and develops" (Cdc.gov, 2014)

What are the 3 types of ADHD?

Predominantly Inattentive, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive, and Combined Presentation (Cdc.gov, 2014)

What are medication options for ADHD?

Stimulants and Non-stimulants. Stimulants are widely used, 70-80% of children respond positively to these. Non-stimulants have fewer side effects than stimulants and can last up to 24 hours. (Cdc.gov, 2014)

How does ADHD interfere with peer relationships?

Studies have shown that Predominantly inattentive ADHD may be perceived as shy or withdrawn by peers. Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive can be seen as aggressive. Other behavioural disorders may also exist alongside ADHD, causing greater relationship impairment with peers. (Cdc.gov, 2014)

How would a child be diagnosed with ADHD?

The first step would be to ensure the cause of the behaviour is not the result of a sensory deficit (hearing/vision). A history of the child's behaviour will be examined, and presentation of symptoms. (Cdc.gov, 2014)