ATTR 211 (Chapter 1)
List six personal qualities that are "essential" for a good athletic trainer.
- Stamina - Empathy - Sense of humor - Ability to communicate - Intellectual curiosity - Ethics
The CEBM scale assigns a number from 1-5 to rate its quality based on the type of research study. What number is assigned to designate the highest rating?
1
When and where was the first NATA meeting held?
1950 in Kansas City, Missouri
What is an athletic training facility?
A health care facility for treating individuals who have an illness or injury
Based on a proposal from the American Academy of Pediatrics, in 1998, the American Medical Association adopted what?
AMCIA
Define "trainer"
Act of coaching or teaching
Every day brings new challenges and problems that must be solved. The athletic trainer must be able to do what?
Adapt to new situations with ease
Adolescents cannot be approached physically or emotionally in the same manner as you would a _____. Therefore, the athletic trainer must be aware of what two things when approaching an adolescent?
Adults and growth and development
In most cases, after what age does qualities such as muscular endurance, coordination, and strength tend to decrease?
After age 35
Which coaches should be certified in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and AED by the American Red Cross, the American Heart Association, or the National Safety Council?
All of them
What does AAFP stand for?
American Academy of Family Physicians
What does ACSM stand for and how do they define sports medicine?
American College of Sports Medicine; multidisciplinary, including the physiological, biomechanical, pyschological, and pathological phenomena associated with exercise and sports
What does AOSSM stand for and what journal do they publish?
American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine and they publish the Journal of Sports Medicine
What does APTA stand for?
American Physical Therapy Association
When critically assessing the results of a study, the evidence-based medicine approach requires you to answer three primary questions. List them.
Are the results valid? - Are the results reliable? - Are the results clinically applicable?
List 6 databases that are called "pre-appraised," or EBP, databases?
Articles Plus - Google Scholar - PubMed/MEDLINE - CINAL - SPORTDiscus - EBSCO host
Who is the one individual who deals with the patient throughout the period of rehabilitation, from the time of the initial injury until the patient's complete, unrestricted return to activity?
Athletic trainer
Athletes are often caught in the middle between coaches telling them to do one thing and medical staff telling them to do something else. Thus, the injured athlete must always be informed and made aware of what aspects of the injury rehabilitation program?
Be aware of the WHY, HOW, and WHEN
What is the most important aspect of injury prevention?
Being sure that the athlete is in good shape and is able to handle the physiological and pyschological demands of competition
What does CSCS stand for?
Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialists
Athletic trainers work in a variety of employment settings, list 12 settings.
Clinic, hospital, industrial or occupational facillity, corporate, college/university, two-year institution, secondary school, professional sports, amateaur/recreational/youth sports, performing arts, military/law enforcement/government, and health/fitness/sports/performance enhancement clinics/clubs/independent contractor
Today more than 40% of certified athletic trainers are employed in what settings?
Clinics and hospitals settings or in industrial and occupational settings
When an athletic trainer is referring an athlete for evaluation or consultation, the athletic trainer must be aware of the services that are in the _________ and the __________ or managed care plan coverage available for that athlete.
Community and insurance
Scholarly papers that analyze the level or quality of the evidence of a specific research study or topic are called what?
Critical Appraisal Papers (CAPs) or Critical Appraisal Topics (CATs)
The fact that athletes, coaches, and athletic trainers focus a lot on good nutritional habits, therefore, good nutritional decisions are an outcome of what 3 things?
Diet, weight loss, and weight gain
List the 8 signs of a possible burnout.
Excessive amger - Blaming others - Guilt - Being tired and exhausted all day - Sleep problems - High absenteeism - Family problems - Self-preoccupation
The term burnout is commonly used to describe what?
Feelings of exhaustion and disinterest toward work
When the athletic trainer knows at the beginning of a season that an athlete has a physical problem that may lead to an injury during the course of the season, he or she may be able to do what?
Give corrective measures that might reduce the possibility of another injury
Once this initial diagnosis is done, the athletic trainer then must assume responsibility for what two things for the injured athlete?
Giving first aid and management of acute injury
The PPE includes general measures, physician exam and orthopedic evaluation. What is included in each?
Height, weight, blood pressure, body composition, respirations, abdominal, genital, dermatological, and ear, nose, and throat systems, and ROM, muscle strength, and joint stability
The athletic trainer should also be familiar with the potential dangers associated with practicing or competing under inclement weather conditions, such as?
High heat and humidity, extreme cold, or electrical storms
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulates what?
How individuals who have health information about an athlete can share that info with others and not be in violation of the privacy rule
Once an injury or illness has been evaluated and diagnosed, when does the rehabilitation process begin?
Immediately
________ ______ _______ is the proficiency and judgment that individual clinicians acquire through clinical experience and clinical practice.
Individual Clinical Expertise
What is meant by a "physically active population" (how is it defined)?
Individulas engaging in activities that require physical skill
The educational preparation for athletic trainers allows them to function in a variety of domains, name 8 identified.
Injury prevention - Evaluation - Management and rehab - Health education - Nutrition - Training and conditioning - Preparticipation physicals - Maintenance of essential documentation
The history of AT draws on what 5 disciplines?
Injury/Illness Prevention and Wellness Protection - Clinical Evaluaton and Diagnosis - Immediate and Emergency Care - Treatment adnd Rehab - Organizational and Professional Health and Well-being
List the 5 major Domains identified in the Role Delineation Study.
Injury/Illness Prevention and Wellness Protection, Clinical Evaluaton and Diagnosis, Immediate and Emergency Care, Treatment adnd Rehab, and Organizational and Professional Health and Well-being
What does practicing evidence-based medicine mean?
Integrating external clinical evidence from systematic research within clinical expertise, while focusing on patient values and preferences
What is the name of the journal published by the APTA?
Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
What are the two journals published by the NSCA?
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research and Strength and Conditioning
The athletic trainer should make sure that they are continuously expanding what 2 things with the Athletic Training field?
Knowledge base and expertise within the field
The athletic trainer should establish well-defined emergency action plans in cooperation with what 2 people?
Local rescue squads and the community hospitals
What is meant by "evidence based practice?
Making decisions about the clinical care of individual patients based on the current best available evidence in the professional literature
The coach is directly responsible for preventing injuries by doing what?
Making sure that their athletes have went through a injury prevention conditioning program
What are the 5 accurate and detailed records are critical for Athletic trainers?
Medical histories, preparticipation examinations, injury reports, treatment records, and rehab programs
List the 4 basic ethics principles of the NATA Code of Ethics.
Members shall respect the rights, welfare, and dignity of everybody, comply with the laws and regulations of athletic training, maintain high standards in their services, and not act in a way that would reflect negatively on the profession
List the 8 different types of research studies presented. (list from most scientific rigor to least rigor)
Meta-analyses - Systematic reviews - Narrative reviews - Cohort studies - Randomized controlled trials - Clinical practice guidelines - Case-control studies - Case studies
What percent of certified athletic trainers are employed in clinics and hospitals—more than in any other employment setting?
More than 40%
What does NASM stand for and identify the two certification programs offered by NASM?
National Academy of Sports Medicine and the programs are Fitness certification and performance certification
What does NATA stand for and what is their mission?
National Athletic Trainers' Association and their mission is to enhance the health care that is provided by athletic trainers and to advance the athletic training program
What does NCAA stand for?
National Collegiate Athletic Association
What does the NSCA stand for and what are the 2 nationally accredited certification programs that they offer?
National Strength and Conditioning Association and the CSCS (Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist) and CPT (Certified Personal Trainer)
**What is a "DO" and what do they specialize in?
Osteopath; musculoskeletal system
List two commonly used scales that assess the level or quality of the evidence in a specific research study.
Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) and Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT)
The athletic trainer must develop a good amount of ________ and must earn the ________ of the coaches, so that his or her judgment in all medical matters is fully accepted.
Patience and respect
PICO is an acronym for what?
Patient condition, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome
It has been suggested that it is more appropriate to refer to an athlete by calling them a ____ or ____ when they are being treated for an injury.
Patient or client
It is critical that the team physician and the athletic trainer share ___________ _________ regarding injury management and rehabilitation programs; this cohesion will help minimize any discrepancies or inconsistencies that may exist.
Philosophical opinions
What is a "PA" and what role do they play?
Physician Assistant and they have many of the responsibilities for patient care that is normally done by a physician
What is a "DPM" and what do they specialize in?
Podiatrist and the study and care of the foot
What must be established and implemented that will reduce the likelihood of exposure to infectious agents by following universal precautions, which can prevent the transmission of infectious diseases?
Policies and procedures
Areas of specialization that focus more on injury care and management specific to the athlete are what?
Practice of medicine, athletic training, sports physical therapy, sports massage therapy, sports dentistry, osteopathic medicine, orthotics/prosthetics, chiropractic, podiatry, and emergency medical technology
The athletic trainer can minimize the risk of injury by doing what 6 things?
Preparticipation exams, doing appropiate training and conditioning , monitoring environmental conditions, proper protective equipment, make sure the athlete is eating properly, and making sure the athlete is using medications appropiately
The athletic trainer is most directly responsible for all phases of health care, including what 4 areas?
Preventing injuries, providing initial first aid and injury management, evaluating injuries, and designing and supervising a timely and effective program of rehab
An athletic trainer must work closely with and under the direction of the team physician with respect to designing rehabilitation and reconditioning _____.
Protocols
When it comes to correct competency in injury evaluation, the Athletic trainer must be skilled in what 2 things?
Provide the appropiate first aid and refer the patient to appropriate medical personnel
In what 3 ways can an Athletic Trainer achieve an active intellectual curiosity?
Reading professional journals and books, communicating with the team physician, and attending professional meetings
After the initial inspection/management of an injury, what should the athletic trainer routinely do next with the injured athlete?
Refer them to a physician for evaluation and to confirm the diagnosis
One of the most rewarding aspects of working as an athletic trainer can be found in which aspect with the patient?
Relationships
Who's work was the major influence in developing the Athletic Trainer as a specialist in preventing and managing athletic injuries after WWI?
S.E. Bilik
It is essential for the athletic trainer to possess knowledge about the _______and the _______ of the various modalities on a specific injury.
Scientific basis and physiological effects
What does a "Boolean Operator" do?
Searches for articles that include both terms
Briefly list the 8 duties of a team physician.
Seeing the athlete has a compiled medical history - Diagnosing and treating injuries and illnesses - Directing and advising the AT about health matters - Attending all games, athletic contests, scrimmages, and practices - Deciding an athlete's disqualification from participation and when they may be permitted to reenter - Serving as an advisor - Working closely with school administration - Acting as an instructor to the AT, etc.
When it comes to the rehabilitation process, the Athletic trainer must establish _______ and _______ goals and then be able to modify the program to meet those goals.
Short term and long term
The term athlete is used to refer to what?
Someone who is physically active in sports and is not injured
Who is ultimately responsible for directing the total health care of the athlete?
Team physician
Name the two journals published by the NATA.
The Journal of Athletic Training and the Athletic Training Journal
The first major text on athletic training and the care of athletic injuries is called?
The Trainer's Bible
Purchasing decisions about protective equipment should always be made in the best interest of what?
The athlete
Who is responsible for the design, building, and fitting of specific protective orthopedic devices?
The athletic trainer
Who should conduct a preparticipation physical examination (PPE) and why is this done?
The athletic trainer while working with the team physician and it is done to determine existing or potential problems.
The term sports medicine refers generically to what?
The broad field of health care that is related to physical activity and sport
The term "athletic training" has traditionally been known as what?
The field that is concerned with the athlete's health and safety
What information may be critical later on when swelling, pain, and guarding mask are some of the functional signs of the injury?
The information obtained in the initial evaluation
What is the aspect that is often neglected, but is critical to the rehabilitation process?
The pyschological aspect
Based on this knowledge of different injuries, the athletic trainer must possess some understanding of what two aspects for the various phases of healing?
The sequence and time frames for the phases of healing and to understand that certain physiological events must occur during each of the phases of healing
What role did "trainers" have in the Greek and Roman civilizations?
They helped athletes reach top physical condition and rubbed them down using home remedies
What is the definition of "empathy"?
To enter into the feeling or spirit of another person
NATA created the Task Force to establish Appropriate Medical Coverage for Intercollegiate Athletics (AMCIA) to do what?
To establish recommendations for appropriate medical coverage that provides the best health care for college athletes
What is the role of the Athletic trainer in the industrial setting?
To have fitness, rehab programs, and counseling for their employees
For the athletic trainer who is overseeing the health care of the athlete, what type of knowledge is essential?
To know the possible effects of certain drugs that may effect performance
In 2010 the Board of Certification (BOC)* completed the latest Role Delineation Study. What does this study designed to examine?
To make sure that the tasks are performed by the entry level athletic trainer and that they have the knowledge and skills to perform each task
What does "workplace ergonomics" mean?
To provide optimum comfort and to avoid stress or injury
Professional organizations have many goals, name 3.
To upgrade the field by devising and maintaining a set of professional standards, including code of ethics To bring together professionally competent individuals to exchange ideas, stimulate research, and promote critical thinking To give individuals an opportunity to work as a group with a singleness of purpose, thereby making it possible for them to achieve objectives that, separately, they could not accomplish
The athletic trainer works with what 2 people to select protective equipment and is responsible for maintaining its condition and safety?
With coaches and equipment manager
Athletic trainers must also identify safety hazards involving what 3 issues?
Workplace ergonomics, equipment considerations, maintenance, and sanitation
An off-the-field examination should include what 4 things?
brief medical history of exactly what happened, observation, palpation, and special tests
In evidence-based practice, what are the five steps that athletic training clinicians should take when attempting to determine the efficacy of using a specific clinical technique?
develop a clinical question - search the literature - appraise the evidence - apply the evidence - assess the outcomes