Audit Chapter 6

In planning and performing an audit, auditors are concerned about risk factors for two distinct types of fraud: fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets. Which of the following is a risk factor for misappropriation of assets? Generous performance-based compensation systems. Management preoccupation with increased financial performance. An unreliable accounting system. Strained relationships between management and the auditors.

An unreliable accounting system.

Audits of financial statements are designed to obtain reasonable assurance of detecting material misstatements due to: Errors Misappropriation of Assets A. Yes Yes B. Yes No C. No Yes D. No No

A

Which measure(s) of materiality considers quantitative considerations? Planning Evaluation A. Yes Yes B. Yes No C. No Yes D. No No

A

Which of the following is (are) considered a further audit procedure(s) that may be designed after assessing the risks of material misstatement? Substantive Tests of Details Substantive Analytical Procedures A. Yes Yes B. Yes No C. No Yes D. No No

A

If the economy is experiencing a recession, an auditor should focus increased attention on which of the following accounts? Purchase returns and allowances. Allowance for doubtful accounts. Common stock. Noncontrolling interest of a subsidiary purchased during the year.

Allowance for doubtful accounts.

Which of the following statements is always true when an auditor is planning a year-end audit? An engagement should not be accepted after the fiscal year-end. An inventory count must be observed at the balance sheet date. The client's audit committee should not be told of any specific audit procedures which will be performed. An audit plan should be developed that includes a time budget.

An audit plan should be developed that includes a time budget.

The risk of a material misstatement occurring in an account, assuming an absence of internal control, is referred to as: Account risk. Control risk. Detection risk. Inherent risk.

Inherent risk.

A predecessor auditor will ordinarily initiate communication with the successor auditor: Prior to the Subsequent to the Successor's Acceptance of the Engagement Successor's Acceptance of the Engagement A. Yes Yes B. Yes No C. No Yes D. No No

D

An auditor who selects a sample from the shipping documents file to determine whether invoices were prepared is satisfying the audit objective of: Accuracy. Completeness. Control. Existence.

Completeness.

Which of the following situations would raise an auditor's concern about the risk of fraudulent financial reporting? Inability to generate positive cash flows from operations, while reporting large increases in earnings. Management's lack of interest in increasing the dividend paid on common stock. Large amounts of liquid assets that are easily convertible into cash. Inability to borrow necessary capital without obtaining waivers on debt covenants.

Inability to generate positive cash flows from operations, while reporting large increases in earnings.

Which of the following is least likely to be considered a financial statement audit risk factor? Management operating and financing decisions are dominated by top management. A new client with no prior audit history. Rate of change in the entity's industry is rapid. Profitability of the entity relativterm-38e to its industry is inconsistent.

Management operating and financing decisions are dominated by top management.

Which of the following should not normally be included in the engagement letter for an audit? A description of the responsibilities of client personnel to provide assistance. An indication of the amount of the audit fee. A description of the limitations of an audit.. A listing of the client's branch offices selected for testing.

A listing of the client's branch offices selected for testing.

A successor auditor is required to make an effort to communicate with the predecessor auditor prior to: Performing test of controls. Testing beginning balances for the current year. Making a proposal for the audit engagement. Accepting the engagement.

Accepting the engagement.

Preliminary arrangements agreed to by the auditors and the client should be documented in writing by the auditors. This documentation is known as: A memorandum to be placed in the permanent section of the auditing working papers. An engagement letter. A client representation letter. A confirmation letter attached to the constructive services letter.

An engagement letter.

In the United States, the hiring of a company's external auditors of a public company is most likely the responsibility of the Audit committee. Board of directors. Management. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

Audit committee.

a description of the nature, timing, and extent of the audit procedures to be performed

Audit plan

At the overall engagement level, this is the risk that the auditors may unknowingly fail to appropriately modify their opinion on financial statements that are materially misstated.

Audit risk

Which measure(s) of materiality considers quantitative considerations? Neither Planning materiality or Evaluation materiality Only Planning materiality Both Planning materiality and Evaluation materiality Only Evaluation materiality

Both Planning materiality and Evaluation materiality

The auditors will typically not initiate discussion with the audit committee regarding the: Extent to which the work of internal auditors will influence the scope of the examination. Extent to which change in the company's organization will influence the scope of the examination. Details of potential problems which the auditors believe might cause a qualified opinion. Details of the procedures which the auditors intend to apply.

Details of the procedures which the auditors intend to apply.

the risk that the auditors' procedures will lead them to conclude that a material misstatement does not exist in an account balance when in fact such a misstatement does exist is referred to as: Account risk. Control risk. Detection risk. Inherent risk.

Detection risk.

Which of the following is not a general objective for the audit of asset accounts? Establishing existence of assets. Establishing proper valuation of assets. Establishing proper liabilities relating to assets. Establishing the completeness of assets.

Establishing proper liabilities relating to assets.

Which of the following best describes what is meant by the term "fraud risk factor"? Factors that, when present, indicate that risk exists. Factors often observed in circumstances where frauds have occurred. Factors that, when present, require modification of planned audit procedures. Weaknesses in internal control identified during an audit.

Factors often observed in circumstances where frauds have occurred.

The audit committee of a company must be made up of: Representatives from the client's management, investors, suppliers, and customers. The audit partner, the chief financial officer, the legal counsel, and at least one outsider. Representatives of the major equity interests, such as preferred and common stockholders. Members of the board of directors who are not officers or employees.

Members of the board of directors who are not officers or employees.

Which of the following is most likely to be an overall response to fraud risks identified in an audit? Supervise members of the audit team less closely and rely more upon judgment. Use less predictable audit procedures. Use only certified public accountants on the engagement. Place increased emphasis on the audit of objective transactions rather than subjective transactions.

Use less predictable audit procedures.

the risk of material misstatement of an assertion about an accounting without considering internal control

inherent risk

A form filed with the SEC when a company changes auditors is a: Form 8-K. Form 10-K. Form S-1. Form B-1.

Form 8-K.

individuals who commit fraud are ordinarily able to rationalize the act and also have an: Incentive Opportunity A. Yes Yes B. Yes No C. No Yes D. No No

A

Which of the following situations would heighten an auditor's concern about the risk of fraudulent financial reporting Large amounts of liquid assets that are easily convertible into cash. Low growth and profitability as compared to other entity's in the same industry. Financial management's participation in the initial selection of accounting principles. An overly complex organizational structure involving unusual lines of authority.

An overly complex organizational structure involving unusual lines of authority.

An abnormal fluctuation in gross profit suggests the need for extended audit procedures for sales and inventories. This would most likely be identified in the audit risk assessment phase by utilizing: Tests of transactions and balances. An assessment of internal control. An audit time budget. Analytical procedures.

Analytical procedures.

PCAOB standards suggest which of the following when interpreting the federal securities laws relating to materiality? A material amount would significantly alter the "total mix" of information made available to an investor. Materiality cannot be used as a basis for interpreting federal securities laws. A material amount is that at which an individual's decision would be changed. Materiality is composed of quantitative and not qualitative aspects.

A material amount would significantly alter the "total mix" of information made available to an investor.

Which of the following is least likely to be considered a "further audit procedure"? Tests of approval of sales transactions. An engagement letter. Analytical procedures performed as substantive procedures relating to inventory. Accounts receivable confirmation.

An engagement letter.

Which of the following is least likely to be included in an auditor's inquiry of management while obtaining information to identify the risks of material misstatement due to fraud? Are all financial reporting operations at one location? Does it have knowledge of fraud or suspect fraud? Does it have programs to mitigate fraud risks? Has it reported to the audit committee the nature of the company's internal control?

Are all financial reporting operations at one location?

Which of the following is least likely to render a quantitatively small misstatement material? Affects the registrant's compliance with regulatory requirements. Masks a change in earnings or other trends. Arises from an item not capable of precise measurement. The transaction involves a related party.

Arises from an item not capable of precise measurement.

According to the professional standards, auditors may document the understanding established with an audit client through a(n) Written communication with the client Oral Communication with the client A. Yes Yes B. Yes No C. No Yes D. No No

B

which of the following is an example of fraudulent financial reporting? Company management falsifies inventory count tags thereby overstating ending inventory and understating cost of goods sold. An employee diverts customer payments to his personal use, concealing his actions by debiting an expense account, thus overstating expenses. An employee steals inventory and the "shrinkage" is recorded in cost of goods sold. An employee "borrows" tools from the company and neglects to return them; the cost is reported as a miscellaneous operating expense.

Company management falsifies inventory count tags thereby overstating ending inventory and understating cost of goods sold.

Tracing from source documents forward to ledgers is most likely to address which assertion related to posted entries? Completeness. Existence. Rights. Valuation.

Completeness

While assessing the risks of material misstatement, auditors identify risks, relate risk to what could go wrong, consider the magnitude of risks, and: Assess the risk of misstatements due to illegal acts. Consider the complexity of the transactions involved. Consider the likelihood that the risks could result in material misstatements. Determine materiality levels.

Consider the likelihood that the risks could result in material misstatements.

The primary objective of tests of details of transactions performed as substantive procedures is to: Comply with generally accepted auditing standards. Attain assurance about the reliability of the accounting system. Detect material misstatements in the financial statements. Evaluate whether management's policies and procedures are operating effectively.

Detect material misstatements in the financial statements.

The risk that the auditors will conclude, based on substantive procedures, that a material misstatement does not exist in an account balance when, in fact, such misstatement does exist is referred to as Business risk. Engagement risk. Control risk. Detection risk.

Detection Risk

Auditors must assess fraud risk on every audit and respond to the risks that are identified. Which of the following is not a procedure required to further address the fraud risk of management override of internal control? Reviewing accounting estimates for biases. Examining physical controls over assets. Evaluating the business rationale for significant unusual transactions. Examining journal entries and other adjustments for evidence of fraud.

Examining physical controls over assets.

The process of working from financial statement figures back to detailed documents most directly addresses the financial statement assertion of Completeness. Existence. Disclosure. Correctness.

Existence.

Which of the following is most likely to be considered a risk factor relating to fraudulent financial reporting? Low turnover of senior management. Extreme degree of competition within the industry. Capital structure including various operating subsidiaries. Sales goals in excess of any of the preceding three years.

Extreme degree of competition within the industry.

Which of the following should the auditors obtain from the predecessor auditors before accepting an audit engagement? Analysis of balance sheet accounts. Analysis of income statement accounts. All matters of continuing accounting significance. Facts that might bear on the integrity of management.

Facts that might bear on the integrity of management.

Which of the following is correct concerning requirements about auditor communications about fraud? Fraud that involves senior management should be reported directly to the audit committee regardless of the amount involved. All fraud with a material effect on the financial statements should be reported directly by the auditor to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Fraud with a material effect on the financial statements should ordinarily be disclosed by the auditor through use of an "emphasis of a matter" paragraph added to the audit report. The auditor has no responsibility to disclose fraud outside the entity under any circumstances.

Fraud that involves senior management should be reported directly to the audit committee regardless of the amount involved.

To best test existence, an auditor would sample from the: General ledger to source documents. General ledger to the financial statements. Source documents to the general ledger. Source documents to journals.

General ledger to source documents.

Which of the following is correct concerning the PCAOB's concept of a significant account? It is the same as a relevant assertion. The auditor need only consider significant accounts when controls do not operate effectively. In deciding whether an account is a significant account one does not consider the effect of internal control. It is an account for which qualitative materiality considerations are particularly important.

In deciding whether an account is a significant account one does not consider the effect of internal control.

Which of the following is not an example of a likely adjustment in the auditors' overall audit approach when significant risk is found to exist? Apply increased professional skepticism about material transactions. Increase the assessed level of detection risk. Assign personnel with particular skill to areas of high risk. Obtain increased evidence about the appropriateness of management's selection of accounting principles.

Increase the assessed level of detection risk.

Hawkins requested permission to communicate with the predecessor auditor and review certain portions of the predecessor auditor's working papers. The prospective client's refusal to permit this will bear directly on Hawkins' decision concerning the: Adequacy of the preplanned audit plan. Ability to establish consistency in application of accounting principles between years. Apparent scope limitation. Integrity of management.

Integrity of management.

Which of the following conditions identified during the audit increases the risk of employee fraud? Large amounts of cash in the bank. Existence of a mandatory vacation policy for employees performing key functions. Inventory items of small size, but high value. Presence of reconciling items on a client prepared year-end proof of cash.

Inventory items of small size, but high value.

As one step in testing sales transactions, a CPA traces a random sample of sales journal entries to debits in the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger. This test provides evidence as to whether: Each recorded sale represents a bona fide transaction. All sales have been recorded in the sales journal. All debit entries in the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger are properly supported by sales journal entries. Recorded sales have been properly posted to customer accounts.

Recorded sales have been properly posted to customer accounts.

Which of the following situations would lead a CPA to conclude that a potential audit engagement should not be accepted? There are significant related party transactions that management claims occurred in the ordinary course of business. Internal control activities requiring the segregation of duties are subject to management override. Management continues to employ an inefficient system of information technology to record financial transactions. It is unlikely that sufficient evidence is available to support an opinion on the financial statements.

It is unlikely that sufficient evidence is available to support an opinion on the financial statements.

Which of the following is not an assertion that is made in the financial statements by management concerning each major account balance? Completeness. Rights and obligations. Legality. Valuation.

Legality.

Which of the following is least likely to be required on an audit? Evaluate the business rationale for significant, unusual transactions. Make a legal determination of whether fraud has occurred. Review accounting estimates for biases. Test appropriateness of journal entries and adjustments.

Make a legal determination of whether fraud has occurred.

When an auditor is planning an audit, the auditor should: Consider whether the extent of substantive procedures may be reduced based on the results of the internal control questionnaire. Make preliminary judgments about materiality levels for audit purposes. Conclude whether changes in compliance with prescribed control procedures justifies reliance on them. Prepare a preliminary draft of the management representation letter.

Make preliminary judgments about materiality levels for audit purposes.

Which of the following is not one of the assertions made by management about an account balance? Relevance. Existence. Valuation. Rights and obligations.

Relevance.

Which of the following situations would an auditor consider a potential risk factor for misstatements from fraudulent financial reporting? Several members of management have recently purchased additional shares of the entity's stock. Several members of the board of directors have recently sold shares of the entity's stock. The entity distributes financial forecasts to financial analysts that predict conservative operating results. Management is interested in maintaining the entity's earnings trend by using aggressive accounting practices.

Management is interested in maintaining the entity's earnings trend by using aggressive accounting practices.

Which of the following factors would most likely cause a CPA to decide not to accept a new audit engagement? Lack of understanding of the potential client's internal auditors' computer-assisted audit techniques. Management's disregard for internal control. The existence of related party transactions. Management's attempt to meet earnings per share growth rate goals.

Management's disregard for internal control.

In using the statement of cash flows to obtain an understanding of a profitable, growing company, which of the following would ordinarily be least surprising to an auditor? Decreases in accounts payable. Decreases in accounts receivable. Negative cash flows from investing. Negative operating cash flows.

Negative cash flows from investing.

Which of the following is least likely to be considered a risk assessment procedure? Observation of the physical count of inventory. Analytical procedures. Application of data analytical procedures. Inspection of receiving reports.

Observation of the physical count of inventory.

When an auditor accepts an audit engagement but does not possess the industry expertise of the business entity involved, the auditor should: Engage financial experts familiar with the nature of the business entity. Obtain a knowledge of matters that relate to the nature of the entity's business. Refer a substantial portion of the audit to another CPA who will act as the principal auditor. First inform management that an unqualified opinion cannot be issued.

Obtain a knowledge of matters that relate to the nature of the entity's business.

to test for unsupported entries in the journals, the direction of audit testing should be to the: Ledger entries. Journal entries. Original source documents. Financial statements.

Original source documents.

Which of the following would be least likely to be considered an audit planning procedure? Use an engagement letter. Develop the overall audit strategy. Perform the risk assessment. Develop the audit plan.

Perform the risk assessment.

The auditors are planning an audit engagement for a new client. The business of the client is unfamiliar to the auditors. Which of the following would be the most useful source of information for the auditors when they are trying to obtain a general understanding of audit problems that could be encountered? Client manuals of accounts and charts of accounts. AICPA Industry Audit Guides. Prior-year working papers of the predecessor auditors. Latest annual and interim financial statements issued by the client.

Prior-year working papers of the predecessor auditors.

Which of the following is not a required source of information for the auditors' assessment of fraud risk? Discussion among audit team members. Fraud risk factors. Results of tests of controls. Inquiry of management and others.

Results of tests of controls.

tests for unrecorded assets typically involve tracing from: Source documents to recorded journal entries. Source documents to observations. Recorded journal entries to documents. Recorded journal entries to observations.

Source documents to recorded journal entries.

Which of the following nonfinancial information would an auditor most likely consider in performing analytical procedures during risk assessment? Turnover of personnel in the factory. Objectivity of audit committee members. Square footage of selling space. Management's plans to repurchase stock.

Square footage of selling space.

To minimize the risk that the audit will not detect material misstatements in the financial statements, the auditor primarily relies on: Substantive procedures. Tests of controls. Internal control. Statistical analysis.

Substantive procedures.

Which portion of an audit is least likely to be completed before the balance sheet date? Tests of controls. Issuance of an engagement letter. Substantive procedures. Assessment of control risk.

Substantive procedures.

Which of the following is true? To best test completeness, an auditor would sample from the journals to the source documents Tests for unrecorded assets typically involve tracing from recorded journal entries to source documents To best test existence, an auditor would sample from the source documents to journals Tests for unrecorded assets typically involve tracing from source documents to journal entries

Tests for unrecorded assets typically involve tracing from source documents to journal entries

Which of the following topics is not normally included in an engagement letter? The auditors' level of materiality in planning the audit. The auditors' estimate of the fee for the engagement. Limitations on the scope of the engagement. A description of responsibility for the detection of fraud.

The auditors' level of materiality in planning the audit.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the auditor's determination of materiality for a public company audit? The planning level of materiality should normally be the larger of the amount considered for the balance sheet versus the income statement. The auditors' planning level of materiality may be disaggregated into smaller "tolerable misstatements" for the various accounts. Auditors may use various rules of thumb to arrive at an evaluation level of materiality, but not for determining the planning level of materiality. The amount used for the planning should equal that used for evaluation.

The auditors' planning level of materiality may be disaggregated into smaller "tolerable misstatements" for the various accounts.

the auditors must consider materiality in planning an audit engagement. Materiality for planning purposes is: The auditors' preliminary estimate of the largest amount of misstatement that would be material to any one of the client's financial statements. The auditors' preliminary estimate of the smallest amount of misstatement that would be material to any one of the client's financial statements. The auditors' preliminary estimate of the amount of misstatement that would be material to the client's balance sheet. An amount that cannot be quantitatively stated since it depends on the nature of the item.

The auditors' preliminary estimate of the smallest amount of misstatement that would be material to any one of the client's financial statements.

Which of the following statements is accurate about "fraud risk factors" considered when conducting an audit? If the factors are present, it indicates that fraud exists. The factors often have been observed in circumstances where frauds have occurred. The factors will require modification to planned audit procedures. The factors obtained during the audit will lead to required communications with the audit committee.

The factors often have been observed in circumstances where frauds have occurred.

Which of the following matters is generally included in an auditor's engagement letter? The financial accounting framework that will be applied. Factors to be considered in establishing preliminary judgments about materiality. Management's liability for all illegal acts committed by its employees. The auditor's responsibility to obtain negative assurance relating to non-compliance with laws and regulations.

The financial accounting framework that will be applied.

Which situation would most likely require special audit planning by the auditors? Some items of factory and office equipment do not bear identification numbers. Depreciation methods used on the client's tax return differ from those used on the books. Assets costing less than $500 are expensed even though the expected life exceeds one year. The investment portfolio has several complex financial instruments, such as deriviatives.

The investment portfolio has several complex financial instruments, such as deriviatives.

Which of the following situations would cause a CPA to not accept a new audit engagement? The prospective client has fired its prior auditor. The CPA lacks a thorough understanding of the prospective client's operations and industry. The CPA is unable to review the predecessor auditor's working papers due to a major fire that destroyed both hard and soft copy documentation. The prospective client is unwilling to make financial records available to the CPA.

The prospective client is unwilling to make financial records available to the CPA.

When a company has changed auditors, according to the Professional Standards: The successor auditor has the responsibility to initiate contact with the predecessor auditor to ask about the client before the engagement is accepted; the predecessor has no responsibility to initiate this contact, even when aware of matters bearing on the integrity of management. The predecessor must always respond fully to all inquiries made by the successor auditor. The successor must discuss with the predecessor matters bearing on the engagement prior to accepting the engagement. The successor may choose not to attempt any communication with the predecessor auditor.

The successor auditor has the responsibility to initiate contact with the predecessor auditor to ask about the client before the engagement is accepted; the predecessor has no responsibility to initiate this contact, even when aware of matters bearing on the integrity of management.

What is a potential successor auditor's responsibility for communicating with the predecessor auditors when dealing with a prospective new client? The successor auditors have no responsibility to contact the predecessor auditors. The successor auditors should obtain permission from the prospective client to contact the predecessor auditors. The successor auditors should contact the predecessors regardless of whether the prospective client authorizes contact. The successor auditors need not contact the predecessors if the successors are aware of all available relevant facts.

The successor auditors should obtain permission from the prospective client to contact the predecessor auditors.

an estimate of the time required to perform each step in the audit

Time budget

A successor auditor should always make inquiries of the predecessor auditor before accepting an audit engagement. The successor should specifically inquire about the predecessor's: Awareness of the consistency in the application of generally accepted accounting principles between accounting periods. Evaluation of all matters of continuing accounting significance. Opinion of any subsequent events occurring since the predecessor's audit report was issued. Understanding as to the reasons for the change of auditors.

Understanding as to the reasons for the change of auditors.

Which of the following is most likely to be an overall response to fraud risks identified in an audit? Only use certified public accountants on the engagement. Place increased emphasis on the audit of objective transactions rather than subjective transactions. Supervise members of the audit team less closely and rely more upon judgment. Use less predictable audit procedures.

Use less predictable audit procedures.

Determining that receivables are presented at net realizable value is most directly related to which management assertion? Existence. Rights. Valuation. Presentation and disclosure.

Valuation.

Which of the following procedures is not performed as a part of planning an audit engagement? Reviewing the working papers of the prior year. Developing an overall audit strategy. Verifying cutoff procedures. Designing an audit plan.

Verifying cutoff procedures.

Which of the following is not used by auditors to establish the completeness of recorded assets? Assessing control risk. Tracing from source documents to entries in the accounting records. Performing analytical procedures. Vouching transactions.

Vouching transactions.

The auditors' understanding established with a client should be confirmed through a(an): Oral communication with the client. Written communication with the client. Written or oral communication with the client. Completely detailed audit plan.

Written communication with the client.

Representations by management that are communicated, explicitly or implicitly, in the financial statements

assertions

A risk that threatens management's ability to achieve the organization's objectives.

business risk

The purpose of this document is to avoid misunderstandings between the auditors and the client.

engagement letter

An identified risk that requires special audit consideration.

significant risk