B 24-27

All open wounds are assumed to be ______ and present a risk of infection A) contaminated B) life-threatening C) minimal D) extensive

A.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of: Select one: A. intra-abdominal bleeding. B. rupture of a hollow organ. C. a ruptured spleen. D. a severe liver laceration.

A.

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury: Select one: A. should be assumed to be a sign of shock. B. indicates a state of decompensated shock. C. is always accompanied by hypotension. D. is most commonly caused by severe pain.

A.

Open soft-tissue wounds include all of the following EXCEPT: A) abrasions B) contusions C) lacerations D) avulsions

B

A female patient with a suspected head injury has slow, shallow breathing. The MOST appropriate treatment for her includes: Select one: A. administering oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. B. ventilation assistance to maintain an ETCO2 of 30 to 35 mm Hg. C. ventilation assistance to maintain an oxygen saturation of 90%. D. hyperventilating her at 30 breaths/min.

B.

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: Select one: A. nausea or vomiting. B. distention. C. diffuse bruising. D. referred pain.

B.

Burns are diffuse soft-tissue injuries created by destructive energy transfers from all of the following sources EXCEPT: A) thermal sources B) kinetic sources C) radiation sources D) electrical sources

B.

The skin regulates temperature in a cold environment by: A) secreting sweat through sweat glands B) constricting the blood vessels C) dilating the blood vessels D) increasing the amount of heat that is radiated from the body's surface

B.

Which of the following statements regarding the dermis is correct? Select one: A. The dermis lies above the germinal layer and provides protection. B. The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings. C. The dermis produces a substance that provides color to the skin. D. The cells of the dermis are worn away and are constantly replaced.

B.

An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. venous lacerations that occur within the brain. B. an injury caused by a damaged cerebral artery. C. bleeding between the skull and dura mater. D. bleeding between the dura mater and brain.

C.

More extensive closed injuries may involve significant swelling and bleeding beneath the skin which could lead to: A) compartment syndrome B) contamination C) hypovolemic shock D) hemothorax

C.

Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes: Select one: A. compression injuries and contusions to the anterior, posterior, and lateral aspects of the brain. B. primary impact to the posterior aspect of the brain, resulting in compression injuries, bruising, or torn blood vessels. C. compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain. D. stretching or tearing of the anterior aspect of the brain and compression injuries or bruising to the posterior aspect of the brain.

C.

The white portion of the eye is called the: Select one: A. cornea. B. retina. C. sclera. D. iris.

C.

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie: Select one: A. across the abdominal wall at the level of the diaphragm and below the hip joints. B. across the abdominal wall at the level of the umbilicus and against the hip joints. C. below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints. D. above the anterior posterior iliac spines of the pelvis and below the hip joints.

C.

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct? Select one: A. The posterior of a child's leg is equal to 13.5% of the BSA. B. The anterior arm in the adult is equal to 9% of the total BSA. C. The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA. D. A child's head is equal to 14% of his or her total BSA.

C.

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for: Select one: A. a thoracic spine fracture. B. anterior hip dislocation. C. fracture of the tibia or fibula. D. posterior hip dislocation.

D.

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should: Select one: A. perform a rapid head-to-toe exam and immobilize his spine. B. allow him to refuse transport if his vital signs remain stable. C. obtain a Glasgow Coma Score value and give him oxygen. D. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

D.

A hematoma can result from: A) a soft-tissue injury B) a fracture C) any injury to a large blood vessel D) all of the above

D.

A laceration may be: A) linear B) deep C) jagged D) all of the above

D.

Because shootings usually end up in court, it is important to factually and completely document: A) the circumstances surrounding any gunshot injury B) the patient's condition C) the treatment given D) all of the above

D.

Before you begin caring for a patient with an open wound, you should: A) survey the scene B) follow standard precautions C) be sure the patient has an open airway D) all of the above

D.

Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called a(n): Select one: A. subarachnoid hemorrhage. B. subdural hematoma. C. epidural hematoma. D. intracerebral hematoma.

D.

Burns may result from: A) heat B) toxic chemicals C) electricity D) all of the above

D.

Factors that can aid in determining the severity of a burn include: A) the depth of the burn B) the extent of the burn C) whether critical areas are involved D) all of the above

D.

Significant airway burns may be associated with: A) singeing of the hair within the nostrils B) hoarseness C) hypoxia D) all of the above

D.

Splinting an extremity even when there is no fracture can help to: A) reduce pain B) minimize damage to an already-injured extremity C) make it easier to move the patient D) all of the above

D.

The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the: Select one: A. cornea. B. sclera. C. retina. D. conjunctiva.

D.

The optic nerve endings are located within the: Select one: A. pupil. B. sclera. C. cornea. D. retina.

D.

Treatment of electrical burns includes: A) maintaining the airway B) monitoring the patient closely for respiratory or cardiac arrest C) splinting any suspected injuries D) all of the above

D.

Using elastic bandages to secure dressings may result in ______ if the injury swells or if the bandages are applied improperly A) additional tissue damage B) loss of a limb C) impaired circulation D) all of the above

D.