BADM 310 Exam I Study Guide

Which of the following methods suggests that people hold firmly to some belief because it is consistent with their own observations?

Method of experience

Which of the following are two of the methods by which people "know" things?

Method of experience and method of intuition (also authority and science)

Choose the method that suggests people accept some belief because studies have tended to replicate that result using a series of samples, settings, and methods.

Method of science

As a first step in defining required behaviors and tasks for different jobs, St. Jude could have used the online resource called

Occupational Information Network

Evaluating an employee's performance based on results alone provides the best picture of which employees are worth more to an organization.

False

The manager who toured London, Paris, and Italy to select cheeses to sell at Wegmans was then able to see the cheeses in the store and enjoyed by the customer. Seeing the product go from production all the way to the customer will lead to higher job satisfaction based on what core job characteristic?

Task identity

Which of these refers to the learning plans and problem-solving approaches used to achieve successful performance?

Task strategies

The roots of management science and research on organizational behavior include which of the following?

Taylorism (Frederick Taylor) and Human Relations Movement (initiated by Hawthorne Studies)

Engagement is a term commonly used in the contemporary workplace to summarize motivation levels.

True

Psychological contracts reflect employees' beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them.

True

The method of intuition states that people hold firmly to some belief because it "just stands to reason"—it seems obvious or self-evident.

True

Theory is defined as a collection of assertions—both verbal and symbolic—that specify how and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should (and should not) be related.

True

Which of the following is an example of a daily hassle?

office equipment malfunctions

Which of the following terms refers to the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization?

organizational commitment

When an employee is able to redefine their jobs in a proactive way, such as altering the boundaries of their jobs, the employee is engaged in

job crafting

A passive, constructive response to negative work events that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement is referred to as

loyalty

Performance appraisals now evaluate behaviors tailored to a particular job type. A major benefit of this change is

more informative feedback to employees

MBO is best in jobs for which

objective measures of performance can be quantified

Which of the following correlations indicates a perfect statistical relationship between two variables?

1

What is a SMART goal?

A goal that is specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and timebound

Which of the following statements concerning OB practices is not accurate?

A. It is easy to "fix" companies that struggle with OB issues B. No one thing, in and of itself, can increase profitability. C. Good OB does seem to matter in terms of company profitability. D. Effective OB management practices include a long-term commitment to improve those practices. E. OB requires a belief that several different practices are important.

Leora discovered she was getting a lower project grade than her project teammates, despite the fact that she worked as hard as anyone else. What could Leora do to restore her sense of equity?

Accept the idea that her contributions were not as valuable as those of her teammates

Employees who feel a sense of ________ commitment tend to engage in more interpersonal and organizational citizenship behaviors, such as helping, sportsmanship, and boosterism.

Affective

What must management scholars do if they are to use constructs to explain organizational behavior?

Agree on definitions and measurement

The management technique, known as ________, involves measuring performance by directly assessing job performance behaviors.

Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS)

Which of the following refers to generalizable knowledge regarding cause and effect connections derived from scientific methods?

Big E evidence

Anyone who talks to Maurice for more than a few minutes knows that he works for Ocean Bay Resorts, which he always maintains is the best vacation rental company in the country. In fact, Maurice has plenty of positive things to say about his employer, and if there are any negatives, no one would know it from talking to him. Maurice's behavior is an example of

Boosterism

Which part of expectancy theory overlaps with reinforcement theory?

Both say that a positive outcome is necessary for motivation

What is participation strategy?

By encouraging employee collaboration on setting proficiency level and due date for a major production goal, Gilbert is using the participation strategy. Participation is a strategy for fostering goal commitment where employees and leaders collaborate on setting the specific proficiency level and due date for a goal so that the employee feels a sense of ownership over the goal.

________ are stressful demands that are perceived as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievement.

Challenge stressors

________ describes voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place.

Citizenship behavior

________ commitment is defined as a desire to remain a member of an organization because of an awareness of the costs associated with leaving it.

Continuance

Lamar works for the United Bank at Madison. He feels overworked and dislikes his job, but cannot quit because he needs the job to repay his college loans. What type of commitment?

Continuane

_________ summarize the statistical relationships between variables

Correlations

Which of the following terms refers to the work and nonwork forces that bind us to our current employer?

Embeddedness

Leona started a new job, and says this about her first performance review: "They said my communication skills 'need improvement'. I guess I'll never be able to get that promotion I wanted." Her statement suggests Leona tends toward:

External locus of control

Motivation that is controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance is ________ motivation.

Extrinsic

In equity theory, ________ is the internal tension that is caused by an imbalance in the ratios.

Equity distress

What is equity theory?

Equity theory acknowledges that motivation doesn't just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances but also on what happens to other people.

The ________ model suggests that employees with fewer bonds will be most likely to quit the organization.

Erosion

________ represent the flip side of organizational commitment, both are withdrawal behaviors.

Exit and neglect

Meaningfulness is a concept in psychological empowerment that reflects a sense of choice in the initiation and continuation of work tasks.

False - Meaningfulness captures the value of a work goal or purpose, relative to a person's own ideals and passions.

Motivation determines the direction, intensity, and outcome of work-related employee effort.

False - Motivation determines the direction, intensity, and persistence of effort, but not the outcome.

The theories and concepts found in OB are drawn from two disciplines: human resources management and strategic management.

False - The theories and concepts found in OB are actually drawn from a wide variety of disciplines such as industrial and organizational psychology, social psychology, and anthropology. Models from economics are used to understand motivation, learning, and decision making. This diversity brings a unique quality to the study of OB.

Which of the following is an example of meta-analysis?

Fionn combined several studies, each using different kinds of samples and measures, to determine the cause of employee turnover

Which is an example of impact, according to the psychological empowerment framework?

Having control over a hiring decision

Rafi constantly complains about his job. When his friends tell him he should just quit, he says he doesn't think there's a better job that would fit his schedule and besides, he doesn't have the time to look for a new job right now. Rafi has:

High continuance commitment - he NEEDS to stay

Venia, who often relies on the method of authority, has to make an important decision about marketing a product. Which of the following would she most likely do?

Hire an ad agency because her boss recommended it

In the integrative model, ability—which includes cognitive abilities, emotional skills, and physical abilities—is classified as a(n)

Individual characteristic

Management by Objectives is an appraisal method that focusing on evaluating employees based on

Individualized performance goals

Blake is determined to finish a building project for Mr. Hicks before the deadline. Blake is certain that if he successfully performs this building project, Mr. Hicks will hire him as a permanent builder for his expanding condominium business. Blake's belief demonstrates

Instrumentality - represents the belief that successful performance will result in some outcome(s).

The two main categories of citizenship behavior are

Interpersonal and organizational

According to the job characteristics model, which is the more motivating internship?

Join a team that is responsible for a product or project, let them meet the clients, and learn how to contribute

________ captures the value of a work goal or purpose, relative to a person's own ideals and passions.

Meaningfulness

Which of these takes all the correlations found in studies of a particular relationship and calculates a weighted average of them?

Meta-analysis

Of the following methods, which suggests that people hold firmly to some belief because some respected official, agency, or source has said it is so?

Method of authority

Which of these individual mechanisms captures the energetic forces that drive employees' work efforts?

Motivation

Which is NOT a part of job performance?

Motivation (correct: task performance, citizenship behavior, counterproductive work)

A desire to remain a member of an organization due to a feeling of obligation is called ________ commitment.

Normative

What's the difference between a graphic rating scale and a behaviorally anchored rating scale?

One rates a single set of behaviors (e.g., exceeds, meets, does not meet - graphic), the other lists specific behaviors for each rating (behavior)

Of the following, which is primary individual outcome according to the integrative model?

Organizational commitment

Norcraft, Inc. usually moves new employees to a higher position within a year and fills most of its higher-level positions internally, resulting in a satisfied workforce as well as cost saving through lower turnover of employees. Which facet of job satisfaction has Norcraft fostered?

Promotion satisfaction

Of the three, which factor is consistently more important for job satisfaction?

Quality of supervision/senior leadership

Both Microsoft and its employees can gain from the new evaluation system if employees are more loyal in return for positive support from the company. This can be called a

Relational contract

________ contracts are based on a broader set of open-ended and subjective obligations than ________ contracts.

Relational, transactional

Your friend is having trouble keeping up their classes, work, and other obligations. What is the source of their stress?

Role overload, because they can't meet all the expectations people have of them

Which of these motivation theories is the most useful tool for motivating people to go "above the beyond" and deliver outstanding performance over a long period of time?

Self determination theory

Bernadette would like to generate intrinsic motivation in her employees because she feels it will ultimately lead to better performance. Which of the following outcomes would foster the intrinsic motivation she wants?

Skill development - Outcomes such as enjoyment, skill development, and personal expression, are self-generated, originating in the mere act of performing the task. These outcomes foster intrinsic motivation—motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward.

Which of the following is a consequence of high job identity?

The employee feels annoyed about not getting a job finished.

Who does job-crafting?

The employee themselves

According to reinforcement theory (aka learning theory), what does a manager need to know in order to motivate an employee?

The employee's expectations of the consequences of their actions

Which of the following is true about goal setting theory?

The theory argues that specific, difficult goals are best

What's the most likely reason people don't negotiate I-Deals?

They are not comfortable approaching their boss

You hear a student say, "This class is pointless. I have to force myself to do the reading and homework because none of this material is relevant to me. I can't see when I would ever need to know it after the exam." Which inference makes the most sense with respect to self-determination theory?

This student is experiencing controlled motivation

Which core business function does not require management?

Trick question; all core business functions require management

A manager's behavior can affect their employee's motivation

True

According to expectancy theory, motivational force equals zero if expectancy, instrumentality, or valence is zero.

True

________ is the anticipated value of the outcomes associated with performance.

Valence

An active, constructive response to a negative work situation in which individuals attempt to improve the situation, is referred to as

Voice

When does stress actually help performance?

When a person believes they have the ability to rise to the challenge

Which of the following is specifically identified with job significance?

a sense of value to society

The factors that increase normative commitment include

a sense that the organization has invested in the employee

According to the Rule of One-Eight,

at best, 12% of organizations will actually do what is required to build profits by putting people first

Which of the following stressors is likely to trigger negative emotions such as anxiety and anger?

daily hassles

Under management by objectives (MBO), employees meet with their manager in order to

develop a set of mutually agreed-upon objectives that are measurable and specific.

Under the behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) system, critical incidents are short descriptions of ________ employee performance.

effective and ineffective behaviors used to create a measure for evaluating

The transactional theory of stres

explains how stressors are perceived and appraised (primary), as well as how people respond to those perceptions and appraisals (secondary)

Amanda and her team are about to begin performing a job analysis for the position of structural engineer at their firm. The very first thing they should do is

generate a list of activities involved with the job, using data collected through observations, surveys, and interviews.

Motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward is ________ motivation.

intrinsic

Increasing the focus on employee development can also increase employee beliefs that Microsoft values their contributions, creating

perceived organizational support

In response to a forced ranking system, some high-performing employees may quit the company and work for a competitor, a form of

physical withdrawal (quitting)

When people first encounter stressors, the process of ________ is triggered.

primary appraisal

Well-known responses to normal job demands that occur in a predictable way are a part of

routine task performance

One way that Wegman's increases the effects of task variety and autonomy on job satisfaction is by making sure that employees have

required knowledge and skill

Linda has been hired by Doctor Patel to oversee a fast-paced, innovative medical office. It is a highly difficult, but well-paid job. Linda believes she has the skills and experiences to easily handle the task and improve the efficiency of the office. Linda's belief in her capabilities is known as

self-efficacy

Work that provides nontangible goods to customers through direct electronic, verbal, or physical interaction defines

service work

The field of organizational behavior primarily draws theories from:

social sciences disciplines, including psychology and sociology

Negative consequences that occur when demands tax or exceed a person's capacity or resources are called _______.

strains

The ________ syndrome is characterized by anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt that affects the employees who remain with an organization after a downsizing.

survivor

The explicit obligations that an employee must fulfill to receive compensation and continued employment are referred to as

task performance

When examining job performance, behaviors that contribute positively to the organization fall into which two broad categories?

task performance and citizenship behavior

Goal commitment is defined as

the degree to which a person accepts a goal and is determined to try to reach it. When goal commitment is high, assigning specific and difficult goals will have significant benefits for task performance.

___________ is defined as a collection of assertions that specify how and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should and should not be related.

theory

Kelli is about to deliver an important presentation on her highly innovative efficiency technique at an internationally recognized business conference. Just minutes before she is to go on stage, Kelli gets nervous and cannot remember half of her talking points. Her boss speaks to her, reminding her that she works everyday with the information she plans to communicate, which helps shore up her confidence. Kelli then makes a presentation that earns her a standing ovation. Which of the following considerations dictated Kelli's self-efficacy?

verbal persuasion

Some people react to bad rules or policies by constructively trying to change them instead of passively complaining about them. This positive characteristic is known as

voice

Which of the following describes the relationship between challenge stressors and job performance?

weak positive correlation (moderate relationship with organizational commitment)

The set of actions that employees perform to avoid the work situation that may eventually culminate in the employee quitting the organization are referred to as ________ behavior.

withdrawal