Basic Aspects of Aging: Lesson 1

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biological aging

(physiological) changes reduce the efficiency of organ systems, such as the lungs, heart, and circulatory system

chronic disease

a disease that persists over a long period of time; disease may be progressive, resulting in complete of partial disability

population aging

a global phenomenon, taking place in nearly every country in every part of the world

cohort

a group of individuals sharing a common characteristic and observed over time in a group

geriatrics

a speciality within the health professions that is concerned with prevention or management of disease that may occur as individuals age

oldest-old

anyone 85 years or older; this age group composes only about 1% of the total U.S. population

birth cohort

used to describe groups of people who were born at approximately the same time and therefore share many common life experiences

cross-sectional study

compares people of different chronological ages at the same measurement period

social aging

comprises an individual's changing roles and relationships with family, friends, and other informal roles such as work and volunteering

chronological aging

definition of aging based on a person's years lived from birth

psychological aging

encompasses alterations that occur in cognitive abilities, emotions and adaptive capacity, and personality

crossover effect

example: life expectancy at birth, by race and sex in the U.S. African American's shorter life expectancy due to health care disparities; however those who reach 75 yrs are more robust and live longer than whites

centenarians

individuals who have reached 100 years of age

super centenarians

individuals who have reached 110 years of age or more

social gerontology

multidisciplinary study of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging

compression of morbidity

premature death is minimized because disease and functional declines are compressed into a brief period of 3-5 years before death

dependency ratio

refers to the number of people age 65 and older to every 100 people of traditional working age

skipped generation households

relating to a household in which grandparents are the primary or sole caregiver for their grandchildren

longitudinal study

research method where measurements of the same person over a specific period of time (years)

sequential designs

research method; three types 1) cohort-sequential: longitudinal design, 2+ cohorts are followed for a period of time so that measurements are taken of different cohorts at the same age but at different points in time 2) time sequential: used to distinguish between age and time of measurement or historical factor 3) cross-sequential: combines cross-sectional and longitudinal designs

filial piety

seen in Asian culture; emphasizes the importance of being good and compassionate to one's elders and to honor one's ancestors

demographics

studies changes in human population over time

life expectancy

the average length of time one could expect to live if one were born in a particular year and if death rates were to remain constant

active life expectancy

the average number of years of life in an independent state, free from significant disability

rectangulization of the survival curve

the ideal situation where all people would survive to the maximum life span

baltimore longitudinal study of aging

the largest and longest-running longitudinal study

maximum life span

the length of years a given species could expect to live if all environmental hazards were eliminated

modernization theory

the transformation of a society from a relatively rural way of life toward an urban way, with highly differentiated institutions and individual roles

life course perspective

understanding older adulthood as part of a continuity of human development across a life span


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