Basic Researches

item

A single indicator of a variable is called

the relationship disappears when the effects of other variables are taken into account

A spurious relationship is one in which:

an observation that is assumed to be evidence of the attributes or properties of something

An "indicator" in both research and practice is best defined as

less structured...more time

As a general rule, the __________ are the data in a research project, the ___________ will be needed to analyze them

less structured...more time

As a general rule, the __________ are the data in a research project, the ___________ will be needed to analyze them.

During the discussion of this class, i have realized that this course is more than an basic research class.The difference between applied and basic research is that applied research is "applied with a practice" and basic research " fills in the knowledge that we don't have". Reading the syllabus we have more than knowledge we need to know/understand and in the syllabus we have a plan. During this class we will have "theories,testing of hypotheses, sampling, data collection, measurement,elementary statistical analysis", and information gathered to support each and everyone that we create. This will also help real life problems and/or "some group or society". Basic research is used but overall this course is primary applied research.

As explained in class going over the syllabus, what is the difference between BASIC and APPLIED research? Is this course primarily BASIC research or APPLIED research?

It involves questions that are not scientific in nature It is financially impractical It is ethically impractical

During the problem formulation stage of research, a research problem might be found unacceptable because

There are two major types of research. Qualitative research generates hypothesis and theories, while quantitative research tests theories. It is important to test theories because theories are basically just ideas with no factual backing. Theories are merely possible explanations. While testing theories does not "prove" them per say, it separates the plausible from the likely false. Through the testing of a theory, scientists are able to gather evidence to support or reject a theory. Deductive reasoning is used to test theories.

How do theories get tested? Talk about the type of research involved (according to the diagram in class), and the type of reasoning that is used. Include why it is important to test theory.

true

If we collect data about the average characteristics of households and then draw conclusions about the characteristics of individuals in those households, we would most likely be committing an ecological fallacy

True

If we collect data about the average characteristics of households and then draw conclusions about the characteristics of individuals in those households, we would most likely be committing an ecological fallacy.

Longitudinal research

If you wanted to study changes in the ways in which children who were born deaf adapt to their handicap at different ages, the preferred research method to use would be

True

In a study of one community mental health agency to investigate the impact of heavy caseloads on client satisfaction, the unit of analysis would be the individual clients.

true

In a study of one community mental health agency to investigate the impact of heavy caseloads on client satisfaction, the unit of analysis would be the individual clients.

Most research on AIDS has been conducted on men

In regard to the research that has been conducted on AIDS, the text reports that

faulty scientific methodology

In the example of the bite expert, people went to jail because of

True

One good source of new research problems is in the the articles that are published, which usually include in the discussion or conclusion recommendations for future research.

practitioners need to assess the validity and reliability of things they measure

Research in Practice 5.2 concludes that

basic research

Research whose purpose is to advance our knowledge with little concern for any immediate, practical benefits is called

Realiability

Subject to random error

inferring something about individuals based on data collected about groups

The "ecological fallacy" would be best defined as

inductive

The development of new theory tends to be a(n) ________ process:

Units of analysis

The elements whose characteristics we wish to describe or explain and about which data will be collected are called

control group vs. experimental group

The group from which some treatment is withheld is called:

interval/ratio

The level of measurement that will allow researchers to perform the most precise arithmetic operations on the number is

scales enable us to measure many variables at the same time rather than just a single variable

The major reason for using a scale for measurement rather than a single item is that

False

The most complicated argument for credibility of findings is that they are reasonable and plausible.

there are strong parallels between the conduct of research and the conduct of practice.

The notion that scientific research and human service practice are totally distinct enterprises is disappearing because

True

The positivist approach to science is consistent with the belief that science tries to use objective techniques to discover a world that exists independently of the scientists' perceptions.

Too much passion about an issue could bias the research

The professor suggested that one danger in selecting a research problem based on personal interest or experience is that

Cross-sectional research

The type of research that is intended to provide a single snapshot in time of some phenomenon is called

Reasonable and Plausible

The weakest argument for the credibility of findings is

face validity

The weakest demonstration of validity would be given by

the researcher must rule out rival explanations for the change in Y.

To infer causality, which of the following must be present:

Scientific conclusions are always accepted as tentative and subject to question and possible refutation

To say that science is provisional means that

Some researchers argue that social outrage against Nazi racism forbids using the data Some argue that the data should be used if it is valid and reliable

What stance is taken by researchers today over the Nazi era research?

Delay giving the treatment to the control group for a period that will allow appropriate comparisons to be made.

Which of the following are ways of avoiding the ethical problem of withholding treatment from a control group without imperiling the scientific integrity of the research?

The people directly available to you are generally representative of those about whom you wish to draw conclusions

Which of the following is NOT stated in the text as a limitation of experiential knowledge?

Potential research participants should be told about any risk of harm and all aspects of the research that might reasonably influence their decision to participate.

Which of the following is the best statement of "informed consent" in social research?

It is a problem for all scientific research

Which of the following is true of reactivity?

a valid measure is generally a reliable one

Which of the following is true regarding validity and reliability?

It is based on custom, habit, and repetition

Which of the following statements gives the best definition of traditional knowledge?

as the value of X decreases, the value of Y decreases

Which of the following statements indicates a positive relationship between the variables X and Y?

It is designed with a practical outcome in mind It is mostly concerned with the advancement of our knowledge about human behavior

Which of the following statements is true of applied research?

A study of the reasons why juvenile delinquency occurs in a community

Which of the following would be the BEST illustration of explanatory research?

a comparison of shock incarceration versus traditional prison sentences or probation.

Which of the following would be the best illustration of evaluation research?

a study whose goal is to project how many children will suffer from malnourishment if funding for some social program is reduced.

Which of the following would most clearly be an illustration of predictive research?

because it appears that confidentiality might be violated

Why is it that asking people's written informed consent to participate in a research project reduces the likelihood that they will agree to participate?

Error that is consistent and patterned is called

systematic error

Has been gained via the research process.

According to the approach to human-service practice known as "evidence-based practice," the best evidence for use in practice is that which:

A strategy for intervention that will be effective in alleviating the personal or social problems confronting a client

As used in the social and behavioral sciences, the term "social research" includes all of the following EXCEPT

both reliable AND valid

Researchers should strive for measures that are

Validity

The accuracy of a measure is referred to as its

problem formulation

The first step in conducting social research is

peer review

The next few questions are based on the video "Junk Science." The example of nuclear fusion illustrated the value of

How access to power and resources influences what problems are researched

When the text refers to the politics of research problem selection, it is referring to

Cross-sectional research

Which of the following types of research would generally be cheaper and faster to conduct?

proper and improper behavior

Ethics have to do with all of the following EXCEPT

Firsthand, personal observations of events

Experiential knowledge is based on

True

One good source of new research problems is in the the articles that are published, which usually include in the discussion or conclusion recommendations for future research

False

One weakness of concurrent validity is that it depends on the subjective opinions of judges.

false

When using a measurement tool with members of a minority group, most scales can now be used without adjustment because standardized tests are culture free.

all aspects of the research are carefully planned in advance and nothing is done in a casual fashion.

When we say that social research is systematic, we mean that