Basics of APA Style Tutorial

How do you number the pages of your manuscript?

consecutively starting with page 1

Describe the format for the five levels of heading in APA Journals?

1. Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading ("title case") 2. Flush Left, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading 3. Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading (the first letter of the first word is uppercase and the remaining words are lowercase) ending with a period. 4. Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. 5. Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.

How does the International DOI Foundation (IDF) define DOI?

A digital identifier for any object of intellectual property.

What type face can you use for the text of your manuscript?

A serif typeface, such as "Times New Roman."

How do you cite references in text?

APA Style uses the author-date citation system. To insert a citation in text, include the author's surname and year of publication. For a direct quotation, include the page number or specific location of the phrase or sentences in the original work.

Which citations should be listed in the reference list?

All except personal communications and classical works

What type face can you use for figure labels?

A sans serif typeface, sucha s Arial.

What are some tips on formatting a reference to a conference proceeding?

• To cite proceedings that are published regularly, use the same format as for a periodical. • To cite proceedings that are published in book form, use the same format as for a chapter in an edited book. • See page 25 of APA Style Tutorial for examples.

What are some tips on formatting references to journal articles?

• Type the article title in sentence case and the journal title in title case. • Italicize the journal title and volume number. • Include the issue number in parentheses if the journal is paginated by issue. • Type the DOI in the format shown in the first example on page 21. Do not put a period at the end of the DOI or URL. • See page 21 of Basics of APA Style Tutorial for examples.

What are some tips on formatting a reference to an entire book?

• Type the title of the book in sentence case and in italics. Capitalize the first word following a colon or end punctuation in the title. • If you cited an electronic book, give information about the format in square brackets after the title. • For electronic books, give the DOI or URL in place of publisher location and name. •See page 24 of APA Style Tutorial for examples.

For scholarly articles, what kinds of references are most common?

• journal articles • entire issue of a journal • chapter in an edited book • entire book • conference proceedings

How do you cite the first and subsequent citations (parenthetical format) in text for various type of citations?

• one author: (Walker, 2007) • two authors: (Walker & Allen, 2004) • three authors: 1st--(Ramirez, Bradley, & Soo, 1999); 2nd--(Ramirez et al., 1999) • four authors: same format as three except with four authors • five authors same format as four except with five authors • six or more authors: (Wasserstein et al., 2005) • Groups (abbreviation) as authors: 1st--(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2003); 2nd--(NIMH, 2003) • Groups (no abbreviation): (University of Pittsburgh, 2005)

What is APA Style used for?

• term papers • research reports • empirical studies • literature reviews • theoretical articles • case studies

What mechanical details do you pay attention to when you format your paper in APA Style?

• typeface • line spacing • margins • page headers

Give examples of a reference citation in text.

1. Kessler (2003) found that among epidemiological samples... 2. Early onset results in a more persistent and severe course (Kessler, 2003). 3. In 2003, Kessler's study of epidemiological samples showed that...

Which components do references contain?

• author name or names • publication date • title of the work • publication data

What are the main sections that APA research papers are divided into?

• Title page • Abstract • Introduction • Method • Results • Discussion • References • Appendices

How do you order the reference list?

By the author's surname, or first author's surname if there is more than one author.

What kind of indentation do you use for a manuscript?

Indent the first line of every paragraph one-half inch.

APA Style was developed by whom and for what purpose?

It was developed by social and behavioral scientists to standardize scientific writing

Give an example of a reference list item.

Mikulincer, M., Gerber, H., & Weisenberg, M. (1990). Judgement of control and depression: The role of self-esteem threat and self-focused attention. Cognitive Therapy and Research(italics), 14(italics), 589-608.

What is the purpose of headings?

They help readers find key points of your paper and track the development of your thoughts.

What is the purpose of a reference list?

To help readers find the sources you used. Therefore, the reference list should be as accurate and complete as possible.

How do you format the reference list?

Use the hanging indent style. Double-space the entire reference list

What are some tips on formatting a reference to a chapter in an edited book?

• After the chapter title type "In", the editor's name, the abbreviation "Ed." in parentheses, and then the title of the book in italics. • Give the page numbers in parentheses after the book title. • See page 23 of APA Style Tutorial for an example.

What are some tips on formatting a reference to an entire issue of a journal?

• Give the editors of the issue and the title of the issue. • If the issue has no editors, move the issue title to the author position and alphabetize the reference entry by the first significant word in the title. • These tips are also applicable tor formatting a reference to a special section. • See page 22 of APA Style Tutorial for an example.

What are the general guidelines when you are citing a source you found on the web or in an electronic database?

• Make sure the version you are citing is the most recent one. • Include journal volume number and inclusive page numbers if this information is available. • Type or copy and paste the article DOI and place it at the end of the reference. • if there is no DOI, cite the home page URL.

In what order do you put the pages of your manuscript?

• Page 1, Title page • Page 2, Abstract • Page 3, Beginning of text • References begin on a new page after the last page of text • Each table begins on a new page after the References • Each figure begins on a new page after the Tables Include the figure caption on the same page as the figure. • Each appendix begins on a new page

What are the general guidelines for writing about groups with accuracy and sensitivity?

1. Describe at the appropriate level of specificity. 2. Be sensitive to labels 3. Acknowledge participation.

In reducing bias in language, how do you describe at the appropriate level of specificity?

1. For example, if your paper mentions at-risk children, be specific about the risks: Not specific--at risk-children, specific--children at risk for early school dropout 2. Marital status, sexual orientation, racial and ethnic identity or the fact that a person has a disability should only be mentioned if relevant.

What is a DOI?

A digital object identifier is a permanent digital identifier given to an object. Its most common application is identifying electronic documents.

How do you cite the first and subsequent citations in text for various type of citations?

• One author: Walker (2007) • two authors: Walker and Allen (2004) • three authors: 1st--Ramirez, Bradley, and Soo (1999); 2nd--Ramirez et al. (1999) • four authors: same format as three except with four authors • five authors: same format as four except with five authors • six or more authors: Wasserstein et al. (2005) • Groups (readily identified through abbreviation) as authors: 1st--National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2003); 2nd--NIMH (2003) • Groups (no abbreviation) as authors: University of Pittsburgh (2005)

What kinds of material can writers include in their reference lists?

• dissertations • podcasts • book reviews • archival material • etc.

How do you align the text of a manuscript?

Align the text to the left-hand margin, leaving a "ragged" right margin.

How do you cite two or more works together?

Arrange the in-text citations alphabetically in the same order in which they appear in the reference list. For example: 1. Training materials are available (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001, 2003) Past research (Gogel, 1990, 2006, in press) 2. Several studies (Derryberry & Reed, 2005a, 2005b, in press-a; Rothbart, 2003a, 2003b) 3. Several studies (Miller, 1999; Shafranske & Mahoney, 1998)

In reducing bias in language, how do we be sensitive to labels?

Call people what they prefer to be called, keeping in mind that these preferences can change over time

When do you cite references in text?

Cite the work of those individuals whose ideas, theories, or findings have directly influenced your work, even if you are paraphrasing or describing someone else's idea.

How are headings levels used?

Consecutively. If your paper has three heading levels, use Levels 1,2,3.

What kind of spacing do you use for a manuscript?

Double-space the entire thing. Double-space between lines of body text and titles, headings, and block quotations. Double-space the reference list and figure captions.

In reducing bias in language, how do we acknowledge participation?

When you write about the roles of individuals in an experiment, use language that portrays them as active participants rather than passive recipients of the experiment. For example, choose phrases such as "The students completed the survey," instead of "The survey was administered to the students."