Basis of Human Movement Ch 8, 9 and 10 review
What bone is a sesamoid (floating) bone contained within the quadriceps muscles group and the patellar tendon?
Patella bone
The muscles whose main purpose is to evert the foot is the what?
Peroneus longus and brevis
The sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all join together distally to form a tendinous expansion known as what?
Pes anserinus
How many degrees of plantar flexion and dorsi flexion does the ankle joint allow?
Plantar flexion - 50 degrees Dorsi flexion - 15-20 degrees
What is knee extension?
The straightening or increasing angle between femur and lower leg
What is a sprained ankle?
The stretching or tearing of one or more ligaments
Along with the tibia and fibula, what else makes up the mortise of the ankle?
The talus bone
What does vasti refer to?
The three separate skeletal muscles located in the thigh
What is the difference in Q angles between men and women?
There is a 5 degree discrepancy
At birth and during growth and development, there are 3 distinct bones. what happens to those bones during maturity
They are fused to form one pelvic bone
What do the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments do?
They provide anterior and posterior stability of the knee joint as well as its rotary stability.
What is dorsiflexion?
This is the lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin Ex: Standing on your heels
Which 4 ankle and foot muscles are located in the anterior compartment?
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallicus longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius
Which 4 ankle and foot muscles are the dorsiflexors?
Tibialis anterior Fibularis (peroneus) tertius Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus
Which 4 ankle and foot muscles are the invertors?
Tibialis anterior Tibialis posteror Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallicus longus
The tibia and fibula form what kind of joint?
Tibiofibular joint
What bones/landmarks/joints make up the Proximal group of the foot?
Trochlear surface of talus Talus Subtalar joint Tuberosity of clacaneus Calcaneus Calcaneal tubercle
What is inversion of the foot?
Turning the ankle and foot inward
What are the differences between the upper extremity and lower extremity?
Upper - Not designed to bear weight Smaller muscles Smaller bones Less ROM Lower - Designed to bear weight Bigger muscles Bigger bones Greater ROM
What areas is the pelvic bone split up into?
Upper 2/5ths - ilium Posterior and lower 2/5ths - ischium Anterior and lower 1/5th - pubis
What part of the tibia serves as the insertion for the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus?
Upper anteromedial surface of the tibia
What muscle is the primary mover for TKE (terminal knee extension)?
VMO
The muscle responsible for the last 10-15 degrees of full knee extension is the what?
VMO (Vastus Medius Obliques)
What are the 2 functions of the knee joint
Weight bearing Locomotion
What is, where is, and what does the iliofemoral ligament (y ligament) do?
What - It's a ligament of the hip joint Where - It extends from the ilium to the femur in front of the joint Action - It prevents hyper extension
What is, where is, and what does the pubofemoral ligament do?
What - ligament of the hip joint Where - Located on the anterior aspect of the hip joint Action - limits excessive extension and abduction
What is knee flexion?
When the knee angle decreases with leg (tibia) moving posteriorly in sagittal plane
What are the 5 important ligaments of the foot?
-Anterior talofibular ligament -Posterior talofibular ligament -Calcaneofibular ligament -Anterior tibiofibular ligament -Posterior tibiofibular ligament
What are the 4 compartments in the lower leg?
-anterior compartment -lateral compartment -superficial posterior compartment -deep posterior compartment
What is the ROM of hip flexion?
0-130 degrees
What is the ROM of knee flexion?
0-150 degrees
What is the ROM of hip adduction?
0-30 degrees
What is the ROM of hip extension?
0-30 degrees
What is the ROM of hip abduction?
0-35 degrees
What is the ROM of hip internal rotation?
0-45 degrees
What is the ROM of external rotation?
0-50 degrees
How many muscles are found in the hip joint and pelvic girdle?
17 muscles
How many large muscles are in the foot?
19 muscles
How many bones are in the foot?
26 bones
How much can the fibula rotate on its axis with dorsi flexion of the ankle?
3-5 degrees
How much can the fibula rotate on its axis with plantar flexion of the ankle?
3-5 degrees
What is the anterior inferior iliac spine? (AIIS)
A bony prominence, from which the direct head of the rectus femoris and the ilio-capsularis muscles originate and is situated superior and antero-medial to the most lateral point on the acetabular rim.
What is pronation of the foot?
A combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction
What is supination of the foot?
A combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction
What is left lateral pelvic rotation?
A lateral pelvic tilt is when the pelvis shifts side to side, so much that one hip is higher than the other.
The tibiofibular joint is what kind of joint?
A syndesmotic amphiarodial joint
What does vastus mean?
great or huge
What is hip extension?
hip angle decreases with thigh moving backwards in towards sagittal plane
What 2 muscles make up the Iliopsoas?
iliacus and psoas major
What is left transverse pelvic rotation?
in horizontal plane pelvis rotates to body's left; right iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to left iliac crest, which moves posteriorly
What is right transverse pelvic rotation?
in horizontal plane pelvis rotates to body's right; left iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to right iliac crest, which moves posteriorly
What does tensor refer to?
it refers to a muscle that stretches a part or makes it tense.
Which meniscus has a closed C configuration?
lateral meniscus
How many ligaments are in the foot?
more than 100
What is hip diagonal abduction?
movement of femur in a diagonal plane away from midline of body
What is hip diagonal adduction?
movement of femur in a diagonal plane toward midline of body
What is hip abduction?
movement of femur laterally to side away from midline
What is hip adduction?
movement of femur medially toward midline
What is hip flexion?
movement of femur straight anteriorly toward pelvis
What is hip horizontal abduction?
movement of the femur in a horizontal or transverse plane away from the pelvis
What is hip horizontal adduction?
movement of the femur in a horizontal or transverse plane towards the pelvis
What is toe extension?
movement of toes away from plantar surface of foot
What is toe flexion?
movement of toes toward plantar surface of foot
What is lumbar lordosis?
Excessive curvature of lower back / someone who has excessive anterior pelvic rotation
What is the primary functions of the 10 muscles of the gluteal region?
Extend and rotate the hip
What 2 muscles are toe extensors?
Extensor digitorum longus Extensor digitorum hallicus
The _______ is the longest bone in the body
Femur
Which 2 ankle and foot muscles are located in the lateral compartment?
Fibualris (peroneus) longus Fibularis (peroneus) bervis
Which 4 ankle and foot muscles are the evertors?
Fibularis (peroneus) longus Fibularis (peroneus) brevis Fibularis (peroneus) tertius Extensor digitorum longus
in the downward phase of the knee-bend exercise, the movement at the hips and knees is what kind of movement?
Flexion
Which 4 ankle and foot muscles are located in the deep posterior compartment?
Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallicus longus Tibialis posterior Popliteus
What is the Toe-off position in the stance phase?
Foot returns to supination and the leg returns to external rotation
What muscle has 2 heads; a medial and lateral head and is located on the posterior side of the lower leg?
Gastrocnemius
Which 8 ankle and foot muscles are the plantar flexors?
Gastrocnemius Flexor digitorum lonngus Flexor Hallucis longus Fibularis (peroneus) longus Fibularis (peroneus) brevis Plantaris Soleus Tibialis posterior
Which 4 ankle and foot muscles are located in the superficial posterior compartment?
Gastrocnemius (medial head) Gastrocnemius (lateral head) Soleus Plantaris
The knee joint proper (or tibiofemoral joint) is classified as what kind of joint?
Ginglymus Joint
What are the 5 posterior muscles that primarily extend the hip?
Gluteus maximus Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus External rotators (6 deep)
10 muscles in the gluteal region
Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimi Tensor fasciae latae 6 deep external rotators (Piriformis, Obturator externus, Obturator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, and quadratus femoris)
What are the 4 lateral muscles that primarily abduct the hip?
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus External rotators Tensor fasciae latae
The _____ ______ is the point of insertion for all of the gluteal muscles and 5 of the 6 deep external rotators
Greater trochanter
What is another name for the hip adductor muscles?
Groin muscles
What is another name for the big toe?
Hallicus
What part of the fibia is the primary locomotion of the biceps femoris?
Head of fibia
What 3 components is the stance phase of walking split up into?
Heel-strike Midstance Toe-off
The knee is primarily what kind of joint?
Hinge joint
Right transverse pelvic rotation and left transverse pelvic rotation occur in which planes?
Horizontal or transverse planes of motion
The muscles of the pelvis that act on the hip joint may be divided into 2 regions. What are the names of the 2 regions?
Iliac and gluteal region
What are the 4 anterior muscles that primarily flex the hip?
Iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas) Pectineus Rectus femoris Sartorius
What 3 bones is the pelvic bone made up of?
Ilium bone Ischium bone Pubis bone
What is right lateral pelvic flexion?
In a lateral or sideways pelvic tilt, one side of the pelvis appears higher than the other. It results when the pelvis shifts side to side, making one hip higher than the other.
What 3 phases can the swing phase be broken up into?
Initial swing Midswing Terminal swing
How many degrees of inversion and eversion does the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints allow
Inversion - 20-30 degrees Eversion - 5-15 degrees
What does the SI joint do?
It absorbs shock between the upper body and the pelvis and legs.
What is the heel-strike position in the stance phase?
It is characterized by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external rotation
Distally the ______ serves as a major bony landmark to which all 4 quadriceps muscles attach and ultimately insert on the _____ __________ via the patella tendon
patella, tibial tuberosity
What is posterior pelvic rotation?
posterior movement of upper pelvis; iliac crest tilts backward in a sagittal plane; posterior tilt
What is the anterior superior iliac spine? (ASIS)
It is the anterior extremity of the iliac crest of the pelvis. This is a key surface landmark, and easily palpated. It provides attachment for the inguinal ligament, the sartorius muscle, and the tensor fasciae latae muscle.
What is the swing phase of walking?
It occurs when the foot leaves the ground and the leg moves forward to another point of contact
What does magnus refer to?
It refers to large in size
What does lata refer to?
It refers to the deep fascia of the thigh.
What is the posterior superior iliac spine? (PSIS)
It's a projection from the posterior of the crest. It is an attachment point for the posterior sacroiliac ligament and multifidus muscle.
What is the posterior inferior iliac spine? (PIIS)
It's a projection on the posterior margin of the ilium that is situated below the posterior superior iliac spine and is separated from it by a notch. — called also posterior inferior spine.
What is the largest joint in the body?
Knee joint (hinge joint)
Which nerves consist of the lumbar plexus?
L1-L5
What is the piece of cartilage found in the pelvis?
Labrum
Is the knee the largest or smallest joint in the body?
Largest
What is the name of the distal end of the fibula?
Lateral malleolus
Which menisci is O shaped?
Lateral menisci
Right and left pelvic rotation occur in which planes?
Lateral or front plane
Posteriorly the ______ ______ serves as the insertion for the hip abductors
Linea aspera
What does femoris refer to?
Located on the femur
The muscles of the hip and pelvic girdle are all innervated from the ________ and __________ plexus
Lumbar, Sacral
What are the 4 phalange joints of the foot
MP - Metatarsophalangeal joint IP - Interphalangeal joint PIP - Proximal interphalangeal joint DIP - Distal interphalangeal joint
What does the medial collateral ligament do?
Maintains medial stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing knee from being abducted
What is the Q angle for males and females?
Males - 15 degrees or less Females - 20 degrees or less
What bones/landmarks/joints make up the Distal group of the foot?
Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Navicular Cuboid Transverse tarsal joint Styloid process
What is the name of the artery that supplies the meniscus?
Medial genicular artery
What are the 3 arches in the foot?
Medial longitudinal arch Lateral longitudinal arch Transverse arch
What is the name of the distal end of the tibia?
Medial malleolus
Which Menisci is "C" shaped?
Medial menisci
Which meniscus is larger and has a more open C appearence?
Medial meniscus
What are the names of the 2 meniscus?
Medial meniscus Lateral meniscus
What cartilage forms a cushion between the bones of the knee?
Menisci
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Adductor magnus muscle?
Origin - edge of the entire ramus of the pubis and the ishium and ishial tuberosity Insertion - Whole length of the linea aspera, medial condyloid ridge and adductor tubercle PA - Adduction of the hip, external rotation as the hip adducts, extension of the hip
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Adductor brevis muscle?
Origin - front of the inferior pubic ramus just below the origin of the adductor longus Insertion - Lower 2/3rds of the pectineal line of the femur and upper half of the medial lip of the lineal aspera PA - Adduction of the hip, external rotation as it adducts the hip
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Plantaris?
Origin - inferior part of teh lateral supracondyle ridge of the lateral femoral condyal, just above the calcaneus or into the medial achilles tendon Insertion - Posterior medial surface of the calcaneus or into the medial achilles tendon PA - Helper with plantar flexion of ankle and flexion of the knee
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Extensor hallicus longus?
Origin - middle 2/3rds of the medial surface of the anterior fibula Insertion - top of the base of the dital phalanx of the greater toe PA - Dorsiflexion of ankle, Extension of the great toe, Weak inversion of foot
The vasti muscles of the quadriceps originate and insert where?
Originate on the proximal femur Insert superior pole of the patella
What is hip external rotation?
rotary movement of femur laterally around its longitudinal axis away from midline; lateral rotation
What is hip internal rotation?
rotary movement of femur medially around its longitudinal axis toward the midline; medial rotation
What is the tibia?
the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg, also known as the shinbone
Where is the SI joint located?
between sacrum and ilium
Which ligament in the knee is most commonly injured?
ACL
The hip has another name, what is it?
Acetabular femoral joint
What are the 4 medial muscles that primarily adduct the hip?
Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis
What 5 muscles of the thigh are located in the medial compartment?
Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Pectineus Gracilis
The patellofemoral joint is classified as what?
An arthrodial joint
What is the most common injury among active people?
Ankle sprains
The _______ ________ serves to provide points of origin for muscles generally involved in flexing the hip.
Anterior Pelvis
What is the name of the 3 compartments of the thigh?
Anterior compartment Posterior compartment Medial compartment
What are 2 very important ligaments of the knee?
Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament
What are the 4 ligaments of the knee?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Medial collateral ligament (MCL) Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
The surfaces between the femur and tibia are protected by what kind of cartilage?
Articular cartilage
Why do females have higher Q angles?
Because they have a wider pelvis
What is the lateral muscle of the hamstring?
Biceps femoris
What 3 muscles of the hamstring group are located in the posterior compartment?
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
Which muscles are located in the posterior compartment and whos primary action is knee flexion?
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Sartorius Gracilis popliteus Gastroenemius Plantaris
Which 2 muscles of the leg are the knee external rotators?
Biceps femoris Tensor fascia latae
What are the names of the 4 quadriceps muscles?
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis obliquus Vastus intermedius.
What are the 3 T ligaments
CF (Calcaneofibular ligament) PTF (Posterior talofibular ligament) ATF (Anterior talofibular ligament)
What is the largest bone in the foot?
Calcaneus (heel bone)
What is the wearing away of the under surface of the patella?
Chondromalacia
The subtalar and transverse tarsal joints are known as what?
Choparts joint
What bone extends inferior from the scarum?
Coccyx
Which muscles that are the quadriceps, located in the anterior compartment of the thigh and extend the knee?
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medius obliquis Vastus intermedius
What is the medial ligament in the foot?
Deltoid ligament
What are the medial ankle ligaments called?
Deltoid ligaments
What 5 muscles are located in the anterior compartment?
Rectus femoris Vastus medialis obliquus Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis Sartorius
Is Gerdy's condyle a bony landmark of the knee joint?
No
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Tensor fasciae latae muscle?
Origin - Anterior iliac crest and surface of the ilium just below the crest Insertion - 1/4th of the way down to the thigh into the iliotibial tract PA - Adducts the hip, Flexion of hip, lateral pelvic rotation, external rotation of knee, anterior pelvic rotation
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Rectus femoris muscle?
Origin - Anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium and groove (posterior) above acetabulum Insertion - Superior aspect of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity PA - Flexion of the hip, extension of the knee, anterior pelvic rotation
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Adductor longus muscle?
Origin - Anterior pubis just below its crest Insertion - middle third of the linea aspera PA - Adduction of the hip, external rotation as it adducts the hip
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the 6 deep lateral rotator muscles?
Origin - Anterior sacrum, posterior portions of the ischium and obturator foramen; Ischial spine; ischial tuberosity; Margin of obturator foramen; Inferior margin of obturator foramen; Ischial tuberosity Insertion - Superior and posterior aspect of the greater trochanter; Posterior aspect of the greater trochanter immediately below piriformis; Posterior aspect of the greater trochanter with obturator internus; Posterior aspect of the greater trochanter with gemellus superior; Posterior aspect of the greater trochanter immediately below obturator internus; Intertrochanteric ridge of femur PA - External rotation of hip
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Sartorius muscle?
Origin - Anterior superior iliac spine and notch just below the spine Insertion - Anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle PA - Flexion of Hip, knee flexion, external rotation, knee internal rotation
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Fibularis (peroneus) tetrius?
Origin - Distal 3rd of the anterior fibula Insertion - Superior aspect of the base of the 5th metatarsal PA - Eversion of foot, Dorsiflexion of ankle
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Fibularis (peroneus) longus?
Origin - Head and upper 2/3rds of the lateral surface of the fibula Insertion - Undersurfaces of the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones PA - Eversion of foot, and plantar flexion of ankle
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Gracilis muscle?
Origin - anteromedial edge of the decending ramus of the pubis Insertion - anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle PA - Adduction of the hip, internal rotation of hip
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the iliopsoas muscles?
Origin - Iliacus: inner surface of ilium Psoas major and minor: lower borders of the transverse processes (L1-L5), sides of the bodies of the last thoracis vertebra (T12), lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5), intervertebral fibrocartilages and base of sacrum Insertion - Ilicas and psoas major: lesser trochanter of the femur and the shaft just below. Psoas minor: pectineal line (of pubis) and iliopectineal eminence PA - Flexion of hip
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Vastus Lateralis?
Origin - Interochanter line, anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, upper half of the linea aspera and entire lateral intermuscular septum Insertion - Lateral border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity PA - Knee extension
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Semitendinosus muscle?
Origin - Ischial tuberosity Insertion - Anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle PA - Flexion of the knee, extension of the hip, internal rotation of hip, internal rotation of the flexed knee, posterior pelvic rotation
What is the origin, insertion, and PA of the Semimembranosus muscle?
Origin - Ischial tuberosity Insertion - Posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle PA - Flexion of knee, extension of hip, internal rotation of hip, internal rotation of flexed knee, posterior pelvic rotation
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Extensor digitorum longus?
Origin - Lateral condyle of the tibia, head of the fibula and upper 2/3rds of the anterior surface of the fibula Insertion - Tops of the middle and distal phalanxes of the 4 lesser toes PA - Extension of the 4 lesser toes, Dorsiflexion of the ankle, Eversion of foot
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Gluteus medius muscle?
Origin - Lateral surface of teh illium just below the crest Insertion - Posterior and middle durfaces of the greater trochanter of the femur PA - Adduct the hip, lateral pelvic rotation to ipistial side Anterior fibers: internal rotation and flexion of hip, Posterior fibers: external rotation and extension of the hip
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Gluteus minimus muscle?
Origin - Lateral surface of the ilium just below the origin of the gluteus medius Insertion - Anterior surface of teh greater trochanter of the femur PA - Adduct hip, lateral pelvic rotation, internal rotation, flexion of hip, anterior pelvic rotation
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Biceps femoris muscle?
Origin - Long head: Ischial tuberosity Short head: lower half of the linea aspera, and lateral condyloid ridge Insertion - Lateral condyle of the tibia and head of fibula PA - Flexion of knee, extension of hip, external rotation of hip, external rotation of the flexed knee, posterior pelvic rotation
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Gastrocnemius?
Origin - Medial head: posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle Lateral head: posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle Insertion - Posterior surface of the calcaneus (achilles tendon) PA - Plantar flexion of the ankle, flexion of knee
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Fibularis (peroneus) brevis?
Origin - Mid to lower 2/3rds of the lateral surface of the fibula Insertion - Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal PA - Eversion of foot, Plantar flexion of ankle
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Flexor hallicus longus?
Origin - Middle 2/3rds of the posterior surface of the fibula Insertion - Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe, plantar surface PA - Flexion of the great toe, Inversion of foot, Plantar flexion of ankle
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Flexor digitorum longus?
Origin - Middle 3rd of the posterior surface of the tibia Insertion - Base of the distal phalanx of each of the 4 lesser toes PA - Flexion of the 4 lesser toes, Inversion of foot, Plantar flexion of ankle
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Gluteus maxiumus muscle?
Origin - Posterior 1/4th of the crest of the ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx near the ilium and fascia of the lumbar area Insertion - Oblique ridge (gluteal tuberosity) on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter and the iliotibial band of the fasciae latae PA - Extension of the hip, external rotation of the hip, Upper fibers: assist in hip abduction, Lower fibers: assist in hip adduction, posterior pelvic rotation
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Poplitus?
Origin - Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur Insertion - Upper posteromedial surface of the tibia PA - Flexion of the knee, internal rotation of the knee as it flexes
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Soleus?
Origin - Posterior surface of the proximal fibula and proximal 2/3rds of teh posterior tibial surface Insertion - Posterior surface of the calcaneus PA - Plantar flexion of ankle
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Tibialis posterior?
Origin - Posterior surface of the upper half of the inetrosseus membrane and adjacent surfaces of the tibia and fibula Insertion - inferior durfaces of the navicular, cuneiform and cuboid bones and bases of the second, third and fourth metatarasl bones PA - Plantar flexion of ankle, inversion of foot
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Pectineus muscle?
Origin - Space 1 inch wide on the front of the pubis just above the crest (pectineal line) Insertion - Rough line leading from the lesser trochanter down to the linea aspera (pectineal line of femur) PA - Flexion of hip, adduction of hip, external rotation of hip, anterior pelvic rotation
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Vastus Intermedius?
Origin - Upper 2/3rds of the anterior surface of the femur Insertion - Upper border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity PA - Knee extension
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Tibialis anterior?
Origin - Upper 2/3rds of the lataral surface of the tibia Insertion - Inner surface of the medial cuneiform and the base of the firt metatarsal bone PA - Dorsiflexion of ankle, Inversion of foot
What is the origin, insertion and PA of the Vastus Medialis Obliquis?
Origin - Whole length of the linea aspera and the medial condyloid ridge Insertion - Medial half of the upper border of the patella and petallar tendon to the tibial tuberosity PA - Knee extension
Where does the semimembranosus insert?
Posteromedially on medial tibial condyle
What is the Midstance position in the stance phase?
Pronation and internal rotation of the foot and leg
The ________ _______ generally serves as a point of insertion for some of the short muscles of the hip and as the origin for the 3 knee extensors
Proximal thigh
The remainder of the hip muscles insert on the _____ ______ or ______
Proximal tibia, fibula
Anteriorly the 3 vasti muscles of the quadriceps originate _______.
Proximally
The angle formed by the insertion of these 2 lines at the patella is known as what?
Q angle (quadriceps angle)
Which muscle is the knee extensor?
Rectus femoris
The pelvic girdle is consists of what bones?
Right and left pelvic bone
All pelvic girdle rotation results from motion at one or more of which locations?
Right hip Left hip Lumbar spine
What is knee external rotation?
Rotary movement of the leg laterally away from the midline
What is knee internal rotation?
Rotary movement of the leg medially toward the midline
Which nerves consist of the sacral plexus?
S1-S5
The right and left pelvic bone are joined together posteriorly by what?
Sacrum
Anterior and posterior pelvic rotation occur in which planes?
Sagittal or anteroposterior plane
Which 5 muscles of the leg are the knee flexors?
Sartorius Biceps femoris Semitendinosis Semimembranosus Gracilis
What 3 muscles insert on the upper anteromedial surface of the tibia?
Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus
Which 4 muscles of the leg are the knee internal rotators?
Sartorius Semitendinosus Semimembranosis Gracilis
What are the 2 medial muscles of the hamstrings?
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
What are the names of the 3 hamstring muscles?
Semitendinosus. Semimembranosus. Biceps femoris.
What are the 2 phases that walking is broken up into?
Stance phase Swing phase
The ligaments provide what to the knee joint?
Static stability
What does rectus refer to?
Straight, parallel to midline
What are the 7 bony landmarks of the knee?
Superior pole of the patella Inferior pole of the patella Tibial tuberosity Medial femoral condyle Lateral femoral condyle Upper anterior medial surface of the tibia Head of fibula
What are the 2 functions of the foot?
Support Propulsion
The pelvic bones are joined together to form the _________ __________, an amphiarthrodial joint
Symphysis pubis
The knee is supplied with what from the synovial cavity?
Synovial fluid
Which ligaments are the most injured in the ankle?
T ligaments
What is the technical name for the ankle joint?
Talocrural joint
The mortise is made up of what 3 bones
Talus bone Tibia bone Fibula bone
What is eversion of the foot?
The foot is turned so the plantar surface (sole) of the foot is facing laterally (outward)
What muscle does the iliac region contain?
The iliopsoas muscle
What serves as the attachment for knee joint structures but does not articulate with the femur or patella?
The lateral fibula
What serves as a pully by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension?
The patella
Which group of muscles are the first to become weaker following an ankle injury?
The peroneus group -Peroneus lonugs -Peroneus Brevis -Peroneus Tertius
What is a anatomical variant among some individuals that may be irritated or inflamed with injuries or overuse of the knee?
The pilca
What is anterior pelvic rotation?
anterior movement of upper pelvis; iliac crest tilts forward in a sagittal plane; anterior tilt
What kind of joint is the hip joint?
ball and socket joint joint
What is plantar flexion?
bending the foot and toes downward
