BCOM Test 1

How do you cite in a speech

(Name, Year) Pg

What is the five-finger model of public speaking

5 parts of a speech represent by your fingers

What is the difference between abstract and concrete language

Abstract- Ideas and concepts. Words indicate things we know only through our intellect Concrete words- qualities and characteristics. Things we know through our senses

What are the three main factors to consider when picking a topic?

Appeal- Involves the attractive power of arousing a stimulated response also applies to speaker Appropriates- A topic that is suitable with your audience Ability- involves the natural aptitude or proficiency to be able to perform

What are the differences between attitudes, beliefs, and values?

Attitude- Learned predispositions to a concept or object Beliefs- Convictions or expressions of confidence Values- Ideals that guide our behaviour

What does a good thesis statement look like

Be a declarative statement Be a complete sentence Use specific language, not vague generalities Be a single idea Reflect consideration of the audience

How do you construct a specific purpose statement

Choose topic Know yourself and your audience Saving time Appeal, Appropriateness and Ability Use your self-inventory

What are the obstacles to communication

Cliché- Once clever word or phrase has lost its impact through misuse Jargon- Occupation- specific language used by people in a given profession Slang- Existing or newly invented words to take the place of standard or traditional words with the intent of adding an unconventional or humorous effect Sexist- Uses gender as a discriminating factor Racist- Discriminates against members of a given race or ethnic group Euphemisms- involve subbing an acceptable word for an offensive meaning Double Speak- Deliberate use of words to disguise, obscure, or change meaning

How do you evaluate a source

Currency- how recent, Reliability- uses references, credible info, balanced opinion Authority- Validity of the author Purpose/Point of view- where is the author or paper coming from

How do we assign meaning to words Denotative v. connotative

Denotative- the common meaning found in dictionary Connotative- Not found in dictionary but in the community of users itself

Best practices for appealing to and communicating emotion

Emotions are Universal Emotional Feelings and Emotional Expression Are Not the Same Emotions Are Communicated Verbally and Nonverbally Emotional Expression can Be Good and Bad Emotions Are Often Contagious

What are ethos, logos, and pathos?

Ethos- speakers character and expertise Logos- Logic of the speakers presentation Pathos- the use of emotion as a persuasive element

How do employers typically look to fill open job positions

From within- hire from those already working with or for company Using Proof- job hunter

What factors influence selection?

Internal stimuli External stimuli Selective exposure Selective attention Selective retention

Five types of context

Intrapersonal Interpersonal Group- Speech in front of class Public- Speech in large area E.G mayoral meeting Mass- Televised Speech

What are the key elements in the introduction, body, and conclusion

Introduction (A)Main idea (B) Common ground Body (A)Main point (B)Subpoint (C)Specific information Conclusion (A)Summary (B)Main points 1-3

What are the looking-glass self and the self-fulfilling prophecy?

Looking-Glass self - Reinforces how we look to others and how they view, treat, and interact with us to gain insight on our identity Self-Fulfilling- Someone's behavior comes to match and mirror others' expectations

What is a residual message

Message or thought that stays with audience well after the conversation ends

What's the difference between an informative and persuasive speech

Persuasive speech is used to persuade someone for various reasons instead of informing someone

What are the different types of of interference/Noise on can experience

Physiological Psychological External Noise Environmental Linguistic

What are primary and secondary research? What counts for each one

Primary research- information that is self-gathered from studies you conducted Secondary Research- Information gathered from previously conducted studies

What are Gestalt principles and how can they relate to business communication

Proximity- Organization based on relationship of space to objects Continuity- Drawing connections between things that occur in sequence Similarity- Grouping things or concepts by properties they share Uniformity- Noting ways in which concepts or objects are alike Figure and ground- Emphasis on a single item that stands out from its surroundings Symmetry- Balancing objects or ideas equally from one side to the other Closure- Tendency to use previous knowledge to fill in the gaps in an incomplete idea or picture

What are Cialdini's six principles of persuasion? Be ready to identify examples.

Reciprocity- mutual expectation for exchange of value or services Scarcity- You want what they can't have and it's universal Authority - Trust is central to the purchase decision Commitment and consistency- Oral communication can be slippery in memory, Consensus- Testimonials, or first person reports on experience with a product or services, can be highly persuasive Liking- Safety is twin of trust as a foundation element for effective communication

What are signposts, summaries, foreshadowing, and repetition?

Signposts- key words that alert the audience to a change in topic. Summaries- summarization of what you said Foreshadowing- Hinting at a future conversation or item Repetition- saying the same word over again for reinforcement

What are the rules of language

Syntactic- Govern the order of words in a sentence Semantic Rules- govern the meaning of words and how to interpret them Contextual rule- Govern meaning and word choice according to context and social custom

What is Maslow's Hierarchy and how does it relate to persuasion

The seven basic categories for human needs and how we can use them to persuade each other

Why should you know how the audience feels about your topic

This is relevant as the audience is essential and determines the successes of the topic

What is a self-concept?

Your central identity and set oi beliefs about who you are and what you are capable of accomplishing

How should you write effective bullet points in the experience section of your resume?

Detailed, relevant targeted and memorable Focused on your contributions and measurable achievements Responsive to the following question: What you did Why you did it What were your results

What is the Semantic triangle

Model of how linguistic symbols are related to the objects they represent

What are the basic formatting rules of an APA Reference Page and in-text citations

Name(Date) Title, Book/cite, text location (Name, year)

What are the three different types of messages

Primary Message- the intentional content both verbal and non-verbal Secondary Message- The unintentional content both verbal and non-verbal Auxiliary Message- Intentional and unintentional ways a primary message is communicated

What are the different types of resumes

Reverse Chronological- Focus on work history Functional- Focus on skills Combination- combines both Targeted- Highlights what is relevant to job Scannable- formatted to be read by scanner

What are the eight essential components of communication

Source- imagines, creates , and sends the message Message - the stimulus or meaning produced by the source for audience Channel- Way in which a message travels between Source and audience Receiver- Receives Message from source Feedback- The response given by the Receivers Environment- The location the communication is occurring Context- the communication interaction involves the setting, scene, and expectations of the individuals involved Interference- Anything that blocks or changes sources message

What are some good strategies to combat fears of public speaking?

Speaking in Public is not like Killing Lions You Don't Have to Be Perfect Organization is Key to Success Speaking in public is like participating in a Conversation

What are the different types of general speech purposes?

Speech to inform- Increase the audience's knowledge, teach about a topic or issue, and share your expertise Speech to demonstrate- Show the audience how to use, operate, or do something Speech to persuade- Influence the audience by presenting arguments intended to change attitudes, beliefs, or values Speech to entertain- Amuse the audience by engaging them in a relatively light-hearted speech that may have a serious point or goal Ceremonial speech- Perform a ritual function, such as give a toast at a wedding reception or a eulogy

What are the organizing principles for a speech

Time- structuring speech by time Comparison-Structuring your speech by comparison Contrast- Structure speech by contrast Cause and Effect- Structure by cause and effect Problem and Solution Classification Biographical Space Ascending and descending Psychological Elimination

cognate strategies

Tone Emphasis Engagement Clarity Conciseness Arrangement Credibility Expectation Reference

What is the difference between the transactional model and constructivist model

Transactional model- The source sends message and receives feedback normal convo Constructivist -We focus on the negotiated meaning, or common ground, when trying to describe communication

What are the differences between popular and scholarly sources

popular sources are news articles while scholarly sources are peer-reviewed and found in library database