"Before you go on..." Questions and Answers

In what way did followers of Galen disregard his advice? How does Galen's advice apply to you and this book?

Galen made it clear that he did not know everything there was to know about the human body because he did not have the ability to dissect the human body. He mostly had to make inferences based on his dissection of animals. He told those who were studying and teaching to make new observations and trust their own findings, however they disregarded this by continuing to teach students about what they read in Aristotle's work and his work. The advice applies to me when reading this book by encouraging me to make my own observations during dissection lab and compare my findings to their works in order to notice the similarities but also note new discoveries.

How is our concept of human form and function today affected by inventors from the 17th century to the 19th century?

Our concept of human form and function is based off of previous findings made by inventors and physicians. The more they discover the more they change concepts and illustrations of human anatomy. Inventions of microscopes and improvements upon those microscopes have allowed us to see and learn more about anatomy on a molecular level. Cell theory especially. The 17th and 19th century scientists also pioneered the way we think about science. AKA we learned to replace superstition and assumptions with exploration, discovery, and appreciation for natural law. We learned the right questions to ask in order to learn.

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

The difference is the study of structure (anatomy) vs. The study of function (physiology) Anatomy tells us what the body part is, what it looks like and where it is located, and physiology tells us what that structure does. Without the proper anatomy, the proper function cannot occur. Therefore, the two exist separately but need each other to function.

Describe 2 ways in which Vesalius improved medical education and set standards that remain relevant today.

1. Vesalius improved medical education by performing dissections himself instead of letting a barber surgeon do it while he just sits and reads from Galen and Aristotle. He would do the dissections himself and point out the parts in which Galen was wrong about Anatomy. He published a more accurate text of illustrations for teaching anatomy. He also published the first Atlas of anatomy that set the standard for new and updated atlases used today.

Name the method that would be used for the following: A: Listening to a patient with a heart murmur B: Studying the microscopic structure of the liver. C: Microscopically examining the liver tissues for hepatitis. D: Learning the blood vessels of a cadaver. E: Performing a breast self-examination

A: Auscultation with a stethoscope. B: Histology C: Histopathology D: Dissection E: Palpation