Behavioral Neuroscienceexam 1

Polygenetic

Multiple genes have a role to play in particular behavior & interest

Human genome made up of

25,000 thousand genes

Which of the following is true of gene activity?

A gene may become active at only a certain time of the life cycle.

genes

DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission. -basic unit of heredity

What influences which genes are present to participate in that interaction

Evolution

Explain how the vulnerability model relates to the nature-versus-nurture debate in neuroscience. Ans: The nature-versus-nurture debate asks about the relative contributions of heredity and environment in shaping our behavior. While genes are inherited, and thus can reflect the role of nature in influencing our behavior, the vulnerability model describes how most diseases do not result simply from an individual inheriting a specific allele of one gene. For example, a person with a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia may or may not develop schizophrenia, depending on the environmental risks (such as stress or trauma) that they experience. The vulnerability model describes how nurture can impact the extent to which heredity can shape behavior. Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Heredity, Environment, and Vulnerability Difficulty Level: Medium

Explain how the vulnerability model relates to the nature-versus-nurture debate in neuroscience. Ans: The nature-versus-nurture debate asks about the relative contributions of heredity and environment in shaping our behavior. While genes are inherited, and thus can reflect the role of nature in influencing our behavior, the vulnerability model describes how most diseases do not result simply from an individual inheriting a specific allele of one gene. For example, a person with a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia may or may not develop schizophrenia, depending on the environmental risks (such as stress or trauma) that they experience. The vulnerability model describes how nurture can impact the extent to which heredity can shape behavior. Learning Objective: 1-4: Compare the relative contributions of genes and environment in the development of behavioral characteristics Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Heredity, Environment, and Vulnerability Difficulty Level: Medium

Our behavior is product of

Genes and environment

Pattern of activity of genes is due to

Interaction of experience in environment

critical or sensitive period

Of development r more important than other -relatively brief time during which learning is most likely to occur Ex if u experience a travesty at one point in life it may not have an effect on life versus if you experience that same tragedy during one point of the critical point which will have effect -8-9, 13-14, 16-17

Genes are not

Static -they turn on & off throughout life

Which statement below is true of the vulnerability model?

The model shows how nature and nurture interact to produce a characteristic or disorder.

Heritability

The proportion (0-1) of variatbility in a trait attributable to genes

Evolution

a change in frequency of particular genes in pop. over generations ex-moth, birch trees and industrial revolution

Nature vs. Nurture

a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics or environment is responsible for behavior - by false dichotomy because it's not one or other it works together

Neuron

a single neural cell

mind-body problem

based on the assumption of how are mind is related to body such Are mind and body separate and distinct, or is the mind simply the physical brain's subjective experience? -its a problem if you think it separate (dualism)

behavior neuroscience believe

behaviors and thoughts are physical processes -look at reality of beh. as biology

the brain is

bilateral -two parts for any structure (one side is the mirror image of the other)

nerve

bundle of axons running together like a multiwire cable

where are genes located

chromosomes

Chromosomes are composed of

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

The focus of behavioral neuroscientist is the study of the relationship between behavior, broadly defined, and biology, broadly defined. Which of the following is NOT "behavior"? -perception -emotion -development

development

The ______ lobe is located anterior to the central sulcus/fissure

frontal

What is the bridge

gene --> protein--> nervous syst--> mind

Epigenetics

gene code bt can change activity across life -the study of influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

natural selection(survival of fittest)

genes that produce traits/beh. (adaptations) that increase reproductive success will pass & those that don't will die over generations

methylation

how active a gene is-a biochemical process that influences behavior by suppressing gene activity and expression

Behavior neuroscience approach

is to look at the nervous system

Which of the following is true of the temporal lobe?

it contains areas that process visual information.

The cerebral hemispheres are separated by the _____

longitudinal fissure

Renae Descartes

mathematician an philosopher who engage in the mind body problem -his approach was dualism

change is due to

natural selection

overt behavior

observable behavior

intanglement

phenomenon in physics of subtabonal particle blow them apart and capture one of the few and manipulate it the others will react -manipulate 1 causes a simultaneous reaction to the other ones ex- quontim physics-matter exist 2 diff stages bt react w/ each other easily -if in quaontim state it exist and dont -if u observe it it can change properties

evolution change our

physiological by changing genes

pineal gland

point of connection from body and mind(mental & physical) -located inn back of the brain in bud(antenna) -open brain in half and it pops out (ex orange)

Genes provide the instructions for making _____

proteins

behavioral neuroscience

relationship between behavior, broadly defined & biology broadly defined but w/ neurological

behavioral genetics

study of the genetic basis of behavior and personality ex taste and addiction -measure heritability

what are the function of genes

synthesis of protein -nerve cell wall -enzymes -neurotransmitter site -ion channel *by influnce protein it influence the nervous syst. structre & function

The ______ takes in visual, hearing, touch, and taste information and passes these types of information on to the cortex.

thalamus

Which of the following structures is part of the forebrain?

thalamus, pituitary gland

If you say you are a monist, you are saying you believe in ______

the brain and mind being composed of the same substancet

if genes can alter protein (metabolism by + or- protein) it can alter

the nervous system

Monism

the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing -one mind body is both physical

Dualism

the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact -2