BEHV 5618- Final Review

An abative effect refers to

a decrease in the current ferquency of behavior that has been assoicated with a particular consequence

Which of the following describes stimulus generalization?

a response occurs in the presence of a specific stimulus and in the presence of stimuli similar to the specific stimulus

Observational learning may or may not involve

imitation

Symmetry

This concept looks at the reversibility of the relation being taught. If A=B then B=A

Combinatorial Entailment

When two mutually entailed relations combine

The self-management tactic which Skinner referred to as "doing something else" is a key element of

habit reversal

Ms. Aguilera developed a contingency contract with the intention of helping her teenager to complete his chores. After a week he has only met the criterion twice. Of the following changes she could make, the one most likely to remedy this problem would be to

post the contract near the areas of the chores and raise the reward

Which of the following is a stimulus prompt?

After closing the lid, Mary turns the dial to the correct cycle. Prior to the training session, Ashley painted a red arrow to the correct setting to help Mary remember where to set the dial. Mary successful sets the dial to the correct setting without any additional assistance.

Reflexivity

The learner is able to select a stimulus that matches itself; A=A

An individual with disabilities was being taught to pour milk into a cup. Which of the following constitutes a response prompt?

The staff demonstrated pouring a small amount of milk into a cup and then set the milk carton in front of the individual

Transitivity

This concept refers to a learner independently concluding an untrained relation that A=C and C=A after being taught that A=B and B=C.

You are teaching a large group of students who are disrupting class by talking out of turn, laughing, and throwing things at each other. You want to improve their behavior, so you decide to implement a DRA intervention. To do this you will reinforce

an appropriate behavior that is an alternative to the disruptive behaviors

You are scrolling through a news app and stop to read an article that says flu season is here and it will be particularly bad this year. After reading the article, you immediately head out to buy a pack of disposable masks and some hand sanitizer. Heading out to the store after reading the article exemplifies

an evocative behavior altering effect

An evocative effect refers to

an increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been associated with a particular consequence.

A young child living on a farm is learning abotu cows. When the child sees a black and white Holstein cow, the child says "cow". When the child sees a brown Jersey cow, the child does not say caw. When the child sees a dalmatian dog, the child says "cow". This is an example of

faulty sitmulus control

To be considered imitation, a model and the behavior it evokes must have

formal similarity

A teacher uses group contingency with her students. She states the following rule: "If everyone gets 100% on their spelling test this week, I will turn cartwheels down the hall for you." This is an example of a(n)

interdependent group contingency

A disadvantage of using DRO is that (select all that apply)

it does not teach any new skills, it can be very labor intensive for very ferquent behaviors, unwanted behaviors may be inadvertently reinforced

Operant stimulus control has been achieved when a response occurs

more ferquently in the presence of a specific stimulus but rarely occurs in the absence of that stimulus

Little Albert, an infant, became frightened of a white rat when he repeatedly experienced an aversive auditory stimulus in its presence; subsequently he exhibited fear in response to a variety of furry things, including a bearded Santa Clause mask. In behavioral terms, the change in Albert's behavior is an example of

stimulus generalization and transfer of function

The rationale for teaching sufficient stimulus example is that

the more examples used during instruction, the more likely the learned will respond correctly to untrained examples or situations

Which group of stimuli exemplify those making up an arbitrary stimulus class?

photographs of a banana, watermelon, strawberry, and pineapple, which all evoke the word "fruit"

Stimuli that evoke or abate similar responses but stimuli that do not share common features

arbitrary stimulus class

Performance-management contingencies are best viewed as

rule-governed analogs of reinforcement and punishment contingencies

You are scrolling through a news app and stop to read an article that says flu season is here and it will be particularly bad this year. After reading the article, you immediately head out to buy a pack of disposable masks and some hand sanitizer. In relation to buying masks and hand sanitizer, the news article is

CMO (conditioned motivating operation)

When the amount of clothes in your dirty clothes hamper reaches a specific height, you wash clothes the next day. Otherwise, if the amount of dirty clothes gets too high, you have to wash more than one load, which requires spending several hours over the weekend at the crowded laundromat. In relation to washing the clothes, the dirty clothes going above a specific height in the hamper is a

CMO-R (conditioned motivating operation reflexive)

Your dog sits at the front door indicating he wants to go outside. You immediately begin looking for the dog's leash, so you can take him for a walk. In relation to looking for the leash, your dog sitting at the front door is a

CMO-T (conditioned motivating operation transitive)

What is the difference between DRI and DRA?

DRI involves reinforcing a behavior that is incompatible with the problem behavior, whereas DRA involves reinforcing an alternative behavior that may not be incompatible with the problem behavior.

What is the difference between momentary DRO and interval DRO?

In momentary DRO, the observer looks for the behavior at the moment the interval ends, and in an interval DRO, the observer looks for the behavior throughout the entire interval

You are driving in your car on a sunny clear day when the sun starts to shine in your eyes. You immediately reach for your sunglasses and put them on. In relation to putting on the sunglasses, the sun shining in your eyes is a

UMO (unconditioned motivating operation)

A child spent most of the classroom free time sitting on the floor rocking while waving a toy fan at eye level making the light coming from the window appear to "flicker". Which form of an extinction procedure would be the most appropriate to use in this circumstance? Extinction of behavior maintained by.

automatic reinforcement

A child has learned that splark is bigger than flang, and flang is bigger than skrunk. Without additional instruction she could identify that splark is bigger than skrunk. The derived response is evidence of (select all that apply)

combinatorial entailment, a distinction relation

Which of the following are common misuses of the term extinction? (select all that apply)

confusing forgetting and extinction, referring to any decrease in behavior, confusing noncontingent reinforcement and extinction

Observational learning can be differentiated from imitation becuase observational learning includes observing the

consequence of the model

Behavior that was initally selected ans shaped under one set of conditions may be reduced and recombined by a different set of contingencies, and tak eon a new function in a person's repertoire, in a process known as

contingency adduction

When learners respond to untaught stimuli as though they were interchangeable with taught stimuli, these responses represent (select all that apply)

derived relations, emergent relations, generative relations

Important features of a contingency contract include (select all that apply)

description of the reward(s), method of recording whether or not the learner has engaged in the required task, criterion for the required task

Two people are walking into a building with their hands full. The first person hits the door with their hip, and the door swings back and hits them in the face. The second person does not hit the door with their hip. This is an example of

observational learning

Antecedent based self-management tactics include

providing response prompts

All differential reinforcement procedures use what two priniciples of behavior?

reinforcement and extinction

John was taught by his teacher to say, "Hello" when greeting people. Now when he meets people he not only says "hello," but also says: "hi," "good to see you" and "hey there." John's behavior change is an example of:

response generalization

The extent to which a learner continues to perform the target behavior after a protion or all of the intervention responsible for the behavior' sinitial appearance in the learner's repertoire has been withdrawn is

response maintenance

The extent to which a learner emits the target behavior in conditions that are different from those that were present during instruction is known as

setting/situation generalization