benchmarks one and twoWhich is the BEST example of an organism maintaining homeostasis?

Which of the following is not a mandatory characteristic for something to be considered 'living'?

ability to move

low to high concentration

active transport

Which statement correctly compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

aerobic = 36 ATP anaerobic = 2 ATP

Which type of molecules combine to make up the protein portion of hemoglobin?

amino acids

Wolves, which are top predators, were eliminated from Yellowstone National Park in the 1930s. In 1995, wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone. During the period in which wolves were absent from Yellowstone, which MOST likely occurred?

an increase in competition for food resources among small prey

structures that have the same function

analogous

Suppose 1 kelp plant containing 100 units of energy was consumed by a sea urchin which then was consumed by an otter. How much of the original energy would the sea otter acquire?

1

What would most likely be produced when a cell with eight chromosomes undergoes mitosis?

2 cells with 8 chromosomes

If 5,000 units of energy existed in an organism within the "First Trophic Level", how much of that energy would be obtained by the organism in the "Third Trophic Level"?

50

Photosynthesis formula

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

In some ecosystems, wolves have been eliminated due to their threats to humans. How can the reintroduction of wolves benefit the ecosystem? A It can eliminate weak animals from a prey population, thereby decreasing competition for natural resources. B It can eliminate the most fit animals among the prey population, which will cause an increase in birthrates of the prey. C It can cause the prey population to migrate to other areas, resulting in more fit prey. D It can cause the prey population to better blend in with their environment.

A It can eliminate weak animals from a prey population, thereby decreasing competition for natural resources.

Which of the following foods is highest in polysaccharides? a brroccoli b potatos c fish d cheese

b

Biomolecules contain a variety of atoms. Which biomolecule maintains a ratio of 1 carbon atom to 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom? Molecule example: C6H12O6

carbohydrate

During photosynthesis, plants absorb light energy from the Sun and convert it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Which compounds combine in the presence of sunlight to form glucose?

carbon dioxide and water

Which organelles differentiate plant cells from animal cells?

cell walls and large central vacuoles

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which will most likely occur as homeostasis is maintained in the cell?

cell will lose water

Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure?

chloroplast

Which organelles must work together to provide food and energy to a plant cell?

chloroplast and mitochondria

Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins?

contains the instructions used to make proteins

Dr. Tanaka discovered a new virus. The virus has a single strand of a nucleic acid, but she does not know if it is DNA or RNA. After running tests, she concludes that it is DNA. Which of the following would lead her to that conclusion?

contains thymine

Which concept explains the fact that many forms of aquatic animals look alike, even though they have very diverse ancestors?

convergent evolution

Which is the BEST example of an organism maintaining homeostasis? A: Human cells within the pancreas produce insulin protein to regulate blood sugar levels. B: An elephant uses low-frequency sound waves to find its herd. C: A chameleon's skin becomes green when it sits on a leaf. D: A well-trained dog sits upon command.AHuman cells within the pancreas produce insulin protein to regulate blood sugar levels.

A: Human cells within the pancreas produce insulin protein to regulate blood sugar levels.

How is energy stored at the end of aerobic respiration?

ATP

Recently in North Carolina, hog farming methods have come under scrutiny and criticism by many members of the fishing industry within NC. Which statement below most likely summarizes the direct environmental link between hog farming and fishing? A Hogs release more methane than cows, possibly making water temperatures decrease. B Hog waste has increased the amount of nitrogen within our waters causing algal blooms. C Hog farming isn't as profitable as aquaculture, harming our economy. D Meat from hogs is a main source of food for many fish populations.

B Hog waste has increased the amount of nitrogen within our waters causing algal blooms.

Which nucleic acid is correctly paired with its function? A mRNA: lines up amino acids at the ribosome B DNA: forms peptide bonds between amino acids C tRNA: moves genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome D mRNA: moves genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome

D

Which is a reason why invasive species thrive in new habitats? A Their new habitats have reached carrying capacity B Their new habitats lack the natural resources needed for population growth C Their new habitats have many predators that limit their population growth D Their new habitats may not have the same predators found in their previous environment that can limit their population growth

D Their new habitats may not have the same predators found in their previous environment that can limit their population growth

DDT is an insecticide used in the 1950s and 1960s. When it entered aquatic ecosystems, it was ingested by fish and became concentrated in their bodies. When birds of prey ate fish that ingested DDT, the birds were adversely affected. Which statement BEST describes the interaction of DDT, fish, and birds in this situation?

DDT bioaccumulated in upper trophic levels

Whoch of the follwoing is part of the carbon cycle? A Decomposers put carbon into the soil by breaking down organic material. B Factories remove carbon from the atmosphere by burning materials. C Plants put carbon back into the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. D Animals remove carbon from the atmosphere through the process of respiration.

Decomposers put carbon into the soil by breaking down organic material.

Which statement correctly describes a soil interaction in the carbon cycle? A: Microbes breaking down organic matter in the soil release carbon dioxide. B: Decaying organisms in the soil absorb carbon dioxide. C: Plants growing in the soil release carbon dioxide. D: Plowing of the soil absorbs carbon dioxide.

Microbes breaking down organic matter in the soil release carbon dioxide.

Which best describes a strand of DNA?

double-stranded nucleic acid with deoxyribose and thymine.

Plants such as the Venus flytrap consume insects by producing chemical compounds that break down an insects body into substances that are usable for nutrients by the plant. The chemical compounds that break down the insects as part of a plant's metabolism are most likely

enzymes

In which situation is speciation MOST likely to occur?

few members of the population are isolated from the others.

A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?

genetic drift

Individuals that carry a particular allele may have more descendants than other individuals, resulting in the allele becoming more common. Which process causes random alleles to become more common within a population?

genetic drift

What will most likely be the result as humans move into new areas, forests are clear cut and housing developments are built?

habitat loss

structures that have the same origin

hommologous

Which of these would increase the greenhouse effect within the atmosphere? A increased inorganic matter in soil B increased use of fertilizers on crops C increased deforestation D increased rainfall rates near power plants

increased deforestation

An investigation was designed to determine the effect of ultraviolet light on mold spore growth. Two groups of mold spores were grown under identical conditions, except one group was exposed only to ultraviolet light, while the other group was grown in total darkness. In this investigation, the ultraviolet light is known as the

independent variable

Two (2) environmental issues;• Many areas in the southeastern United States are overgrown with the kudzu plant from Asia. • In parts of New York State, bluebirds must compete with starlings originally brought here from England. Each of these issues is a result of;

introduction of non-native species into stable ecosystems

he substance labeled "catalyst" is also known as an enzyme because

it speeds up the reaction & It is reusable (recycled)

The following organic molecule helps insulate, makes up cell (plasma) membranes, and can be used as a long-term energy storage molecule;

lipids

S-shaped growth curve

logistic growth

Habitat loss can often most directly lead to which of the following?

loss of biodiversity

Which RNA is a complement made from a DNA strand that can be transported to a ribosome?

mRNA

When the United States was being settled by Europeans, the Europeans brought plant seeds from their original countries. When these new plants began to grow in farms and gardens, what population change MOST likely occurred as a result?

native plants decreased because new plants are invasive

DNA replication is considered a semi-conservative process (each strand is used as a template for the synthesis of a new strand)? Which of the following is true following DNA replication?

new dna contains an original and a new strand

what is the gas in the test tube at the top

oxygen

When fertilizers run off farmland into streams and ponds, the nitrogen content of the water increases. This can lead to rapid growth of algae (algal bloom). How can this process affect other organisms in the water?

oxygen is used up by algae, reducing amount available to others

Certain trees, such as the dogwood, can be inhabited by a fungus that damages their leaves. Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between the tree and the fungus?

paratism

What makes up a nucleotide?

phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base

How would reducing emissions impact society?

pollution would decrease

The aphid is a small, soft-bodied insect that is a major pest to many plant species, including food crops. During the larval stage, lacewing larvae can eat between 100 and 600 aphids each. Commercial farmers may introduce lacewing insects into their fields as a means to control the aphid population based on which relationship between the two organisms?

predator/prey

John is viewing a cell under a high-powered microscope. Which would indicate that the cell John is looking at is a eukaryote?

presence of mitochondria

A student uses a microscope to observe a cell that has a cell wall, a plasma membrane, and circular DNA. What kind of cell is this student observing?

prokaryotic cell

Which role do proteins play in the body?

provide structure for body tissue, hair, and fingernails.

When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?

response to stimuli

All cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have a few common features. Which cell feature is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

ribosomes

If "stranded at sea", why would drinking saltwater likely cause you to be more dehydrated?

saltwater= hypertonic = water leaving cells

Which is a primary function of a vacuole in a cell?

storage

Fires in forests from lightning rid the forest of dead branches and leaves. If the trees survive and the soil remains intact, the forest will experience regrowth to its climax state by which process?

succession

A particular species of snake was accidentally introduced into a region where it had no natural enemies. These introduced snakes fed on birds and insects that were the food of native snake species. Over the next few years, the introduced snake population grew rapidly in size. How will the introduced snakes MOST likely impact the native snake population?

their population will decrease

How are the functions of a carbohydrate and a lipid similar?

they are both a source of energy

Which process produces mRNA from DNA?

transcription

independent variable

variable that is manipulated

cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6+6O2---> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP

Which will most likely result in a negative growth rate in the human population of a country?

The death rate is higher than the birth rate.

dependent variable

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

What will most likely occur if the human population of the world continues to increase at predicted rates?

There will be more rapid depletion of natural resources.