BESC 3020 CH. 12

Suppose a researcher manipulates two factors. The first factor is whether participants were shown word pairings at a slow or fast rate. The second factor is the order that participants were assigned to each level of the first factor. Which of the following best explains the research for adding the second factor?

To control for threats to validity

A common reason for manipulating or adding more than one factor to a research design is to do all of the following except:

control for threats to reliability.

Participants read a vignette of a stranger who was described as either male or female and as either aggressive or passive. Personality ratings of the stranger described in the vignettes were recorded. Assuming the design is a factorial design, how many groups will be created by combining the levels of these factors?

4

Which of the following is an example of a factorial design?

A researcher studies the extent to which participants like drinks with different flavors (cherry, grape) and sugar content (5%, 20% sucrose).

A researcher observes 10 participants in each group of a 2 ? 2 factorial experimental design. If 40 total participants were observed, then what type of factorial design was conducted?

Between-subjects factorial design

If a researcher randomly assigned participants to each group in a factorial design, then what type of factorial design was conducted?

Between-subjects factorial design

A researcher randomly assigns participants who live on-campus or off-campus to attend a morning or afternoon lecture. Results show that, regardless of when a class is offered, students who live on-campus arrive earlier to class than those who live off-campus. All of the following effects were described in this example except?

Interaction of main effects

A researcher tests the effectiveness of couple's therapy (individual, group) for each spouse (husband, wife). The results show that for both spouses, group therapy is most effective. What effect was described in this example?

Main effect of Therapy

Which of the following is NOT a type of factorial design?

Non-factorial design

What does the "way" of a factorial design indicate?

The number of factors in a study.

A research design in which the levels of more than two factors are combined or crossed to create groups is called:

a higher-order factorial design.

An interaction for the combination of levels of three or more factors in a factorial design is called:

a higher-order interaction.

A researcher conducts a mixed factorial experimental design in which the within-subjects factor had three levels. If 60 total participants were observed in each group, then the between-subjects factor must have how many levels?

*INCORRECT* Not enough information *OTHER OPTIONS* 2 4 6

Which of the following is an effect observed only when the levels of two or more factors are combined to create groups?

Interaction

For the within-subjects factorial design to be an experiment, the researchers must meet three requirements. Which of the following is NOT one of those requirements?

Randomly assign different participants to each group

A statistical procedure used to analyze the variance in a dependent variable between groups created by combining the levels of two factors is called:

two-way ANOVA.

A researcher conducts a two-way within-subjects factorial experimental design in which one factor had two levels. If 60 total participants were observed in each group, then the second factor must have how many levels?

*INCORRECT* 2 *OTHER OPTIONS* 4 6 *Not enough information*

A researcher conducts a 3 ? 3 within-subjects factorial experimental design. If 10 participants are observed in each group, then how many total participants were observed?

*INCORRECT* 90 *OTHER OPTIONS* 10 *60* 30

Using a factorial design, an effect of a quasi-independent variable shows that the factor is ________ changes in a dependent variable.

*INCORRECT* causing *OTHER OPTIONS* *related to* manipulating randomizing

The factorial design can be used to determine how two factors ________ cause changes in a dependent variable.

*INCORRECT* independently interact to *LIKELY* independently and interact to

A researcher conducted a 3 ? 4 factorial design. How many groups were observed in this experiment?

12

A researcher observed 9 groups in a two-way factorial experimental design. If the levels of the first factor were 3, then how many levels did the second factor have?

3

A researcher manipulates the environment (spacious, enclosed) and type of task (individual, team) participants must complete. If different participants are randomly assigned to each group or combination of levels for each factor, then what type of factorial design was conducted?

Between-subjects factorial design

A source of variation associated with mean differences across the levels of a single factor is called:

Main effect

All of the following is a requirement for the mixed factorial design to be an experiment except?

Manipulate the levels of only one factor

A researcher measures student enthusiasm in a class that varies by size of the room (small, large) and number of students (few, many). The results show that enthusiasm in class was greatest in a small room with few students. However, when the room was large, enthusiasm was greatest with many students. What effect was described in this example?

Room size ? Number of student's interaction

A researcher observes 15 participants in each group of a 2 ? 2 factorial experimental design. If 15 total participants were observed, then what type of factorial design was conducted?

Within-subjects factorial design

In a factorial experimental design, the levels of ____ factors must be manipulated.

all

A research design in which the levels of two or more between-subjects factors are combined to create groups, meaning that different participants are observed in each group, is called a:

between-subjects factorial design.

A factorial design in which each level of one factor is combined or crossed with each level of the other factor, with participants observed in each cell or combination or levels, is called:

complete and completely crossed factorial design.

For the between-subjects factorial design to be an experiment, the researchers must do all of the following except:

manipulate the level of one factor only.

A research design in which different participants are observed at each level of a between-subjects factor and then repeatedly observed across the levels of the within-subjects factor is called a:

mixed factorial design.