BHAN Exam 2 - Chapter 11 & 11A: Maintaining a Healthy Weight & Body Image

One dangerous consequence of very-low-calorie diets is that they increase the individual's risk for a condition in which the blood levels become acidic. This is known as A. ketoacidosis B. hypertension C. stenosis D. anemia

a. ketoacidosis

The increasingly high rate of overweight and obesity among Americans is primarily due to A. lifestyle B. increase income inequality C. metabolism D. heredity

a. lifestyle

___ fat is more threatening than fat in other regions

abdominal

A high waist-to-hip ratio would indicate that more fat is stored in the A. upper body B. neck and face C. hips and thighs D. abdominal area

d. abdominal area

a condition that occurs when cells don't have enough of the glucose they need for energy. Body burns fat for energy, producing ketones (acidic chemicals that can cause major risks to health)

ketoacidosis

BMI over 40

morbidly obese

A weight gain of 11-18 pounds doubles the risk for

type 2 diabetes

body image

- How you see yourself in your mind - What you believe about your own appearance - How comfortable you feel about your body, including your height, shape, and weight - How you sense and control your body as you move

factors influencing body image

- the media and popculture - family, community, and cultural groups - physiological and psychological factors

drastic weight-loss measures

- very-low-calories diets - drug treatment - surgery

men underweight

3-7% body fat

waistline greater than ___ in women = health risk

35 inches

managing your weight

1. understand calories and energy balance 2. improving your eating habits 3. including exercise

A 26-year-old male would be considered obese if he A. has a body fat % of 20% B. has a body mass index of 22-24 C. has a body mass index of 30 or higher D. is 15% heavier than his ideal weight

C. has a body mass index of 30 or higher

A person's exercise metabolic rate (EMR) will increase if he or she A. decreases the time spent exercising B. decreases the activity level from moderate to light C. increases the activity level from light to moderate D. performs light daily activities instead of structured exercise routines

C. increases the activity level from light to moderate

women normal weight

20-30% body fat

refers to having body weight more than 10% above healthy levels

overweight

An average adult has A. 250 to 350 billion fat cells B. 25 to 35 billion fat cells C. 250 to 350 million fat cells D. 25 to 35 million fat cells

B. 25 to 35 billion fat cells

body weight described relative to height that is highly correlated with total body fat - Calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared

BMI

waistline greater than ___ in men = health risk

40 inches

more than ___ of US adults overall are overweight or obese

69%

women underweight

8-15% body fat

men normal weight

8-20% body fat

men overweight

>22% body fat

women overweight

>35% body fat

exercise disorder ___: - Characterized not by a desire to exercise but a compulsion to do so - A person may struggle with guilt and anxiety if he or she doesn't work out - Injuries to joints, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, broken bones, and stress on the heart occur - People with this disorder are often plagued by anxiety and/or depression

anorexia athletica

eating disorder ___: A persistent, chronic eating disorder characterized by deliberate food restriction and severe, life-threatening weight loss - self-starvation - distorted body image - purging through vomiting or using laxatives

anorexia nervosa

the minimum rate at which the body uses energy when at complete rest

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

eating disorder ___: Affected individuals gorge, but do not take excessive measures to lose the weight gained, so they may be clinically obese

binge-eating disorder

- Obsessively concerned with appearance - Have distorted view of own body shape, body size, weight, perceived lack of muscles, facial blemishes, size of body parts, etc. - Anxiety disorder or OCD often also present

body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

eating disorder ___: Individuals binge on huge amounts of food then engage in purging, vomiting, taking laxatives, or exercising excessively to lose consumed calories - These individuals may fall within normal weight range or they may be overweight

bulimia nervosa

When blood levels of the hormone leptin rise, A. you can consume large amounts of food without gaining weight B. appetite levels increase C. appetite levels decrease D. you feel like exercising

c. appetite levels decrease

a pattern of atypical behaviors used to achieve or maintain a lower body weight

disordered eating

a psychiatric disorder characterized by severe disturbances in body image and eating behaviors

eating disorder

___ fat is needed for maintenance of life and reproductive functions

essential

accounts for the remaining caloric expenditures

exercise metabolic rate (EMR)

hunger hormone," influences satiety and plays a role in keeping weight off

ghrelin

BMI 18.5-24.9

healthy weight

people with an excessive number of fat cells - begins in childhood

hyperplastic obesity

appetite regulator produced by fat cells - levels increase in the blood as fat tissue increases

leptin

exercise disorder ___: - Relatively new form of body image disturbance and exercise disorder - Man or woman believes that his body is insufficiently lean or muscular (that he looks "puny") - Behaviors: comparing self unfavorably to others, frequently checking one's appearance in the mirror, and camouflaging one's appearance

muscle dysmorphia

either a distorted perception of your shape or feelings of discomfort, shame, or anxiety about your body

negative image

BMI over 30

obese

refers to having body weight more than 20% above healthy levels

obesity

characterizes environments that promote increased food intake, non-healthful food, and physical inactivity

obesogenic

eating disorder ___: Unhealthy obsession with what would be otherwise healthy eating - Individuals become consumed with what and how much to eat, so much that eventually their food choices become very restrictive

orthorexia nervosa

eating disorder ___: Patterns of eating disorder that do not fit into diagnostic criteria, but are legitimate psychiatric illness - Includes 5 specific subtypes: 1. Night eating syndrome 2. Purging disorder (absence of binge eating) 3. Binge-eating disorder of low/frequency/limited duration 4. Bulimia nervosa of low frequency/duration 5. Atypical anorexia nervosa

other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)

BMI 25-29.9

overweight

- Distorted body image may be linked to the brain's ability to regulate neurotransmitters (e.g., visual processing) - Depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder

physiological and psychological factors

true perception of your appearance; a celebration of being unique

positive body image

includes BMR plus additional energy expended through daily sedentary activities

resting metabolic rate (RMR)

___ fat, the nonessential fat, makes up the remainder of the fat reserves

storage

BMI 50 or higher

super obese

1. Low energy intake, typically promoted by disordered eating behaviors 2. Menstrual dysfunction, such as amenorrhea 3. Poor bone density

the female athlete triad

___ fat increases the risk of: - coronary heart disease - insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes - dementia - colorectal and breast cancer

visceral