bhh
pass
-ed, -en,-ing
present tense past tense
-s -ed
Modal auxiliaries (MOD) Perfect auxiliary (PERF) Progressive auxiliary (PROG) Passive auxiliary (PASS)
4 kinds of auxiliary verb
particles
A characteristic of _____________ is that they can appear in a position after the direct object.
auxiliary verbs
A full VP it may contain ________
lexical verb
A full VP must contain a -________
adverb
A word that describes a verb. ends with -ly
non-finite (neither present nor past).
All verbs following an auxiliary verb are
progressive
BE demands that the following verb has the (non finite) -ING form.
primary auxiliaries.
Be, have and do are sometimes called
Present and Past
English has just two tenses
finite verb.
Every sentence must contain a ___________
Perfect
HAVE is always followed by another verb
subject position.
In passive sentences, a gap is created in the object position left by the movement of the object to _____
auxiliary verbs
In questions, ________ can move in front of the subject NP. A lexical verb cannot.
the capula
Intensive verbs be is called?
perf
MOD+PERF+LV
PASS
MOD+PERF+PASS+LV
PROG
MOD+PERF+PROG+LV
sub-categorise the verb.
PPs are optional and can occur with almost any verb, they cannot be used to _______
direct object.
The NP that complements a transitive verb is said to function (more specifically) as its _______
negative particle
The ___________(not or n't) can attach to an auxiliary verb but never to a lexical verb.
Complementizer
The ______________ position is: sister of S and daughter of S-bar (S).
predicative.
The complement of an intensive verb functions (more specifically) as a _________
be.
The most obvious and commonly used intensive verb is ____________
tensed auxiliary.
The negative particle not is placed immediately after the ____________
stem form.
The verb that follows a modal auxiliary always appears in its (non-finite)
lexical and auxiliary.
There are two kinds of verb in English:
verb (V)
Verb Phrase (VP) must contain is a _______. VPs are centred on_______
finite verb forms.
Verb forms that are tensed are traditionally called __________
intensive verb.
When a verb is complemented just by an AP, you can be sure you are dealing with an ______
phrasal verb
a _________ consists of a verb + a particle.
transitive verb
a verb that has a direct object
Complex transitive
a verbs take two complements: a direct object (NP) and an object-predicative.
verb
action word ends with -ed,- ing -s
VPs
adjunct adverbials are modifiers of _______
adjunct adverbials.
adverb phrases (AdvP) can also function as ________
noun
after the words THE its either noun or adjectives
adjective
after the words very, too
modals
always tensed (finite).
lexical verb;
auxiliary verbs (if present) always precede the ________
pass
be, been, being, is, was -en, -ed
prog
be, is, was, being -ing
mod
can/could
adjective
describing words
adjective
ends with -er, est higher, highest
be, have, and do and can/could, will/ would, shall/should, may/might, must, and need.
example of auxiliary verb
at in on above between before
example of preposition
perf
have, has, had -en
modal verb
in a sequence of verbs, there can be only one__________
pronoun
instead of a noun i, me ,you
intransitive verb
is one that does not require any further constituent
whether lexical or auxiliary
it is always just the first verb - ___________ - that displays the tense distinction between present and past;
Ditransitive verbs
require TWO NPs as complements
Intensive verbs
require a single complement, which can take the form of an AP, NP, PP
adjunct adverbials
sisters of Verb Phrase (VP).
(1) transitive, (2) intransitive, (3) ditransitive, (4) intensive, (5) complex transitive, (6) prepositional.
six sub-categories of lexical verbs:
Preposition
tell something about the location or direction of noun or subject
transitive
the direct object position required by a _________ verb won't be filled in the passive.
a sequence of verbs
the form of a verb is determined by the verb that precedes it.
subject
the object in an active sentence becomes the ________ of the corresponding passive sentence.
complements
the verb are sisters of Verb (V)
det
the, that, a, this
●
this gap with a conspicuous blob: .
Predicatives
used to attribute properties to the things referred to by other expressions.
lexical verbs
verbal inflections -s, -ing, -ed, -en.
Prepositional
verbs are called 'prepositional' because they can only be complemented by a PP.