BHS Ethics Final Study Guide

10. 1. According to professional ethical principles on testing, it would be unethical for a counselor to: a. Perform testing and assessment services for which they have not been adequately trained b. Develop, administer, score, interpret, or use assessment procedures that are appropriate for the situation c. Test within the clients socialized behavioral or cognitive patterns. d. Consider the validity of a given test and interpret data in the context of the cultural characteristics of the client.

A. perform testing and assessment services for which they have not been adequately trained.

17. 1. To qualify as a substance abuse counselor, the CACREP (2016) standards identify specific knowledge, skills and practices in all of the following areas EXCEPT: a. Personal substance abuse experience b. Counseling, prevention, and intervention c. Diversity and advocacy d. Research an evaluation

A. personal substance abuse experience

9. _________ provide(s) an opportunity for counselors to examine their beliefs and values and to explore their motivations for wanting to share or impose these beliefs on clients. a. Personal Therapy sessions b. Cultural discrimination c. Ethical bracketing d. Value imposition

A. personal therapy sessions

14. 1. Disclosers should be given in: a. Plain language in a culturally sensitive manner and must be understandable to clients, including minors and people with impaired cognitive functioning. b. Elevated languages that will impress consumers and give them confidence in the services that are about to receive. c. Writing that makes it unnecessary to discuss informed consent during sessions. d. Several languages since we live in a multicultural society.

A. plain language in a culturally senstive manner and must be understandable to clients, including minors and people with impaired cognitive functioning.

34. Brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities (whether intentional or unintentional) that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of other races if the definition of: a. Racial microaggressions b. Cultural diversity c. Cultural pluralism d. Social justice work

A. racial microaggressions

32. 1. A _________ application of boundaries can be harmful to clients by creating a sterile relationship that works against establishing a positive therapeutic alliance. a. Rigid risk- avoidance b. Lenient wellbeing c. Easy-going secure d. Slippery Slope phenomenon

A. rigid- risk avoidance

26. 1. __________ is the practice of focusing on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of problems that may injure clients and lead to filling an ethics complaint or a malpractice action. a. Risk management b. Informed consent c. Termination d. Standard of care

A. risk management

21. 1. The _________ perspective, when working with marginalized groups in our society, is most enhanced (a) when mental health professionals can understand how individual and systemic worldviews shape clinical practice and (b) when they are equipped with organizational and system knowledge, expertise, and skills a. Social justice b. Case management c. Ego- psychology d. Social interest

A. social Justice

20. 1. Nonerotic touching between counselor and client should be: a. Spontaneous and honest expression of the therapists feelings b. Incongruent with what they feel c. A therapeutic technique used to extinguishing catharsis d. Considered unethical

A. spontaneous and honest expression of the therapists feelings.

5. Statements such as "minority groups need to take responsibility for their own predicament" nd "in order to succeed, people need to stop complaining and start working" do not take into account environmental factors. These are examples of: a. Stereotypical beliefs. b. Guiding principles for action c. Cultural Tolerance d. Challenging culture- bond values

A. stereotypical beliefs.

24. 1. A skilled supervisor balances the multiple roles, giving ongoing feedback, positive and corrective, while also supporting: a. The development of the supervisee and ensuring that the power differential is clear. b. The interpersonal relationship between supervisor and supervisors family c. The supervisee's personal life d. The supervisors countertransference to the supervisors clients

A. the development of the supervisee and ensuring that the power differential is clear.

22. 1. The acronym DSM-5 stands for: a. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: 5th edition b. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental diseases: 5th edition c. Diagnostic and statistical manual of muscle disorder: 5th edition d. Deviant Syndromes Manual: Treatment and remediation: 5th edition

A. Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorder: 5th edition

17. 1. Mario's job entails going to middle schools within the county to run counseling groups for students identified as having the potential for aggression. He is providing a. Direct client services b. Indirect client services c. Direct community services d. Indirect community services

A. Direct client services

21. _____ refers to individual differences on a number of variables that can potentially put clients at risk for discrimination based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, or socioeconomic status. a. Diversity b. Multipluralism c. Discriminatory variables d. Oppression

A. Diversity

28. 1. Even if clients argue that they can do what they want with their own lives, including taking them, therapists with suicidal clients have a legal: a. Duty to protect b. Duty to warn c. Privacy issue d. Privileged communication issue

A. Duty to protect

19. ______ is a sense of identity that stems from common ancestry, history, nationality, religion, and race. a. Ethnicity b. Multiculturalism c. Pluralism d. Commonality

A. Ethnicity

1. All o the following pose a number of potential ethical problems with regard to protecting client privacy EXCEPT: a. Face to face interaction b. Telephone and cellular phone c. Answer machine and voicemail d. Fax and email

A. Face to face interaction

5. 1. Practitioners who argue AGAINST diagnosis: a. Claim that DSM labels stigmatize people b. Are likely to be psychanalytically oriented therapists c. Often work in community mental health centers d. Are likely to work for a managed care system.

A. claim that the DSM labels stigmatize people

25. In dealing with clients who hold different values, you are advised to: a. Learn how to manage your values and how to avoid using your professional role to influence the clients through supervision. b. Persuade them to adopt your values. c. Persuade them to adopt the values of the counseling profession, which are based on the Judeo-Christian tradition. d. Forget about your own values temporarily

A. learn how to manage your values and how to avoid using your professional role to influence the clients through supervision.

13. 1. _______ encompasses the full range of cultural factors including race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, ability status, privilege, sexual orientation, spirituality and religion, values, gender, family characteristics and dynamics, country of origin, language and age. a. Multicultural Supervision b. Developmental Supervision c. Feminist Supervision d. Social- constructivism supervision p

A. multicultural supervision

19. 1. When a client is unable to afford therapy, it is possible that he or she may: a. Offer a bartering arrangement or exchanging goods in lieu of a fee. b. Offer sexual favors in exchange for services c. Force the therapist to continue treatment free of charge d. Report the therapist to his or her license board if he or she refuses to continue treatment and receive payment when the client can afford it at a later date.

A. offering bartering arrangements or exhange goods in Lieu of a fee.

2. 1. Direct client services focus on a. Outreach activities b. Client advocacy c. Consultation d. Influencing policymakers

A. outreach activities

29. 1. Changes in mental health care laws and practice have increased the need for: a. Outreach psychotherapists b. Higher cost and fewer psychotherapy hours c. Gift giving d. Stricter boundaries for outreach psychotherapists

A. outreach psychotherapies

7. 1. _______ is an end point evaluation typically completed at the end of a professional program or when applying for licensure status. a. Formative assessment b. Summative assessment c. Therapist Competence d. Technique

B Summative Assessment

15. 1. Privileged communication does not apply in the case of: a. Clients disclosures of personal and sensitive information. b. Child abuse and neglect c. Unfaithfulness in one or both partners in couples therapy. d. Legal proceedings where the therapist is asked to produce a clients records in court.

B, Child abuse or neglect

3. Written consent forms should NOT include: a. A discussion of how a managed care system will affect the treatment, if applicable b. A detailed description of what will occur in therapy and a guarantee that the client will resolve their issues. c. A statement describing the counselors theoretical orientation and how this will affect treatment d. Clarification pertaining to fees and charges and procedures for filing insurance reimbursement.

B. A detailed description of what will occur in therapy and a guarentee that the client will resolve their issues.

16. 1. A theoretical orientation is best described as: a. a rigid framework that provides specific steps of how to conduct counseling sessions b. a set of general guidelines that counselors can use to make sense of what they are hearing and what needs to change. c. A conceptualization of the intrapsychic structures that dictate a clients behavior d. A set of techniques that can be used to promote behavioral changes.

B. A set of general guildeines that counselors can use to make sense of what they are hearing and what needs to change.

27. 1. In regards to record keeping, the _______ states: "Mental Health counselors create, maintain, store, transfer, and dispose of client records in ways that protect confidentiality are in accordance with applicable regulations or laws." a. National Association of Social Workers b. American Mental Health Counselors Association c. American Psychological Association d. Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors

B. American Mental Health Counselors Association

10. 1. Jolene tells her counselor that she is depressed about the break-up of her relationship and "just wishes she could go to sleep and never wake up." In this case, the counselor needs to: a. Immediately commit Jolene to a psychiatric facility. b. Assess if Jolene is suicidal and intervene if necessary c. Recognize that her statement is only a "cry for help" and should not be taken seriously d. See if there us any chance for reconciliation

B. Assess if Jolene is suicidal and intervene if necessary.

34. 1. It is important to understand the common ______ used in your profession, even if you choose not to use them in your practice. a. Diagnosis b. Assessment tools c. Confidentiality d. Informed Consent

B. Assessment tools

17. 1. Supervisor behaviors and attitudes that have the potential to be extremely damaging include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Boundary violations and substance abuse b. Availability, accessibility, and being technically competent c. Misuse of power and extreme burnout d. Sexual contact with supervisees and diminished clinical judgement

B. Availability, accessibility, and being technically competent.

4. 1. Departures from commonly accepted practices that could potentially benefit clients are referred to as: a. Unethical boundaries b. Boundary crossing c. Boundary violations d. Interpersonal boundaries.

B. Boundary crossing

13. Robert is currently going through a divorce and his children want to live with their mother. While working with clients, he seems to be unable to concentrate, irritable, and focusing on the negative aspects of the client's lives. Robert seems to be suffering from: a. transference. b. burnout. c. work-life balance. d. compassion fatigue.

B. Burnout

25. In regards to addressing diversity, the ________ code of ethics states counselors actively work to understand the diverse cultural background of the client with whom they work. a. APA's b. Canadian Counseling Associations c. Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors d. NASW's

B. Canadian Counseling Associations

20. 1. In the case of disclosing confidential information when working with an HIV- positive client, several writers state that the therapist has a duty to protect when the following condition exists: a. The client is engaged in safe- sex with a committed partner b. Clear and imminent danger must exist c. All potential victims must be warned even if there have been multiple sexual partners over the years. d. All persons who have exchanged needles with the client must be found and warned of possible danger.

B. Clear and imminent danger must exist

15. 1. Joyce was hospitalized as a result of an attempted suicide. She tried to call her therapist before taking an overdose of pills, but he could not be reached because he was on vacation and did not make provisions for a replacement therapist while he was gone. This action constitutes the following type of professional negligence: a. Misdiagnosis b. Client abandonment c. Vicarious liability d. Practicing beyond the scope of competency

B. Client abandonment

12. 1. __________ is/are a diverse pool of human service workers whose primary duties include serving individuals within the community in a variety of community groups and includes social workers, community organizers and developers, clinical mental health counselors, psychologists, psychiatrists, nurses, counselors, couples, and family therapists, artists, activists, clergy persons, human- service workers with varying degrees of education and training, and residents involved in the community. a. Community perspective b. Community workers c. Community agencies d. Community work

B. Community Workers

32. Children with childhood disabilities such as autism, ADHD; children with the cumulative lifestyle factors that lead to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and cancers; and people with chronic medical, physical, and mental disabilities are part of the: a. Mental health workers community b. Disability community c. Gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender community d. Social justice community

B. Disability Community

15. ________ includes factors such as culture, religion, race, ability, age, gender, sexual orientation, education, and socioeconomic level. a. Cultural empathy b. Diversity c. Stereotypes d. Racism

B. Diversity

28. People with chronic medical, physical, and mental disabilities represent: a. The second largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States b. The Largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States c. The smallest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States d. Diminishing minority and disadvantaged group in the United States

B. The largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States

8. When counselors become overly concerned with meeting their own needs or pushing their own personal agendas, their behavior becomes: a. annoying to the client. b. unethical. c. illegal. d. helpful to the client.

B. Unethical

15. In Jennifer Keeton v. Augusta State University, the federal appeals court: a. Upheld the decision that the university was justified in dismissing Ward for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status. b. Upheld the right of the university to enforce standards expected of students in a counseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds. c. Upheld the decision that the university was not justified in dismissing Ward for violating provisions of the code of ethics. d. Decided the university did not have the right to enforce standards expected of students in a counseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds.

B. Upheld the right of the university to enforce standards expected of students in a conseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds.

12. Of the following, which is an example of a behavior that might leave a mental health practitioner vulnerable to a malpractice suit? a. Used a procedure within the realm of accepted professional practice b. Employed a technique that he or she was not trained to use c. Used a procedure to which the client did not respond favorably d. Explained the possible consequences of treatment and the client still wanted to participate in the process

B. employed a technique that he or she was not trained to use.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true with respect to counselor competence a. Practitioners are required to practice within the boundaries of their competence b. Only when the therapist completes a doctoral program are they competent to practice with all specialties c. The practitioner can develop competency by working with professionals with more experience. d. Conferences, workshops, continuing education are means toward developing competency. "

B. only when the therapist completes a doctoral program are they competent to practice with all specialties.

15. 1. A _________ focuses on problems to be solves and holes to fill. It is concerned more with maintaining rather than changing conditions and is oriented toward fixing problems rather than preventing them. A service orientation relies on experts and reinforces power imbalances, whereas a developmental approach relies on partnerships and equalizes power relationships. a. Developmental approach b. Community approach c. Service approach d. Individual approach

C service approach

18. 1. Prevention programs that help people develop a wider range of competencies, such as interpersonal skills training or marriage education are considered a. Direct client services b. Indirect client services c. Direct community services d. Indirect community services

C. Direct community services

35. 1. All of the following are true about bartering EXCEPT: a. Bartering can be a dignified and honorable form of payment for those who are cash poor but talented in other ways. b. Bartering is a healthy norm in many cultures. c. Bartering is illegal and unethical. d. Bartering is part of a clearly articulated treatment plan; like other interventions, bartering must be considered in light of the clients needs, desires, situations, and cultural background.

C. bartering is illegal and unethical

10. 1. Marty is counseling with an Asian client who recently returned from a trip to Japan to visit relatives. His client wants to give him an inexpensive souvenir. It is important for Marty to: a. Refuse the gift on ethical grounds b. Explain that the gift would change their relationship and create a conflict of interest c. Be aware that accepting the gift may be culturally appropriate with this client d. Explain that he cannot accept the gift until the counseling relationship is over.

C. be aware that accepting gifts may be culturally appropriate with this client.

8. It is the author's position that counselors would not work well with diverse populations if they: a. Are open to being challenged and tested. b. Are flexible in applying theories to specific situations c. Believe that they are free from any racist attitudes, beliefs, and or feelings. d. Are comfortable with differences that exist between themselves and their clients.

C. believe that they are free from any racist attitudes, beliefs, and or feelings.

16. Ignoring talk of sexuality with clients: a. May be better than talking about it. b. Is important in therapy c. Can lead to unintended harm and negative outcomes. d. Never creates stress or unethical situations in the therapeutic relationship. styl

C. can lead to unintended harm and negative outcomes

14. Counselors practice unintentional racism when they: a. Show sensitivity to cultural variations among individuals b. Challenge stereotypes associated with culturally diverse clients c. Claim to be free of any traces of racism d. Accept unreasoned assumptions about other cultures without proof and without regard to rationality

C. claim to be free of any traces of racism.

18. 1. According to professional codes of ethics, sexual relationships between client and counselor are considered to be ethical under which of the following circumstances? a. If the therapist is really in love with the client b. If there is consent by the client c. These relationships are not considered to be ethical under any circumstances d. If the sexual relationship begins within six months of termination

C. these relationships are not considered to be ethical under any circumstances.

29. 1. _______ were developed for a wide range of psychological disorders. Their success ushered in the movement toward empirically supported treatments and evidence-based practice. a. Family systems therapies b. Cognitive therapies c. Treatment manuals d. Behavioral therapies

C. treatment manuals

16. 1. Inappropriate socialization with clients, burdening clients with a counselor's personal problems, and putting clients in awkward business situations are examples of: a. Inappropriate crisis intervention b. Established therapeutic practices c. Unhealthy transference relationships d. Seeking balance in the counseling relationship

C. unhealthy transference relationships

35. A set of knowledge and skills that is essential to the culturally skilled practitioner is called: a. Coursework b. Culturally appropriate strategies c. Multicultural competencies d. Multicultural relationship.

C> Multicultural Competencies

3. 1. When a counselor works in a managed care system, client's goals need to be: a. Long- term and all encompassing b. Aimed at character reconstruction c. Geared toward the client gaining insight into his or her problems and movement toward self actualization d. Highly specific, limited to reduction of problematic symptoms, and often aimed at teaching coping skills. 4432

D. Highly specific, limited to reduction of problematic symptoms, and often aimed at teaching coping skills.

8. 1. Chong is a legal immigrant who is having posttraumatic stress symptoms as a result of his experiences in Laos. He may be reluctant to use the available counseling resources because of all the following reasons EXCEPT a. He harbors the attitude that he should be able to take charge of his own life. b. He may perceive the resources as culturally insensitive c. He may be reluctant to recognize his problems d. His access is easy to understand and figure out

D. his access is easy to understand and figure out.

1. Three legal considerations in the supervisory relationship are: a. Supervisors qualifications, along with their duties and responsibilities b. Issues with dual relationships c. Consent of trainees, clients, and third party payers. d. Informed consent, confidentiality and its limits and liabilities

D. informed consent, confidentiality and its limits and liabilities.

7. 1. Which of the following is not described in the text as a method of supervision? a. Self- report b. Digital recordings c. Direct observation d. Instructional supervision

D. instructional supervision

10. 1. _________ is an organization system by which practitioners within a profession assess one another's services. a. Networking b. Mentoring c. Monitoring d. Peer Review

D. peer review

18. It is not ethical to refer clients: a. When the clients issue is out of the counselors scope of work b. When the client requests a referral c. When the client no longer advances in treatment over a long period of time. d. Based solely on a difference of values between the counselor and the client.

D. based solely on a difference of values between the counselor and the client.

21. 1. Which of the following statements has NOT been supported by the research? a. Therapy is helpful to the majority of clients b. Most people achieve some change relatively quickly in therapy. c. In general, the various therapeutic approaches achieve similar outcomes. d. People change more due to specific factors.

D. people change more due to specific factors.

5. 1. Which of the following actions would maximize the risks inherent in dual or multiple relationships? a. Setting healthy boundaries from the outset b. Securing informed consent of clients and discuss with them both the potential risks and benefits of dual relationships. c. Documenting any dual relationships in clinical case notes. d. Becoming romantically involved with the client.

D. becomig=ng romantically involved with the client

23. 1. Fran has decided to start an online counseling practice. Which of the following have the potential to result in unethical behavior? a. Refusing to accept psychotic and/ or seriously disturbed individuals as clients. b. Charging fees that are covered by insurance companies c. Limiting and/or providing general diagnosis due to lack of behavior clues. d. Promising confidentiality and privacy

D. promising confidentiality and privacy

24. 1. The following are all major types of elder abuse EXCEPT: a. Financial or material exploitation b. Neglect and abandonment c. Sexual, physical and psychological abuse d. Protection and positive treatment

D. protection and positive treatment

24. 1. The clinical interview serves all of the following purposes EXCEPT: a. Providing information on a clients presenting problems b. Giving glimpses of historical factors that may be contributing to the clients condition. c. Providing a framework for making a differential diagnosis to determine whether an individual suffers from a particular mental disorder d. Providing the actual outcome of treatment.

D. providing the actual outcome of treatment.

9.1. Which if the following situations does NOT have the potential to harm or exploit a client a. Entering a business venture with a client ba. b. Developing a sexual relationship with a client c. Establishing a social relationship with a client d. Setting healthy boundaries during the initial visit

D. setting healthy boundaries during the initial visit

18. 1. A counselor working in an AIDS- related case: a. Has a legal duty to warn according to the Tarasoff decision. b. Is obligated to protect all third parties of the threat of HIV transmission according to ethical codes. c. Must report the case to the Department of Public Health d. Has a few legal guidelines to help determine when or how to inform a potential victim of the threat of HIV transmission.

D. has a few legal guidelines to help determine when or how to inform a potential victim of the threat of HIV transmission.

1. Informed consent generally implies that the person: a. Does not have the capacity to consent b. Has verbally given consent c. Has been persuaded or coerced to sign the consent form d. Has the capacity to consent and has freely, without undue influence, expressed consent

D. has the capac ity to consent and has freely, without undue influence, expressed consent

4. 1. It is illegal and unethical for the therapist to disclose confidential information when: a. The client consents to disclosure b. There is a duty to warn or to protect third parties c. An emergency exists d. An employer requests disclosure to determine the mental status of an employee without their consent.

D. An employer requests disclosure to determine the mental status of an employee without their consent.

24. The ______ is a physician- assisted suicide law modeled on the Oregon law that went into effect on June 9, 2016 a. End- of-life Dignity Option Act b. Baxter v. State of Montana c. Death with Dignity Act d. California End- of- Life Option Act icient

D. California End-of-Life Option Act

4. 1. ________ have a position of influence with their supervisees and operate in multiple roles. a. Co- workers b. Employees c. Supervisees d. Clinical Supervisors

D. Clinical Supervisors

27. In the preamble of the _________, it states rehabilitation counselors are committed to facilitating the personal, social and economic independence of individuals with disabilities. a. NASW b. Canadian Counseling Association c. APA d. Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors

D. Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors

31. 1. _________ is at the core of effective therapy; it is the counselor's ethical duty to protect private client communication. a. Privileged communication b. Privacy c. Ethics d. Confidentiality nbsp

D. Confidentiality

16. An ethical issue arises when: a. a new client temporarily experiences a period of dependence on the counselor. b. counselors encourage clients to come up with solutions to problems with minimal help from the counselor. c. a client develops an unhealthy dependence on their counselor and the counselor deals with it therapeutically, without blaming the client. d. counselors encourage and promote dependence on the part of their clients.

D. Counselors encourage and promote dependence on the part of their clients

23. _______ is a perception of reality based on a very limited set of cultural experiences. a. Cultural awareness b. Ethnicity c. Microaggressions d. Cultural tunnel vision

D. Cultural Tunnel Vision

1. ________ influences every facet of our existence, so it is essential that culturally responsive practice be central in all that we do. a. Oppression b. Stereotypes c. Racism d. Culture

D. Culture

18. The word _________, interpreted broadly, is associated with a racial or ethnic group as well as with gender, age, religion, or spirituality, economic status, nationality, physical capacity or disability, and affectional or sexual orientation. a. Ethnicity b. Diversity c. Stereotype d. Culture

D. Culture

30. The concepts of unintentional racism and microaggressions are related and usually involve: a. Training in multicultural and social justice perspectives for both the therapists and client. b. Exploring in-depth the meaning behind the cultural differences c. Flexibility and understanding on the therapists part. d. Demeaning implications perpetrated against clients on the basis of their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ability status.

D. Demeaning implications perpetuated against clients on the basis of their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ability status.

9. Sexual or romantic feelings toward a client: a. are the result of seductive behavior on the part of the client and need to be ignored. b. are an indicator that the client needs to be referred to another counselor. c. are unethical, counter-therapeutic, and also illegal in many states. d. do not necessarily mean that the counselor cannot effectively work with the client.

D. Do not necessarily mean that the counselor cannot effectively work with the client.

21. The ability for counselors to manage their personal values so they do not contaminate the counseling process is referred to as: a. Value conflicts b. Value exploration c. Discrimination d. Ethical Bracketing portList

D. Ethical Bracketing

13. 1. A common reaction of therapists who realize that they have sexual feelings toward their clients is to: a. Feel angry at themselves b. Speak openly about the matter to the client c. Investigative to see if the client feels the same. d. Feel guilty, anxious, and confused.

D. Feel guilty, anxious, and confused

23. 1. In chapter 6, a six-step ethical practice model for protecting confidentiality right that places legal mandates in an ethical context is presented. The six steps include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Preparation b. Tell clients the truth "up front" c. Obtain truly informed consent before making a disclosure. d. Have your attorney respond to legal requests for disclosure.

D. Have your attorney respond to legal requests for disclosure.

21. 1. _________ extends the duty to warn in California to a foreseeable, identifiable person who might be near the intended victim when the threat is carried out and thus might also be in danger. a. Bradley Center v. Wessner b. Jablonski v. United States c. Tarasoff v. University of California Board of Regents d. Hedlund v. Superior Court

D. Hedlund v. Superior Court

20. 1. __________ involves access and equity to ensure full participation in the life of a society, particularly for those who have been systemically excluded on the basis of race/ ethnicity, gender, age, physical, or mental disability, education, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, or other characteristics of background or group membership and involves addressing the realities of oppression, privilege, and social inequities. a. Case management b. Ego-psychology c. Social interest d. Social justice i

D. social justice

35. 1. Therapists have a legal, professional, and ethical obligation to assess whether clients may: a. Become completely healthy mentally within six sessions of treatment, never needing therapy again. b. Be covered by insurance only c. Complete a treatment plan, including their goals for therapy, before the initial assessment d. Pose a danger to themselves or others.

D> poe a danger to themselves or others.

11. ________ is a three stage developmental sequence, from multicultural awareness to knowledge and comprehension to skills and applications. a. Culture- centered counseling b. Oppressed counseling c. Cultural immersion d. Social justice working in counseling

A. Culture- Centered counseling

22. 1. Effective supervisors understand that: a. A collaborative supervisory relationship, characterized by a strong working alliance, is a key component of effective supervision. b. Supervision is not as important as people think. It is the supervisees past that makes the difference c. Supervisees may be nervous, but it is not their responsibility to help them work through the nerves to become a better therapist d. They are not competent to supervise trainees in all areas of counseling whether they have experience or not.

A. A collaborative supervisory relationship, characterized by a strong working alliane, is a key component of effective supervision.

8. 1. In _________, the Supreme Court considered that the student has been informed of the faculty's dissatisfaction with her clinical performance, and the student knew that unless she made significant improvement in this area, she would be dismissed from the program. The court held that the decision to dismiss the student from medical school was based on a careful and deliberate evaluation by the faculty, and thus the students dismissal was not a violation of her constitutional rights. a. Board of Curators of the University of Missouri v. Horowitz b. Shuffer v. Trustees od California State Universities and colleges c. Jablonski v. The United States d. Hedlund v. Superior Court

A. Board of curators of the University of Missouri v. Horowitz

11. Martina has been working at a crisis intervention center for three years and is starting to have nightmares about her work. Despite having a strong work ethic, she dreads her job because she feels burdened by the lack of power she has in making decisions pertaining to the treatment of her clients. Martina is experiencing: a. burnout. b. institutional countertransference. c. institutional transference. d. the precursor to mental illness.

A. Burnout

22. 1. ________ is a voluntary attempt by a group to promote a professional identity. a. Certification b. Licensure c. Registration d. Accreditation

A. Certification

29. An ethical obligation that provides a major link between ethics and self-care is: a. competence. b. countertransference. c. the therapeutic relationship. d. personal therapy.

A. Competence

12. 1. Two processes that offer safeguards against malpractice liability in suicidal cases are: a. Consultation and documentation b. Assessment and orientation c. Individual therapy and group therapy d. Diagnosis and informed consent

A. Consultation and Documentation

32. 1. There are three types of _______: health plans, health care clearinghouses, and health care providers who transmit health information by electronic means. a. Covered entities b. Computer transactions c. Administrative positions d. HIPAA Rules

A. Covered Entities

19. 1. Confidentiality in online supervision is: a. Filled with potential problems such as the possibility of computer- savvy individuals hacking into confidential communications between supervisor and supervisee and the risk of confidential content being sent or forwarded to others in error. b. Not a concern and online supervision is a better form of supervision than face-to-face supervision c. Discussed in all professional journals; they all agree it is not an issue and online supervision is becoming the best form of supervision d. May be minimally difficult to adhere to; however, the benefits of online supervision far outweigh the possible breach in confidentiality.

A. Filled with potential problems such as the possibility of computer- savvy individuals hacking into confidential communications between supervisor and supervisee and the risk of confidential content being sent or forwarded to others in error.

15. 1. Even though mental health professionals may not intend to harm clients, ________ is often a major contributing factor in causing harm. a. Incompetence b. Unconscious impulses of an aggressive nature. c. Participation in a training program that is not CACREP accredited d. A decreased emphasis on ethics in training programs.

A. Incompetence

26. 1. In most cases, therapists will not have advanced warning client is dangerous. Therefore, therapists must be prepared for such an eventually. Which of the following is NOT a suggestion from the authors for preparation? a. Limit disclosure to all clients until they are deemed safe. b. Take at least one workshop in the assessment and management of dangerous clients. c. Know how to contact the legal counsel of your professional organization. d. Familiarize yourself with professionals who are experienced in dealing with violence and know how to reach them.

A. Limit disclosures to all clients until they are deemed safe.

9. ________ is/are not reserved exclusively for the irresponsible practitioner. Clients may make allegations of unethical conduct or file a legal claim due to negligence, even though the counselor may have acted ethically and appropriately. a. Malpractice claims b. Legal matters and risk management c. Addictions counseling d. Ethical aspects of practice.

A. Malpractice Claims

3. Counselors who have unresolved personal conflicts: a. need to recognize that their problems may interfere with their effectiveness and refrain from activities that would harm a client. b. must resolve all their difficulties before counseling others. c. are quite effective because they know how difficult it is to resolve problems. d. need to repress anxiety-provoking issues in their own lives before becoming effective counselors.

A. Need to recognize that their problems may interfere with their effectiveness and refrain from activities that would harm a client.

22. Form of legal perspective, mental health professionals are expected to exercise "reasonable care" in working with client who are considering abortion. If they fail to do so, clients can take legal action against them for: a. Negligence b. Breach of confidentiality c. Being unreasonable d. Insufficient knowledge

A. Negligence

14. As therapists, we are often in the role of giver. To preserve our vitality, we need to create spaces in which the "giver" can be supported. A necessary form of ongoing self-care to help in this support is: a. personal therapy. b. decreasing number of clients. c. engaging in fieldwork and internship experiences. d. to begin practicing psychotherapy.

A. Personal Therapy

4. In many theoretical traditions, and particularly in the psychodynamic tradition, __________ is deemed essential in the development of therapists. a. personal therapy b. countertransference c. projection d. dependence amily:"Times Ne

A. Personal Therapy

21. 1. ________ are essentially the same as psychotherapy notes. They address the clients transference reactions and the therapist subjective impressions of the client. a. Process notes b. Progress notes c. Diagnostic notes d. Treatment summary

A. Process Notes

11. 1. A counselor is likely to adopt stricter social boundaries and will be concerned about polluting the transference relationship is he or she is: a. Psychoanalytically oriented b. A behavioral therapist c. Working with culturally diverse clients d. Already engaged in an active social life.

A. Psychoanalytically oriented

6. 1. Susan is quire distressed after finding out her husband has been unfaithful. She tells her counselor that she is so angry that she feels like killing him. Upon hearing this, the counselor needs to: a. Question Susan to determine whether she is serious about doing physical harm to her husband. b. Warn the husband that he is in potential danger c. Commit Susan to a hospital until she can overcome her anger. d. Threaten to terminate services with Susan if she continues to talk about killing her husband.

A. Question Susan to determine whether she is serious about doing harm to her husband.

20. _________ is the appropriate and ethical course of action to take when a clients needs are outside the scope of your competence. a. Referral b. Privileged communication c. Consultation with an attorney d. Termination of services

A. Referral

17. _________ moves beyond cultural awareness and focuses on active support and advocacy, including promoting equality and justice for underserved and oppressed groups of people. a. Social justice b. Cultural pluralism c. Color blindness d. Cultural tunnel vision

A. Social Justice

11. 1. _______ is based on Western America assumptions (such as individualism and universalism), which limits its usefulness among different cultural groups. a. The DSM b. V- codes c. Confidentiality d. Informed Consent

A. The DSM

8. 1. ________ was passed by Congress to promote standardization and efficiency in the health care industry and to give patients more rights and control over their health information. a. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) b. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1994 (FERPA) c. The H1N1 Prevention Act d. The Confidentiality and Privileged Communication Act

A. The Health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 (HIPAA)

5. 1. In this role, counselors assists clients in recognizing oppressive forces in the community as a source of their problem and teach their clients strategies for developing political power to bring about change in the clients social and physical environment. a. Change agent b. Consultant c. Adviser d. Ombudsman

A. change agent

12. The U.S. District Court, in Julia Ward v. Eastern Michigan University, ruled that: a. The university was justified in dismissing the student for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status. b. The university was justified to enforce standards expected of students in a counseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds. c. The university was not justified in dismissing the student for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status. d. The university was not justified to enforce standards expected of students in a counseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds.

A. The University was justified in dimissing the student for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, langauge preference, or socioeconomic status.

23. Cathy is an eating disorders specialist who has a past history of bulimia. She now attends yoga classes weekly, maintains a healthy diet, attends church and church gatherings weekly, and practices relaxation and stress management techniques daily. Cathy has incorporated which of the following in her life? a. Therapeutic lifestyle changes b. Professional impairment c. Dysfunctional eating patterns d. A negative self-care routine

A. Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes

18. The authors state that, in many ways, therapeutic encounters serve as mirrors in which therapists can see their own lives reflected. As a result: a. therapy can become a catalyst for change in the therapist as well as in the client. b. many therapists become narcissistic. c. therapists tend to commit ethical violations stemming from blurred boundaries. d. the therapist cannot experience change.

A. Therapy can become a catalyst for change in the therapist as well as in the client.

17. Many believes that premarital sex is morally wrong. He has an agenda to convince his single clients to avoid having sexual intercourse before they are married. This is referred to as: a. Value imposition b. Good sense c. Value exploration d. Duty to protect

A. Value imposition

26. Many __________ have difficulty acknowledging race- related issues because they stir up guilt feelings about their privileged status and threaten their self-image as moral, fair, and decent human beings. a. White Americans b. Mexican Americans c. Asian Americans d. African Americans

A. White Americans

29. Assuming that there is a standard way to work with clients if a certain cultural background is: a. A mistake b. The right thing to believe c. The definition of cultural empathy d. A form of cultural misunderstanding

A. a mistake

4. 1. From an ethical perspective, counselor educators and trainers are expected to present varied theoretical positions. Training programs would do well to offer students: a. A variety of therapeutic techniques and strategies that can be applied to a wide range of problems with diverse clients. b. The opportunity to specialize in one theoretical approach. c. A program with few bureaucratic constraints when teaching. d. The opportunity to learn to disguise clients to fit the basic concepts of the theory being taught.

A. a variety of therapeutic techniques and strategies that can be applied to a wide range of problems with diverse clients.

6. 1. Counselors can encourage ethnic minority clients to learn skills they can use to interact successfully with various forces in their community by acting as their a. Advocate b. Broker c. Adviser d. Consultant

A. advocate

24. 1. Which of the following is NOT a controversy of boundary issues? a. Age, diagnosis, life experiences such as abuse, and cultural are key elements of the therapeutic relationship. b. An unfortunate reality is that some practitioners have difficulty distinguishing where appropriate boundary lines should be drawn. c. The goal of ethical decision-making is to take a position where the potential for exploitation is minimized. d. Failing to establish clear boundaries can be very dangerous to both the client and the therapist.

A. age, diagnosis, life experiences such as abuse, and cultural are key elements of the therapeutic relationship.

13. 1. Referring client to other professionals is: a. Appropriate when counselors do not have the clinical training or expertise to work with certain clients. b. Unethical since it leaves the client feeling abandoned. c. Indicative or poor character d. Illegal in some states

A. appropriate when counselors do not have the clinical training or expertise to work with certain clients

10. According to the authors. The first step in the process of acquiring multicultural counseling skills in a training program should be that students: a. Become involved in self- exploratory journey to help identify their cultural and ethic blind spots b. Start a social advocacy campaign and become politically involved on campus c. Free themselves from all racist thoughts, actions, and feelings d. Have their value system conform to an "acceptable norm"

A. become involved in self- exploratory journey to help identify their cultural and ethic blind spots.

2. 1. According to the authors, a good training program encourages students to: a. Build on their life experiences and personal strengths and provides opportunities for expanding self- awareness. b. Emphasize skill training without consideration of personal development. c. Achieve a high enough GPA to pursue doctorate. d. Specialize in one theory with the techniques and strategies that are unique to that theory.

A. build on their life experiences and personal strengths and provides opportunities for expanding self- awareness.

7. 1. In military settings, multiple relationships are common and can be a healthy part of communal life. These relationships: a. Can improve morale, decrease the stigma attached to seeking psychological assistance, and improve access to care. b. Should be eliminated because they destroy the counseling relationship c. Have strong boundaries that must be maintained and not crossed in any way in order to avoid malpractice suits. d. Include traits such as rigidity and strict rules discouraging multiple relationships.

A. can improve morale, decrease the stigma attached to seeking psychological assistance, and improve access to care.

9. 1. Susan is in a counselor training program and is infatuate with her supervisor. She has indicated that she is interested in pursuing an intimate relationship. In order to provide adequate supervision for Susan, her supervisor would need to: a. Clearly define and maintain ethical, professional and social relationship boundaries with Susan. b. Adopt the role of counselor and work with her therapeutically c. Suggest that she transfer to another training program. d. Let Susan know that there is no possibility for intimacy until she graduates from the program

A. clearly define and maintain eithical, professional and social relationship boundaries with Susan.

18. 1. Evidence- based practice is often associated with: a. Cognitive- behavioral approaches because they are the most extensively researched psychotherapies b. Psychodynamic therapy because it falls under the category of evidence- based practice. c. Therapeutic interventions that are not considered "evidence- based practices" and are unethical. d. Clinical practice that should not be based on the best available research.

A. cognitive behavioral approaches

28. 1. Differences in culture, ethically, religion, age, gender, and sexual orientation a. Could have a negative influence on the supervisory relationship if not understood integrated. b. Could allow the supervisory relationship the opportunity for molding the supervisee into what the supervisor believes to be a better person c. Would have no effect on the supervisory relationship d. Are immediate reasons to request a referral to a different supervisor, similar to the therapist- client relationship

A. could haev a negative influence on the supervisory relatinosip if nto understood integrated.

33. 1. A __________ assigned to client can have implications for their employment of future employability status. a. Diagnosis b. Empirically supported treatment c. Assessment d. Treatment manual

A. diagnosis

28. 1. _______ is the process of distinguishing one form or mental disorders from another by determining which of the two (or more) disorders with similar symptoms the person is suffering from. a. Differential diagnosis b. Psychological diagnosis c. Assessment d. Psychometric testing

A. differential Diagnosis

30. 1. The ______ in a community agency are more complex and difficult to resolve than ones pertaining to individual counseling. If a worker is not motivated, the system may tolerate this lack of motivation. If the system violates the rights of the client (community), then this is a real challenge to address a. Ethical violations b. Individual violations c. Systemic ethics d. Community ethics

A. ethical violations

10. 1. Many professionals struggle with the issue of how to work within a system while retaining their dignity, vitality, and convictions. The most important component in any effort to bring about change is to a. Examine their attitude and focus on the things that can be changed b. Start the process of changing the system by speaking to the director of the organization c. Make assumptions about the reasons for the problems in the organization d. Scold those who appear to be at the root of the problem.

A. examine their attitude and focus on the things that can be changed.

16. 1. Bonnie became sexually involved with her therapist soon after therapy began. This action was initiated by the therapist who saw Bonnie's provocative behavior as an invitation to become intimate. Which of the following is NOT a possible ongoing consequence for the client being sexually exploited? a. Experiencing feelings of freedom and peacefulness b. Experiencing feelings of shame and guilt and posttraumatic stress disorder c. Experiencing depression, fear and anger d. Experiencing isolation, a stronger distrust, and suicidal tendencies.

A. experiencing feelings of freedom and peacefulness

13. 1. The purpose in using a technique is to: a. Facilitate movement b. Impress clients with your creativity and skill c. Help clients rationalize their feelings d. Trigger strong emotions

A. facilitate movement

2. Ronald directs his clients toward solutions instead of encouraging them to seek alternatives for themselves. He is likely to have a strong need: a. for approval and/or to feel a sense of achievement and accomplishment. b. to allow the client to come up with solutions. c. to empower his client. d. to nurture his client.

A. for approval and/ or to feel a sense of achievement and accomplishment

30. A spiritual assessment provides: a. Insight into how a client related to spirituality and religion and how this may be affecting the client b. The therapist with the opportunity to educate the client on the best religion to follow c. An opportunity for the therapist to relax and not listen as intently to the client d. Minimal information about the client.

A. insight into how a client related to spirituality and religion and how this may be affecting the client.

1. With respect to values in the counseling process, the authors contend that: a. It is important that counselors clarify their values and the ways in which they enter the therapeutic process. b. Counselors can avoid communicating values to their clients by not explicitly sharing them. c. It is best to keep values hidden so they wont contaminate their clients choices. d. Their job is to help clients conform to socially acceptable standards.

A. it is important that counselors clarify their values and the ways in which they enter the therapeutic process.

24. 1. When a therapist believes referring a client to be the appropriate course of action due to a lack of competence in the clients issue: a. It would be considered unethical to not refer to a more competent therapist. b. It is the clients choice whether to accept or decline the termination c. It is the therapists choice to decide when and if termination should take place d. The therapist should only refer the client if a conflict has been created.

A. it would be considered unethical to not refer to a more competent therapist.

13. 1. To succeed in a malpractice claim, the plaintiff needs to show that a breach of duty exist in which: a. The practitioner failed to foresee the clients intention to commit suicide despite warning signs that the client was decompensating and/or the practitioner failed to provide the appropriate standard of care. b. The client failed to get better in spite of reasonable care. c. There was no professional relationship between therapist and client d. The client was explained informed consent in detail and the therapist practiced within his or her scope of capacity.

A. the practitioner failed to foresee the clients intention to commit suicide despite warning signs that the client was decompensating and/or the practitioner failed to provide the appropriate standard of care.

23. 1. The notion that certain actions will inevitably lead to a progressive deterioration of ethical behavior is commonly referred to as: a. The slippery slope phenomenon b. Therapist decay c. The ethical deterioration phenomenon d. Role erosion ion,

A. the slippery slope phenomenon

4. Which of the following statements on spirituality and religion is true today? a. They are both ethically appropriate topics to discuss, can play a major part in the client's life, and can be a significant course of strength. b. The role of spirituality is counseling is not considered an appropriate topic of discussion. c. Spiritual and religious matters are not therapeutically relevant d. The therapist does not need to be sincerely interested in the clients spiritual beliefs to utilize them in the therapeutic process.

A. they are both ethically appropriate topics to discuss, can play a major part in client's life, and can be a significant course of strength.

29. 1. Students should be advised as early as possible if their behavior is problematic, and: a. They should be given direction and opportunities to improve problem areas. b. They should be terminated from the program immediately c. They should be ridiculed in a public arena d. They should be allowed to continue without further direction. s

A. they should be given direction and opportunities to improve problem areas.

14. 1. The goal of counseling from a social justice perspective is a. To promote the empowerment of people who are marginalized and oppressed in our society b. To study each agency's philosophy and policies c. To be prepared to conduct intensive medical treatment d. To promote the empowerment of people who are not marginalized and oppressed.

A. to promote th eempowerment of people who are marginalized and oppressed in our society.

30. 1. Records Are: a. Vital to review the course of treatment. The manner in which you document treatment is likely to determine the outcome of the case. b. Important; however, the legal system foes not expect a therapist to spend hours documenting treatment. c. Only important during legal proceedings d. Necessary in order to diagnose suicidal or homicidal clients only.

A. vital to review the course of treatment. The manner in which you document treatment is likey to determine the outcome of the case.

23. 1. Counselors can also reach out to the community outside of the counseling setting by a. Volunteering at nonprofit organizations in their local area b. Working with social service agencies c. Becoming a school counselor d. Continuing their education

A. volunteering at nonprofit organizations in their local area.

28. Value discrimination could be defined as: a. When a counselor is too eager to suggest a referral when the client shared differing values on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status. b. Considering a referral only when you clearly lack the necessary skills to deal wit the issued presented by the client c. A counselor directly attempting to influence a client to adopt her or her values, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior d. The ability of counselors to manage their personal values so they do not contaminate the counseling process.

A. when a counselor is too eager to suggest a referral when the client shared differing values on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, marital status/ partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status.

21. Client dependence is less of an issue: a. with the growth of managed care brief treatment and restricted number of sessions. b. if the therapist is experiencing problems and is unaware of these problems. c. when the therapist is in control of the session. d. when the therapist is not practicing self-care.

A. with the growth and managed care breif treatment and restricted number of sessions.

6. Thomas has AIDS and has decided to end his life rather than continue suffering. The counselor he is working with does not condone rational suicide. In this case, the counselor needs to: a. Work with Thomas rather than referring him, and seek supervision and education to assist the counselor to be more capable of working with Thomas. b. Learn as much as possible about the course of Thomas's illness. c. Explore the impact of Thomas's religious beliefs on making his decision to end his life. d. Help Thomas seek medical treatment that will help him cope with his plan

A. work with Thomas rather than referring him, and seek supervision and education to assist the counselor to be more capable of working with Thomas.

14. 1. Most counseling centers and community mental health agencies now have guidelines regarding the duty to warn and protect when the welfare of others is at stake. These guidelines generally specify how to deal with: a. Emotionally healthy individuals and nonviolent behavior b. Emotionally disturbed individuals, violent behavior, threats, suicidal possibilities and other circumstances in which counselors may be legally and ethically required to breach confidentiality. c. Documentation and assessment of school children. d. Nonsuicidal individuals seeking assistance with living arrangements.

B. Emotionally disturbed individuals, violent behavior, threats, suicidal possibilities and other circumstances in which counselors may be legally and ethically required to breach confidentiality.

10. __________ involves being able to enter the client's world without getting lost in that world. a. Transference b. Empathy balance c. Empathy fatigue d. Countertransference

B. Empathy Balance

1. Contemporary theories of counseling: a. Are grounded on assumptions that are a part of Eastern Culture b. Emphasize the uniqueness of the individual, self- assertion, and ego strength c. Focus on interdependence and losing self in the totality of the cosmos d. Emphasize the social and cultural facts of human existence.

B. Emphasizes the uniqueness of the individual, self- assertion, and ego- strength

12. 1. _________ is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences. a. Feminist therapy b. Evidence based practice c. Behavior practice d. Systemic therapy

B. Evidence based practice

13. 1. Schools that receive federal funding are generally bound by the provisions of the: a. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Ace (HIPAA) b. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1994 (FERPA) c. H1N1 Prevention Act d. Confidentiality and Privileged Communication Act

B. Family educational rights and privacy Act of 1994 (FERPA)

8. 1. Through supervision supervisees gain the experience necessary to become: a. Effective gestalt therapists b. Independent professionals c. dependent professionals d. Psychoanalysts

B. Independent professionals

20. 1. _________ can best be viewed as an ongoing process aimed at increasing the range of chouces and the responsibility of the client as an active therapeutic partner. a. Diagnosis b. Informed Consent c. Documentation d. Case consultations

B. Informed Consent

11. The intent of a(n) ________ is to define boundaries and clarify the nature of the basic counseling relationship between the counselor and the client. a. Supervision contract b. Informed consent document c. HIPAA document d. Release of information form

B. Informed Consent Document

19. 1. The intended victims knowledge of a threat does NOT relieve therapists of the duty to protect, as can be seen by the decision in: a. Bradley Center v. Wessner b. Jabolski v. United States c. Tarasoff v. University of California Board of Regents d. Hedlund v. Superior Court

B. Jabolski v. United States

25. 1. _________ statutes determine and govern professional practice. a. Certification b. Licensure c. Registration

B. Licensure

24. Informing students prior to entering a training program that self-exploration will be part of their training: a. more than satisfies the requirement for informed consent. b. only minimally satisfies the requirement for informed consent. c. has little to do with informed consent. d. is a scare tactic that many programs use to screen out prospective students who are not serious candidates. <

B. Only minimally satisfies the requirement for informed consent.

25. Ongoing self-care is an essential part of a therapist's professional competence and: a. legal requirements. b. personal wellness program. c. social justice. d. client autonomy. om

B. Personal Wellness Program

26. Some sources of counselor stress include all of the following EXCEPT: a. a stressful work environment. b. practicing mindfulness. c. the stress that clients experience and talk about in therapy. d. working in managed care and educational systems.

B. Practicing Mindfulness

2. 1. James is in court facing drug- related charged and his therapist was subpoenaed to testify in court regarding any discriminating evidence concerning the case. His therapist came to court but refused to answer questions regarding the case or produce James' records. The therapist used the following legal concept to protect himself from forced disclosure: a. Confidentiality b. Priviledged communication c. Client privacy d. Taking the 5th amendment

B. Privileged Communication

34. 1. __________ can result from unjustified from usual practice or from failing to exercise proper care in fulfilling one's responsibilities. a. Malpractice b. Professional negligence c. Standard of care d. Termination :

B. Professional Negligence

27. 1. The basic standard of care for school counselors is clear; courts have uniformly held that: a. School personnel should not breach confidentiality at any time. b. School personnel have a duty to protect students from foreseeable harm. c. School personnel have a duty to protect students if confidentiality is not at risk. d. School personnel must release any and all information regarding students to faculty and parents.

B. School personnel have a duty to protect students from foreseeable harm.

21. 1. When therapists extend the boundaries of their practice, or when they branch out into an area requiring specialty competence, they should: a. Be sufficiently prepared if they read books and journal articles pertaining to the new specialty area. b. Seek consultation with a competent practitioner c. Return to graduate school and receive another degree. d. Gain competence on their own before consulting with other professionals.

B. Seek consultation with competent practitioner.

19. 1. __________ is a developmentally informed process that provides useful feedback during one's training and throughout one's professional career. a. Formative assessment b. Summative assessment c. Developmentally informed assessment d. Technique assessment

B. Summative Assessment

34. 1. The experts who testified at this trial believed the school board filed to provide adequate training for school personnel. Without training, school personnel will most likely underestimate the lethality of suicidal thoughts, statements, and attempts. The conclusion of this expert testimony was that the student would not have committed suicide if the employees had been adequately trained. Persuaded by this input, the court held that the school could be found negligent for failing to notify the decedent's mother. This explains the court decision in which court case? a. Eisel v. board of education b. Wyke v. Polk County School Board c. Hedlund v. Superior Court d. Ewing v. Goldstein

B. Wyke v. Polk County School Board

22. 1. Miguel has been providing couples counseling to Saundra and Steven for a couple of years and was recently invited to attend their 20th wedding anniversary party. Attending this event is an example of: a. A boundary violation b. A potentially beneficial nonprofessional interaction c. An unprofessional interaction d. A lapse of judgement

B. a potentially beneficial nonprofessional interaction

19. Tanya seems to meet some of her personal needs through counseling her clients. This is: a. a win/win situation for Tanya and her clients since it is always a sign of being highly invested in the process when counselors meet their own personal needs through their work. b. acceptable as long as these needs do not assume priority or get in the way of her clients' growth. c. never acceptable under any circumstances. d. illegal in 42 states.

B. acceptable as long as these needs to not assume priority or get in the way of her clients' growth.

27. 1. Mental health professionals must move forward and beyond the traditional approach of focusing solely on the intrapsychic, accept and recognize the impact of sociopolitical factors on our clients and their families, and determine how our advocacy can effectively address those issues. Part of their ethical and moral obligation is to a. Decide how they will work within the system and how they can get the most out of it for themselves b. Advocate with the aim of creating a just society in which all people have equal opportunities and resources to strive toward their personal goals c. Not support the philosophy and policies of agencies they may work at d. Change the agency's norms, values, and expectations to match their own

B. advocate with the aim of creating a just society in which all people have equal opportunities and resources to strive toward their personal goals.

27. 1. When in conflict with the clinical needs, context, competence, or consent, when the most well- intentioned nonsexual physical contact may be experienced as: a. Appropriate, gentle, and wanted contact b. Aggressive, frightening, intimidating, demeaning, arrogant, unwanted, insensitive, threatening, or intrusive c. Passive, soothing, calming, comforting, gentle, and peaceful d. Completely indifferent for both therapist and client

B. aggresive, firghtening, intimidating, demeaning, arrogant, unwanted, insensitive, threatening, or intrusive.

30. 1. Developing an approach to counseling is an ongoing and fluid process. Counselors in training tend to be drawn to a particular theory initially but modify it as they gain experience. Umtimately, your counseling orientation and style must: a. Include some aspects of psychanalytic theory. b. Be appropriate for the unique needs of your clients and for the type of counseling you do. c. Be a combination of all theories in the counseling field d. Be appropriate for some clients; other clients will change to fit your counseling orientation and style.

B. be appropriate for the unique needs of your clients and for the type of counseling you do.

3. A client defined sense of spirituality: a. Is not very important in therapy b. Can be significant avenue for connecting with the client and can be an ally in the therapeutic change process. c. Can create difficulty in the clients therapeutic process. d. Is more important if the therapist shares a similar definition.

B. can be significant avenue for connecting with the client and can be an ally in the therapeutic change process.

19. 1. ________ uses assessment to understand the client's pattern of thinking and to identify self- defeating beliefs. a. Feminist therapy b. Cognitive- behavioral approaches c. Behavior therapy d. Systemic therapies

B. cognitive behavioral approaches

16. 1. ________ is a comprehensive helping framework that is grounded in multicultural competence and oriented toward social justice. a. Community agencies b. Community counseling c. Community perspective d. Community workers

B. community counseling

31. 1. Which of the following is NOT a professional associations ethical codes or guidelines in regards to technology and online counseling a. Psychologists who offer online services inform clients of the risks to privacy and the limits of confidentiality b. Competence to provide online counseling is the most important aspect of ethical codes or guidelines. c. Counselors are expected to inform clients of the benefits and limitations of using technology in the counseling process d. Therapists must (a) determine the electronic therapy is appropriate for clients, taking into account the clients intellectual, emotional, and physical needs; (b) inform clients of the potential risks and benefits associated with electronic therapy; (c) ensure the security of their communication medium; and (d) only commerce electronic therapy after appropriate education, training, or supervised experience using the relevant technology.

B. competence to provide online counseling is the most important aspect of ethical codes or guidelines.

12. 1. Kenneth is involved in a specialized professional process that involves sharing expertise with others in the helping professions so they can better serve their own clients. He is functioning in the role of a: a. Therapist b. Consultant c. Paraprofessional d. Broker

B. consultant

24. 1. Elena, your client of two years, has just received the news that she is losing her insurance coverage; however, she recently has a breakthrough in therapy and needs to continue working on her issues. As an ethical therapist, you should: a. Refer her to a community mental health center where she can get services at a low cost. b. Determine new payment terms so Elena can continue working with you. c. Terminate therapy and give Elena some good book references so she can work through her issues on her own. d. Terminate therapy and encourage Elena to look in the Yellow pages for a new therapist who will accept a sliding scale arrangement.

B. determine new payment terms so Elena can continue working with you.

3. 1. Counselors who base their practice on aspirational ethics oppose all forms of a. Community services b. Discrimination and oppression c. Client support systems d. Codes of ethics.

B. discrimination and oppression.

26. 1. Kate has just accepted her first position as a counselor in a community agency. An agency policy requires her to conduct an intake interview with each client, determine a diagnosis, and establish a treatment plan- all in the first session. Once a diagnosis is established, clinicians have a maximum of five more sessions with a given client. With ethical and legal standards are possibly broken? a. Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to assess a client for at least five sessions before diagnosing. b. Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to carefully assess and accurately diagnose clients before commencing any intervention. c. Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to forgo diagnosing a client in order to properly treat the problem. d. Ethical and legal standards requiring professionals to pick a diagnosis that fits a criteria in order for insurance reimbursement.

B. ethical and legal standards requiring professional to carefully assess and accurately diagnose clients before commencing any intervention.

7. 1. Tony, a recently relocated Mexican- American man, is seeking help from Spanish- speaking organization designed to meet the needs of newly arriving legal immigrants. Tony is quite depressed, but reluctant to talk to his counselor about his problems. The counselor refers him to an indigenous resource who is more likely to be trusted by Tony, he was most likely referred to a. A paraprofessional worker b. Ethical religious leaders and institutions, energy healers, or respected community leaders c. An intern from a counseling program d. A community organizer

B. ethical religious leaders and institutions, energy healers, or respected community leaders.

22. 1. Counselors _________ when they use their skills in helping clients challenge institutional barriers that impede their personal, social, academic, or career goals a. Are overstepping their boundaries b. Function as advocates c. Are widely seen as hypocrites d. Are going above and beyond their role requirements "

B. function as advocates

26. If a therapist is secure in her or her own values, then: a. Her or she would use them to steer the client toward any direction he or she wants to in therapy. b. He or she will not be threatened by really listening to, and deeply understanding, people who think differently or do not share the same world view. c. Referral to another therapist may be necessary. d. He or she will focus on his or her problem rather than the client's

B. he or she will not be threatened by really listening to, and deeply understanding, people who think differently or do not share the same world view.

20. 1. Olivia, a new supervisor, is creating a template for supervisory contract she can use with supervisees. In the contract, she should include information related to all of the following except: a. Goals and objectives b. Her personal religious and sexual values c. Evaluation of job performance d. Cultural and advocacy competencies

B. her personal religious and sexual values.

29. 1. Many __________ of war struggle to function in society due to immobilizing PTSD symptoms, substance abuse and low social support a. Currently enlisted soldiers b. Homeless veterans c. Future soldiers d. Nonmilitary college students

B. homeless veterans

26. 1. Supervisors are independently experimenting with using technology to: a. Decrease their liability by supervising many trainees at one time is important b. Improve the breadth and depth of services offered to supervisees and clients c. Become inept at utilizing technology in their supervisory relationships because it will not become a necessity d. Begin educating on technology- assisted distance supervision because all states now have clear and in-depth regulations for this issue

B. improve the breadth and depth of services offered to supervisees and clients.

1. Joe has counseling practice and is also teaching psychology part- time at a university. He is well- liked and trusted by students and some have asked for private couneling. Joe has decided to wait until semester break before taking them on as clients. Joe would be: a. Exhibiting ethical behavior by telling his students that he will counsel them at the end of the semester. b. In dual relationship with his students, which may cause ethical problems. c. Playing favoritism by not counseling all of his students. d. Not qualified to counsel his students because he is a part- time instructor.

B. in dual relationship with his students, which may cause ethical problems.

19. 1. The process of systemic change can be defined as a. Increasing personal awareness and making better choices for oneself. b. Increasing public awareness, affecting public policy, and influencing legislation c. An impossible and futile goal d. Replacing one system or method with a new improved system or method, which is relatively easy to do

B. incresing public awareness, affecting public policy, and influencing legislation

1. _______ aim to change the social environment to reduce the mental and physical health problems of the population as a whole by influencing public policy a. Direct community services b. Indirect community services c. Community organization services d. Community counseling services nt:7.0p

B. indirect community services

30. 1. The HIPAA Privacy Rule was designed to provide a uniform level of privacy and security on the federal level. This Privacy Rule, which applies to both appear and electronic transmissions of protected health information by covered entities, developed out of the concern that transmission of health care information through electronic means could lead to widespread gaps in the protection of client confidentiality. Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the Privacy Rule? a. It requires health plans and other covered entities to establish policies and procedures to protect the confidentiality of health information about their patients. b. It provides detailed patient information to individuals outside of the health care agency. c. It requires technical administrative, and physical safeguards, to protect security of protected health information in electronic form. d. It provides patients with rights concerning how their health information is used and disclosed by health care providers who fall within the domain of HIPAA.

B. it provides detailed patient information about their patients.

29. 1. In general, supervision should address trainee's personal concerns: a. On a daily basis b. Only to the extent that they may impede their ability to effectively work with clients c. When the trainee is experiencing personal difficulties d. Never

B. only to the extent that they may impede their ability to effectively work with clients.

14. 1. According to the American School Counseling Association, in order to apply our knowledge and skills competently. a. Professional school counselors must be perfectly healthy. b. Professional school counselors monitor emotional and physical health and practice wellness to ensure optimal professional effectiveness. c. Self- care routines must be rigidly adhered to by professional school counselors on a daily basis. d. Professional school counselors must attend to physical and emotional well-being more often than mental or spiritual well-being.

B. professional school counselors monitor emotinal and physical health and practice.

6. _______ should include a record of client and therapist behavior that is clinically relevant, including interventions used, client responses to treatment strategies, the evolving treatment plan, and any follow-up measures taken. a. Assessments b. progress notes c. Intakes d. Screenings

B. progress notes

15. Self-care involves: a. compassion for and dedication to serving others. b. searching for positive life experiences that lead to zest, peace, excitement, and happiness. c. good public relations skills and an outgoing personality. d. high verbal reasoning abilities and a high IQ.

B. searching for positive life experiences that lead to zest, peace, excitement, and happiness.

12. 1. In the _________ court case, the court ruled that the student was provided adequate due to process, that the university had the obligation to uphold professional standards, that the university's policies and procedures were enunciated in the graduate catalog and other departmental documents, and that the faculty had followed these procedures. a. Board of Curators of the University of Missouri v. Horowitz b. Southwest Texas State University c. Jablonski v. the United States d. Hedlund v. Superior Court

B. southwest Texas State University

31. 1. Which of the following is NOT a reason for discouraging the practice of accepting friends as clients or of becoming socially involved with clients? a. Therapists may not be as challenging as they need to be with clients they know socially because of a need to be liked and accepted by the client. b. Therapists may be as effective with client they know socially as they are with clients they have never met previously to the therapeutic relationship. c. Counselors own needs may be enmeshed with those of their clients to the point that objectivity is lost. d. Counselors are at greater risk of exploiting clients because of the power differential in the therapeutic relationship.

B. therapists may be as effective with client they know socially as they are with clients they have never met previously to the therapeutic relationship.

7. Concerning counseling via the internet, which statement is most accurate? a. the codes of the major professional organizations offer detailed guidance regarding ethical practices in the use of technology. b. There are both advantages and disadvantages in using Internet technology to deliver counseling services. c. Most experts agree that what is being currently offered via Internet counseling is a form of traditional psychotherapy. d. This form of counseling is not suited to a problem- solving approach.

B. there are both advantages and disadvantages in using Internet technology to deliver counseling services.

24. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. It is important to understand that homosexuality and bisexuality and not indicative of mental illness. b. To date, the APA has not developed a separate set of guidelines for psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients c. The ethics codes of the ACA, the APA, and the NASW clearly state the discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is unethical and unacceptable d. Therapists have an ethical obligation to confront their person prejudices, myths, fears, and stereotypes regarding sexual orientation.

B. to date, the APA has not deveoped a separate set of guidelines for psychotherapy with lesbian, gay and bisexual clients.

2. 1. Practice counseling without an explicit theoretical rationale is somewhat like: a. Driving a car with a GPS device b. Trying to sail a boat with out a rudder c. Flying a plane without a co- pilot d. Taking a train ride al and cultu

B. trying to sail a boat without a rudder.

14. It is important for the counselor to refrain from self- disclosing: a. Never b. When the self- disclosure will make it more difficult to establish a trusting relationship. c. When the self- disclosure may help the client therapeutically d. Always

B. when the self- disclosure will make it more difficult to establish a trusting relationship.

28. 1. If each professional organization developed specific guidelines pertaining to students successful completion of a program, faculty in training programs: a. Would not have to work as hard to help students understand the material b. Would then have the backing of their professional association in determining the evaluation procedures to be used when decisions regarding retaining or dismissing students are made. c. Would have the correct information needed to train students to become therapists. d. Would be able to give the students the guidelines to study without training them.

B. would then have the backing of their professional association in determining the evaluation procedures to be used when decisions regarding or dismissing students are made.

33. 1. Which of the following is NOT a code of ethics in regards to sexual contact and the therapeutic relationship from various professional organizations? a. Sexual intimacy with current clients, or their spouses or partners, is prohibited. Engaging in sexual intimacy with individuals who are known to be close relatives, guardians or significant others of current clients is prohibited. b. Psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with current clients/patients; however, if a client/patient has not been treated within two years a relationship may become ethically approved. c. Sexual or romantic counselor client interactions or relationships with current clients or their family members are prohibited. d. Psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with individuals they know to be close relatives, guardians, or significant others of current client/ patients. Psychologists do not terminate therapy to circumvent this standard.

B: psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with current clients. patients; however, if a client/ patient has not been treated within two years a relationship may become ethically approved.

22. 1. Which of the following is NOT identified in the text as a guideline for counselors using the telephone? a. Exercise caution in discussing confidential or privileged information with anyone over the telephone and especially when employing digital and mobile technologies b. Set firm boundaries with clients from the beginning and address matters such as avoiding interruptions and privacy. c. After addressing the ethical guidelines and ensuring absolute privacy, counselors may speak to their clients as freely as they desire without fear that their conversations will be used in legal proceedings d. Disclose the limits of confidentiality with clients of wireless telephones are used.

C. After addressing ethical guidelines and ensuring absolute provacy, counselors may speak to their clients a freely as they desire without fear that their conversations will be used in legal proceedings.

29. 1. Ignoring evidence of peer misconduct is: a. Self-preserving b. Ethical c. An ethical violation d. Illegal but not unethical.

C. An ethical violation

22. Therapists who work with violent and suicidal clients: a. are less likely to experience burnout or impairments. b. will not feel the effects of stress if they do not experience countertransference. c. are particularly vulnerable to stress. d. are more likely to see a positive outcome in therapy.

C. Are particularly vulnerable to stress.

23. 1. _____ consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a clients life to identify themes for further exploration. a. Differential diagnosis b. Psychological diagnosis c. Assessment d. Psychometric Testing

C. Assessment

20. 1. Those who are responsible for educating and training mental health professionals are ethically and professionally obligated to: a. Focus extensively on mentoring trainees b. Invest all of their efforts into mentoring trainees and being advocates for them and their clients. c. Balance their roles as advocate and mentor of trainees with their gatekeeping role. d. Focus exclusively on their gatekeeping responsibilities.

C. Balance their roles as advocate and mentor of trainees witht their gatekeeping role.

11. 1. Which of the following would be an ineffective way of managing a clients suicidal ideation? a. Attempt to secure a promise from the client that he or she will not try to commit suicide. b. Immediately hospitalize the client c. Be willing to communicate your caring without setting limits. d. Recognize the limits of your competence and know when and how to offer.

C. Be willing to communicate your caring without setting limits.

17. 1. If it is suspected that danger or harm may occur to the client or to others as a result of a clients behavior, the human service professional acts in an appropriate and professional manner to protect the safety of those individuals. This may involve, but is not limited to, seeking consultation, supervision, and/ or breaking the confidentiality of the relationship. a. Hedlund v. superior court b. Tarasoff v. University of California Board of Regents c. Bradley Center v. Wessner d. Jablonski v. United States

C. Bradley Center v. Wessner

13. Which of the following court cases involved an employee assistance program provider who refused to counsel homosexual clients on the basis of religious beliefs and was eventually terminated by her employer? a. Jablonski v. United States b. Jaffee v. Redmond c. Bruff v. North Mississippi Health Services, Inc d. Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of the University of California

C. Bruff v. North Mississippi Health Services, Inc.

11. 1. __________ include any institution- public or private, nonprofit or for- profit, designed to provide a wide range of social psychological services to the community. a. Community perspectives b. Community workers c. Community agencies d. Community work ; <

C. Community agencies

9. 1. The ________ is relevant to all communities, but it is particularly relevant to underserved communities. By addressing the cause of the problem within the community, we can help change the lives of many individuals- not just the one person sitting in our office or clinic. a. Community workers b. Community agencies c. Community approach d. Community work

C. Community approach

9. 1. Empirical research ________ the centrality of the therapeutic relationship as a primary factor contributing to psychotherapy outcomes. a. Downplays b. Exaggerates c. Consistently supports d. Inconsistently supports

C. Consistently reports

31. The standards established by the _______ require that programs provide curricular and experiential offerings in multicultural and pluralistic trends, including characteristics withing and among diverse groups nationally and internationally. a. American Psychological Association b. National Association for Social Workers c. Council for Accreditation of counseling an related educational programs (CACREP) d. Canadian Counseling Association

C. Counsil for Accreditation of counseling an related educational programs (CACREP)

7. Joanne finds herself wanting to solve her client's problems, which are similar to the issues her daughter is going through. Joanne gives advice and feels frustrated when her client won't follow through on her suggestions. Her emotional reactions to her client, which involve her own projections, is based on: a. transference. b. nurturance. c. countertransference. d. caretaking.

C. Counter transference

25. 1. When personal concerns, such as ________ reactions, are discussed is supervision, the goal is to reinforce a supervisee's efforts to bring it into awareness, not to solve the trainee's problem. a. Trust b. Self- disclosure c. Countertransference d. Acknowledging diversity

C. Countertransference

22. ________ refers to a practitioners level of awareness, knowledge, and interpersonal skill needed to function effectively in a pluralistic society and to intervene on behalf of clients form diverse backgrounds. a. Cultural encapsulation b. Multicultural skill level c. Cultural diversity competence d. Interpersonal cognizance

C. Cultural Diversity Competence

30. Self-compassion involves: a. searching for positive life experiences. b. a basic component of many counseling programs, providing students with the opportunity to share their values. c. developing attitudes of caring, being nonjudgmental, being accepting, and being kind to ourselves. d. rejecting clients.

C. Developing attitudes of caring, being nonjudgemental, being accepting, and being kind to ourselves.

14. 1. _________ can be incurred when the actions of supervisors are the cause for harm. a. Breach of confidentiality b. Breach of informed consent c. Direct liability d. Vicarious Liability

C. Direct Liability

33. 1. In this court case, the court found that school counselors have a duty to use reasonable means to attempt to prevent a suicide when they know about a student's suicidal intentions. The reasoning of the court was that an adolescent is more likely to share thoughts of suicide with friends then with a school counselor, teacher, or parent. The court found that reasonable care would have included notify the student's parents that their daughter was at risk for suicide. a. Tarasoff v. University of California Board of Regents b. Ewing v. Goldstein c. Eisel v. Board of Education d. Jaffee v. Redmond

C. Eisel v. Board of Education

25. 1. In __________, the court expanded the practitioner's duty to warn those in danger to include the circumstance in which a family member communicates to a mental health practitioner a belief that the client poses a risk of grave bodily injury to another person. a. Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of the University of California b. Jaffee v. Redmond c. Ewing v. Goldstein d. Petersen v. Goldstein

C. Ewing v. Goldstein

25. 1. ________ believe that many symptoms stem from problems within the system, rather than originating in the individual. a. Cognitive behavioral therapists b. Cognitive therapists c. Family systems therapists d. Psychoanalysts :

C. Family systems therapists

5. Ruth is counseling a women who describes an extremely unhappy marriage. Ruth suggests she consider leaving her husband; however, the client has a deep spiritual conviction that marriage is life and is not willing to consider divorce as an option, Ruth attempts to change her clients viewpoint. In this case, Ruth is: a. Teaching her client to look at the negative consequences of her decision b. Exploring the clients spiritual reason for staying in the marriage c. Imposing her values on the client instead of exploring the clients reasons for staying in the marriage d. Helping her client to explore healthy options.

C. Imposing her values on the client instead of exploring the clients reasons for staying in thr marriage.

20. In multicultural counseling, one must balance the importance of __________ in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. a. Liberal and conservative views b. Western approaches and southern approaches c. Individualism versus collectivism d. Cultural encapsulation and assimilation

C. Individualism and Collectivism

9. 1. In _________, a supreme court decision ruled that communication between licensed psychotherapists and their clients are privileged and therefore protected from forced disclosure in cases arising under federal law. a. Bradley Center v. Wessner b. Jablonski v. United States c. Jaffee v. Redmond d. Hedlund v. superior court Communication

C. Jaffee v. Redmond

2. Because providing counseling services over the internet (also know as remote series or distance counseling) is relatively new and controversial, a host of legal questions will not be addressed until: a. The APA meets again to update the DSM b. The next ACA annual conference c. Lawsuits are filed pertaining to its use or misuse in counseling practice Clients are interviews about the effectiveness of online counseling.

C. Lawsuits are filed pertaining to its use or misuse in counseling practice.

28. 1. _________ is the failure to render professional services to exercise the degree of skills that is ordinarily expected of other professionals in a similar situation. a. Risk management b. Standard of care c. Malpractice d. Informed Consent

C. Malpractice

2. _________ counseling can be operationally defined as the working alliance between counselor and client that takes the personal dynamics of the counselor and client into consideration alongside the dynamics of the cultures of both of these individuals. a. Culturally encapsulated b. Diversity-sensitive c. Multicultural d. Transcultural

C. Multicultural

18. 1. When a practitioner has a license, he or she is: a. Competent to work with all populations. b. Competent to work with populations he or she had never worked with before c. Not competent to work with all populations d. Finally exempt from having his or her competence evaluated.

C. Not competent to work with all populations.

2. Mark is seeking abortion counseling from a practitioner who has been actively involved in the pro-life movement. The therapist has extreme discomfort with Mary's values and doesn't think he could maintain objectivity. It would be best if he: a. Doesn't share his values with Mary and work within the value system of his client. b. Help Mary understand his values so she can make a different decision concerning her pregnancy c. Not refer Mary, but will work within the clients values rather than his own. If he cannot obtain objectively, he will need supervision to work through his issues. Referring Mary to another therapist for this reason could be determined as abandonment. d. Set firm boundaries with Mary on what she can discuss in regards to her pregnancy.

C. Not refer Mary, but will work within the clients values rather than his own. if he cannot obtain objectively, he will need supervision to work through his issues. Referring Mary to another therapist for this reason could be determined as abandonment.

1. Rhonda is a counselor at a drug and alcohol treatment center. She grew up in an alcoholic home and is not fully aware of the "unfinished business" she has with her parents. She is still angry and resents her parents for having to grow up in an alcoholic family system. It is most likely that Rhonda will: a. be able to understand her addicted clients through her own childhood experiences. b. examine her unresolved conflicts as she continues to work in the treatment center. c. obstruct the progress of her clients as they attempt to move toward recovery. d. feel comfortable with her clients because she is familiar with their behavior.

C. Obstruct the progress of her clients as they attempt to move toward recovery.

8. The Death with Dignity Act is a law in which state? a. New York b. Texas c. Oregon d. California

C. Oregon

3. 1. As a matter of law, _________ refers to the constitutional right of an individuals to be left alone and to control their personal information. a. Self- disclosure b. Privileged communication c. Privacy d. Confidentiality latin'>

C. Privacy

4. 1. _______ is a general term covering the process of identifying an emotional or behavioral problem and making a statement about the current status of a client . a. Medical diagnosis b. Differential diagnosis c. Psychodiagnosis d. Cognitive appraisal

C. Psychodiagnosis

16. An African- American woman was interacting with her child in a domestic abuse shelter when she is over- heard saying to her child "keep touching that and Im going to whoop you" the social worker that heard this statement should: a. Immediately report the mother to Child Protective Services b. Tell the mother that she will be evicted from the shelter if she continues to talk to her child that way. c. Recognize that what constitutes abuse in one culture may not be viewed as abuse in another culture and is not reportable until it is determined that the child is in danger. d. Remove the child from the mothers care until the mother can learn how to talk to her child with respect.

C. Recognize that what constitutes abuse in one culture may not be viewed as abuse in another culture and is not reportable until it is determined that the child is in danger.

19. Kelly, a Christian, is the counselor at a public high school, One day, she was walking through the nurse's office and noticed some pamphlets that discussed safe sex and informed on how to use a condom. Appalled by the material, Kelly threw the pamphlets in the trash and replaced them with pamphlets promoting abstinence. Comparing Kelly's situation to the Grossman v. South Shore Public School District court case, what was the decision of the seventh circuit court of appeals on the therapists behavior? a. Kelly acted appropriately, and she should not be reprimanded in any way. b. There is no case of unethical behavior c. Religious beliefs do not trump the policies and requirements of the employing school district. Kelly acted unethically in disregarding the curriculum of the school and advocating her own personal beliefs about abstinence. d. It is illegal for public schools to supply information regarding safe sex, and the school will be help accountable for their actions.

C. Religious beliefs do nto trump the policies and requirements of the employing school district. Kelly acted unethically in disregarding the curriculum of the school and advocating her own personal beliefs about abstinence.

2. 1. __________ is an integral part of your professional training and is one of the ways in which you acquire competence needed to fulfill you professional responsibilities. a. Multiple relationships b. Counseling c. Supervision d. Gender- role socialization "

C. Supervision

23. 1. Existing clinical/ mental health models of _________ fail to meet the needs of school counseling trainees because these models do not address all o the tasks required of school counselors, which include leadership and advocacy. a. Confidentiality b. Competence c. Supervision d. Liability

C. Supervision

5. 1. Which if the following statements is not accurate? a. Supervisors are ultimately responsible, both ethically and legally for the actions of their trainees. b. Supervisors should not supervise more trainees than they can responsibly manage at one time. c. Supervisors are not expected to maintain records pertaining to their work with supervisees d. It is essential that supervisors have to oversee the actions of their supervisees

C. Supervisors are not expected to maintain records pertaining to their work with supervisees.

7. 1. The California court's ruling that requires therapists to breach confidentiality in cases where the general welfare and safety of others is involved is a result of the: a. Bradley Center v. Wessner decision b. Jablonski v. United States decision c. Tarasoff decision d. Hedlund v. superior court decision

C. Tarasiff Decision

23. Disagree with a client or not liking what a client is proposing can create a: a. Value imposition b. Value exploration c. Value conflict d. Personal value

C. Value Conflict

27. The reason why many counselor education programs encourage or require personal therapy for counselors in training is to engage in: a. Value imposition b. Personal values c. Value exploration d. Value conflicts

C. Value exploration

8. 1. ________ is a serious breach that results in harm to clients and is therefore unethical. a. A slippery slope b. A dual relationship c. A boundary violation d. A malpractice suit theme

C. a boundary violation

7. Referring a client for differing religious beliefs, sexual orientation, or cultural background is called: a. An appropriate referral b. A value imposition c. A discriminatory referral d. Value conflict

C. a discriminatory referral

30. 1. Continuing professional education is important because: a. The continuing education schools are in need of the income. b. Come practitioners did not receive the information in their educational program; until they attend continuing education programs, they cannot be held responsible for their actions. c. A practitioners level of competence may diminish over time; changes in laws pertaining to mental health, evolving ethical standards, and new trends in professional and evidence- based practices continue to be made. d. The information they reveal has never been shared in academic programs before.

C. a practitiones level of competence may diminish over time; changes in laws pertaining to mental health, evolving ethical standards, and new trends in professional and evidence- based practices continue to be made.

26. 1. Which of the following is NOT a possible multiple relationship in a small community? a. A therapist might attend the same church or community activities as the clients they serve. b. A therapist who is recovering alcoholic and attends Alcoholics Anonymous meetings may meet a client at one of these meetings. c. A therapist isolates him or herself in order to limit the possibility of multiple relationships d. In an isolated aera, a clergy person may seek counseling for a personal crisis from the only counselor in the town- someone who also happens to be a parishioner.

C. a therapist isolates him or herself in order to limit the possibility of multiple relationships.

15. 1. Which one of the following is NOT considered a guideline to minimizing the likelihood of sexual transgressions by clinicians? a. Seek professional support during times of personal loss or crisis. b. Differentiate between having sexual attraction to clients and acting on this attraction c. Avoid terminating the therapeutic relationship, even when sexual feelings obscure objectivity. d. Make it a practice to examine and monitor feelings and behaviors toward clients.

C. avoid terminating the therapeutic relationship, even when sexual feelings obscure objectivity.

10. Which of the following statements is most accurate? a. Spirituality and religion tend to fluctuate in importance to Americans. b. Freud believed that religious faith was important in the lives of his patients, which stemmed from his own strong religious beliefs. c. Counselors must understand their own spiritual/religious beliefs (or lack thereof) if they hope to gain an in-depth appreciation of the beliefs of their clients. d. When clients are searching for meaning in life it is appropriate

C. counselors must understand their own spiritual/religious beliefs (or lack thereof) if they hope to gain an in-depth appreciation of the beliefs of their clients.

4. Whether the client and the counselor come from a similar background or a different one, the process pf building rapport and trust are closely linked to: a. Immersion into the same culture with no connection or experiences with a different culture b. Ignorance and uneducation c. Cultural norms and intercultural experiences d. Biases formed from childhood

C. cultural norms and intercultural experiences.

28. 1. The ________ is grounded on strengths, focuses on strengths, focuses on assets and capacities, promotes capability and power, change conditions, and is aimed at prevention. This approach builds on identifying recourse within the individual, the group, or the community that can be more fully activated. a. Service approach b. Community approach c. Developmental approach d. Individual approach t

C. developmental approach

24. 1. Social justice is referred to as a _________, which entails a paradigm shift beyond the individual and represents a proactive concern with advocacy and social change and focuses on changing systems and policies on multiple levels. a. Community orientation b. Systems inequity c. Fifth force d. Social change

C. fifth force

17. 1. Clients can file a legal complaint against a therapist for sexual misconduct by all of the following methods EXCEPT: a. Filing a malpractice suit b. Filing an ethical complaint with the therapist's licensing board c. Lodging a complaint with the AARP d. Filing a criminal complaint or a civil suit

C. filing a complaint with the AARP

32. 1. Practitioners who favor the use of diagnostic procedures argue that such procedures enable the therapists to: a. Attach a label to the client, which stigmatizes them. b. Identify a diagnosis that will follow the client for the rest of their life, possibly keeping them from being accepted by any future insurance company c. Identify a particular emotional or behavioral disorder, which helps in designing an appropriate treatment plan. d. Pick and choose which symptoms truly fit the clients problems in order to create a diagnosis that will be reimbursed by insurance and remain on the clients record for possible future problems.

C. identify a particular emotional or behavioral disorder, which helps in designing an appropriate treatment plan.

27. The presence of chronic illness or severe psychological depletion that can prevent a professional from being able to deliver effective services and often results in consistently functioning below acceptable practice standards is called: a. empathy fatigue. b. burnout. c. impairment. d. client dependence.

C. impairment

5. Most ethical codes specify that therapists should: a. Believe available to their client even when they are vacation b. Inform clients that their records are inaccessible to them c. Inform clients that a diagnosis can become a permanent part of their file and have ramifications in terms of cost of insurance, long term insurability, and employment. d. Alter case notes that are damaging to the client if they are subpoenaed into court.

C. inform clients that a diagnosis can become a permanent part of their file and have ramifications in terms of cose of insurance, long term insruability, and employment.

3. 1. Ted is a counselor educator and also acts as therapeutic agent for his students' personal development, since personal awareness is considered to be an intrinsic part of developing counselor skills in the program at the university in which he teaches. Ted is: a. Totally unethical in attempting to guide his students toward self- awareness. b. Involved in a situation in which he will become so subjective that he will be unable to teach his students c. Involved in role blending, which is inevitable in the process of educating and supervising counselor trainees d. In a situation that automatically leads to a conflict of interest.

C. involved in role blending, which is inevitable in the process of educating and supervising counsleor trainees.

5. Termination of the therapy process: a. can be mandated by ethics codes alone. b. is regulated by state law. c. is decided jointly by both the client and the therapist. d. must always be decided solely by the therapist. Ne

C. is decided jointly by both the client and the therapist.

6. Frank is a Native American college student who is seeking information about his career choice form a male counselor. The counselor notices that he uses very little eye contact and needs to recognize that Frank: a. Lacks trust about the information he is receiving b. Is unlikely to follow through with his suggestions. c. Is likely to view direct eye contact as a lack of respect d. Would be more likely to have direct eye contact if the counselor were a female.

C. it is likely to view direct eye contact as a lack of respect.

29. 1. Therapists have the responsibility to prevent suicide if they can reasonably anticipate it. Once it is determined that a client is at risk for serious harm to self, the professional is: a. Released of all legal and ethical requirements to protect the client b. Legally, but not ethically, required to take appropriate action aimed at protecting the person. c. Legally and ethically required to take appropriate action aimed at protecting the person d. Ethically, but not legally, required to take appropriate action.

C. legally and ethically required to take appropriate action aimed at protecting the person.

5. 1. The skills and training required to effectively and appropriately treat clients in a specific area of practice, and is both an ethical and legal concept, is the definition for: a. Formative assessment b. Summative assessment c. Therapist competence d. Techniques

C. therapist competence

26. 1. A school counselor was working with Quan, whose presenting problem was anxiety pertaining to academic success in college. This was within the scope of the school counselor's training. However, during the course of therapy, Quan became very depressed and engaged in self- mutilation and other forms of self- destructive behavior. Quan's counselor recognized that these symptoms and behaviors reflected a problem area that was outside the scope of his practice. Ethical practice required that the school counselor: a. Attempt to work with Quan's problems and only refer if he become suicidal b. Have another school employee present in all sessions after the discovery is made. c. Make a referral to another professional who is competent to treat Quan's problems. d. Making a referral to a substance abuse counselor because all client's with these symptoms are self- medicating

C. make a referral to another professional who is competent to treat Quan's problems.

9. 1. Most professional organizations support efforts to: a. Require pro bono work at the rate of at least 20% of the work week of all professionals b. Write regulations that encourage competition c. Make continuing education a mandatory condition of relicensing d. Require personality tests from all practitioners to ensure that those who enter the field are in good mental health.

C. make continuing education a mandatory condition of relicensing

15. 1. ________ occurs when a supervisor has concurrent or consecutive professional or nonprofessional relationships with a supervisee in addition to the supervisor- supervisee relationship. a. Multicultural supervision b. Clinical supervision c. Multiple- role relationship in supervision d. Competence

C. multiple- role relationship in supervision

25. 1. The foundation of all ethical practice is promoting the welfare of clients. To overlook the abilities, strengths, and resources within the community is doing a great disservice to the individuals we serve. If we hope to bring about significant changes within individuals and communities are: a. Need to use community resources as a way to quicken therapy. b. Must change the people who are affected by these conditions so they will accept them. c. Need to change the conditions that affect people rather than change the people affected by these conditions d. Must not work with client problems in their cultural context

C. need to chaneg the conditions that ffect people rather than change the people affected by these conditions.

3. 1. As a part of the process pf screening candidates for a therapist training program, counselor educators should complete all of the following EXCEPT: a. Provide candidates with information about what will be expected of them. b. Encourage candidates to screen the program to ensure a good fit. c. Place most of the emphasis on candidates GRE scores. d. Inform candidates they are expected to engage in self- disclosure and to participate in various self- growth activities.

C. place most of the emphasis on candidates GRE scores.

25. 1. Samuel has been planning a two-week vacation to Europe for months. He is a private practitioner and has a caseload of clients who have dependency issues. As an ethical practitioner, Samuel should: a. Not inform his clients until a few days before he leaves. b. Not go on vacation so as to not increase his clients anxiety levels. c. Provide his clients with another therapist in case of need. d. Bring back a souvenir for each client to show them how important they are to him.

C. provide his clients with another therapist in case of need.

6. 1. Registry is generally a voluntary listing of individuals who use a title or provide a service. _______ represents the LEAST degree of regulation of professional practice. a. Certification b. Licensure c. Registration d. Accreditation

C. registration

30. 1. Practitioners in rural settings often find themselves involved in multiple relationships. Challenges the deal with include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Professional isolation b. High visibility in the community c. Spending a minimal amount of time traveling between professional engagements d. Coping with the inevitability of multiple relationships.

C. spending minimal amount of time traveling between professional engagements

7. Marie is working with a lesbian client who is in a dysfunction relationship with another women. She is seeking counseling to sort out her options regarding leaving her emotionally abusive partner. Marie can assist her client by: a. Automatically attributing her client's problems to her sexual orientation b. Attempting to change the sexual orientation of her client c. Supporting her clients attempt to leave the abusive relationship, work on her abuse issues, and eventually enter into a positive lesbian relationship. d. Encouraging her client to realize how difficult it is to live in a lesbian relationship.

C. support her clients attempt to leave the abusive relationship, work on her abuse issues, and eventually enter into a positive lesbian relationship.

32. 1. California enacted a law in 2011 allowing mental health practitioners to treat minors (12 years or older) if: a. A minor wold like to enter into a counseling relationship: it is necessary to have informed parental consent or for counseling to be court ordered. b. The practitioner is informed by the minor he or she would like to enter into a counseling relationship for minor educational purposes. c. The practitioner determines the minor is mature enough to participate inteilligently in outpatient treatment or mental health counseling. However, the statue does require parental involvement in the treatment unless the therapist finds, after consulting with the minor, that this would be inappropriate under the circumstances. d. There is no reason for a minor to be treated without parent consent.

C. the practitoner determines the minor is mature enough to participate inteligently in outpatient treatment or mental health counseling. However, the status does require parental involvement in the treatment unless the therspist finds, after consulting with the minor, that this would be innapropriate under the circumstances.

6. 1. Practitioners must have a clear understanding of ________ and have a sense of the expected outcomes of their interventions. a. The creativity behind the techniques they employ b. The client's family members c. The techniques they use d. The clients entire life story

C. the techiniques they use.

20. It is believed that countertransference involves: a. ongoing personal therapy. b. the client's projection of their feelings or attitudes onto the therapist. c. the therapist's total emotional responses to a client including feelings, associations, fantasies, and fleeting images. d. a healthy relationship between client and therapist.

C. the therapist's total emotional responses to a client including feelings, associations, fantasies, and fleeting images.

22. 1. Which of the following would NOT be found in manages care contacts? a. "gag clauses" that prohibit practitioners from sharing my negative information anput managed care policies b. Informing the client the managed care company may request a clients diagnosis, results on any tests given, a wide range of clinical information, treatment plans, and perhaps even the entire clinical record of a client c. Information regarding limits of confidentiality and the potential repercussions of disclosing personal information to insurance providers. d. Information regarding benefits, risks and costs of various interventions.

D. Information regarding benefits, risks and costs of various interventions.

11. 1. _______ is as essential as informed consent in counseling practice. It is beneficial to discuss the right of supervisees from the beginning of the supervisory relationship in much the same way as the rights of clients are addressed early in the therapy process. a. The supervisory relationship b. The supervisees experience c. Clinical supervision d. Informed consent in supervision

D. Informed consent in supervision

35. 1. _________ is designed to encourage reporting of any suspected cases of child, elder, or dependent adult abuse; thus, therapists are advised to err on the side of reporting in uncertain circumstances. a. Reportable abuse b. Dependent abuse c. Elder abuse d. Mandatory reporting

D. Mantatory reporting

8. 1. It is an ethical, and sometimes legal obligation of therapists to be mindful that a medical evaluation is many times indicated. Which of the following is NOT a reason to refer for a medical evaluation? a. Dementia b. Schizophrenia c. Bipolar Disorder d. Marital Discord

D. Marital Discord

29. The "freedom of conscience" clause states: a. The client has the freedom to decide where to go in therapy. b. The therapist has the right to refer clients because of spiritual beliefs. c. The client has the right to know what the therapist is thinking d. Mental health professionals will not put their licensure status in jeopardy by denying services to clients on the basis of sincerely held religious beliefs.

D. Mental health professionals will not put their licensure status in jeopardy by denying services to clients on the basis of sincerely held religious beliefs.

6. Which of the following therapist behaviors might be indicative of a countertransference reaction? a. Refraining from giving advice b. Allowing the client the space to experience and release anger c. Empowering a client to make decisions d. Overprotecting or rejecting a client

D. Overprotecting or rejecting a client

25. 1. Mentors often balance a multiplicity of roles. Which of the following would NOT be considered one of these roles? a. A teacher and counselor b. Role model c. Guide and Friend d. Partner

D. Partner

19. 1. In the event that a practitioner is sued, he or she should: a. Try to resolve the matter directly with the client b. Destroy or alter files or reports that may be incriminating c. Enter into personal therapy d. Promptly retain an attorney

D. Promptly retain an attorney

28. Ongoing problems associated with the work of helping professionals include all of the following EXCEPT: a. stress. b. burnout. c. vicarious traumatization. d. self-care.

D. Self- Care

3. 1. Which if the following is NOT a reason clinical supervisors are increasingly vulnerable and at risk for ethical and legal liability. a. Clinical supervisors are legally responsible for the welfare of those clients counseled by their trainees b. Clinical supervisors have a legal and ethical obligation to respect the confidentiality of client communications c. Clinical supervisors must see that trainees provide the information to clients they need in order to make informed choices. d. There are no formal courses a clinician can take to become a clinical supervisor.

D. There are no formal courses a clinician can take to become a clinical supervisor.

27. 1. _______ is a basic component of practitioner competence a. Competence b. Techniques c. Accreditation d. Training

D. Training

12. Empathy fatigue is common in professionals who: a. practice self-care techniques. b. work in administrative positions and do not treat individuals. c. treat clients without empathy and rarely care about client outcomes. d. treat survivors of stressful and traumatic events; treat people with mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders; and work in vocational settings with people with mental and physical disabilities. ly

D. Treat survirors of stressful and traumatic events; treat people with mood, anxiety, and stress related disorders; and work in vocational settings with people with mental physical disabilities.

6. 1. _________ pertains to the responsibilities supervisors have to oversee the actions of their supervisees. a. Breach of confidentiality b. Breach of informed consent c. Direct liability d. Vicarious Liability

D. Vicarious Liability

18. 1. Leanne began to feel overwhelmed with her job at the counseling center. In addition to her regular duties, she was responsible for supervising all trainees. To manage her time, she spent a disproportionate amount of time with certain trainees and neglect others, assuming they had the skills to fend for themselves. If a client of one of her neglected trainees decided to file a lawsuit, it is likely that Leanne would bear: a. Breach of confidentiality b. Breach of informed consent c. No liability because her employer would be held responsible d. Vicarious and direct liability

D. Vicarious and direct liability

18. 1. Which of the following situations do NOT justify the use of remote services consistent with ethical practice and in keeping with regulatory standards. a. When service is provided in the context of an existing therapy relationship. b. When in-person treatment is either difficult or impossible to access due to clients remote location. c. When remote services offer practical advantages over in-person treatment (a clients busy schedule makes remote sessions more efficient) d. When the client desires remote sessions and the therapist has insufficient information about the client.

D. When the client desires remote sessions and the therapist has insufficient information about the client.

4. 1. Nakita is in African- American mother with four children who has had difficulty finding housing in a safe community, Lisa, her social worker, suspects that racial discrimination is involved and takes Nakita to sites that she has previously screened for availability. In this case, Lisa is acting as an a. Evaluator b. Advisor c. Advocate d. Ombudsman span><

D. advocate

27. 1. Counselors must give extra attention to avoid misdiagnosing and pathologizing certain cultural groups. In order to avoid these issues, counselors need to: a. Carefully consider all aspects of clients' culture without considering clients past and present life circumstances. b. Carefully consider the clients past and present life circumstances only c. Carefully consider the clients decisions in life with no regard of culture. d. Carefully consider the ways in which clients' socioeconomic and cultural experiences can influence behavior, including the presentation of symptoms.

D. carefully consider the ways in which clients socioeconomic and cultural experiences can influence behavior, includng the presentation of symptoms.

23. 1. Training programs have a responsibility to complete all of the following EXCEPT: a. Honor their commitment to the students they admit b. Protect future consumers who will be served by those who graduate. c. Screen candidates so the public will be protected from incompetent practitioners d. Continue evaluating students up to five years after graduation

D. continue evaluating stufents up to 5 years aftrer graduation.

13. 1. In regards to advocacy competencies, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Ethical practice requires counselors to assume an advocacy role that is focused on affecting public opinion, public policy and legislation b. Practitioners need to develop an awareness of their own beliefs and attitudes regarding social issues and marginalized populations, the scope of their knowledge, and their level of skill at intervening within the different domains of advocacy c. Multicultural competence is essential in understanding the cultural relevance and appropriateness of advocacy interventions as counselors bring their own attitudes and beliefs to the sociopolitical history of their communities d. Counselors who have a social justice advocacy perspective demonstrate minimal leadership abilities and do not understand the importance of speaking out.

D. counselor swho have a social justice advocacy perspectice demonstrate minimal leadership abilities and do nt understand the importance of speaking out.

8. Regarding counseling with children and adolescents, informed consent of parents or guardians may NOT be legally required when a minor is seeking counseling for: a. Difficulties in school or at home. b. A safe place to discuss normal changes adolescents experience throughout their developmental process. c. Assistance with planning their educational future d. Dangerous drugs or narcotics, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy and birth control, and examination following alleged sexual assault of a minor over 12 years of age.

D. dangerous drugs or narcotics, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy and birth control, and examination followinf alleged sexual assualt of a minor over 12 years of age.

33. 1. Generally, the best way to proceed when you have concerns about the behavior of a colleagues is to: a. Not address the problem until a client has been injured emotionally or physically b. Speak with other colleagues to determine if they have the same concerns. c. Speak directly with the client about your colleagues behavior d. Deal directly with the colleague, unless doing so would compromise a clients confidentiality.

D. deal directly with the colleague, unless doing so would compromise a clients confidentiality.

3. The culturally encapsulated counselor is characterized by: a. Defining reality according to the clients reality b. Showing sensitivity to cultural variations among individuals c. Evaluating other viewpoints and making attempts to accommodate the behavior of others d. Defining reality according to a narrow set of cultural assumptions and failing to evaluate other viewpoints; making little attempt to understand and accept thee behavior of others.

D. defining reality according to a narrow set of cultural assumptions and failing to evaluate other viewpoints; making little attempts to understand and accept the behaviors of others.

5. 1. Ethical guidelines regarding confidentiality require the counselors do NOT: a. Allow clerical assistants to handle confidential information. b. Use client records to consult with experts or peers. c. Use client case studies to teach or write books, even when their clients identities are disguised. d. Disclose client information unless there is clear and imminent danger to the client or others or when legal requirements demand that confidential information be revealed.

D. disclose information unless there is clear and imminent danger to the client or others or when legal requirements demand that confidential information be revealed

30. 1. Boundary issues in the supervisory relationship for school counselors include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Multiple relationships b. Including discussions of personal concerns c. Discussing personal information of teachers and co-workers d. Discussing the evaluation process and procedures during the initial session

D. discussing the evaluation prcess and procedures during the initial session.

31. 1. The movement toward grounding psychotherapy practice on a scientific foundation led to the concept of: a. Differential diagnosis b. Psychometric testing c. Psychological diagnosis d. Empirically supported treatments.

D. empirically supported trratments

17. 1. Which of the following would be LEAST likely to lead to a malpractice suit? a. Failure to obtain or document informed consent. b. Practicing beyond the scope of competency c. Unhealthy transference relationships d. Engaging in a bartering arrangement with a client

D. engaging in a bartering arrangement with a client.

16. 1. To ensure an optimal learning experience, a supervisee is responsible for all of the following except: a. Coming prepared to each supervision session b. Being an active participant in supervision c. Taking the initiative to ask for what is needed from your supervisor during supervision d. Establishing flexible boundaries with your clients.

D. establishing flexible boundaries with your client.

20. 1. When considering administrating or interpreting testing, in order to increase the likelihood you are practicing in a culturally sensitive manner, it is important to pay attention to all of the following points EXCEPT: a. Be familiar with any test you use, preferably taking it yourself first. b. Know the standards pertaining to testing in your professions' codes of ethics. c. Select, with your client's help, appropriate tests while keeping in mind cultural issues with testing. d. Give clients the test scores only, suggesting they look online for results.

D. give clients the test scores only, suggesting they look online for results.

9. Denise is a Euro- American social worker who is a former welfare client. A divorce and mother of four, she succeeded in completing her degree and getting off the system in four years. She is now working in a welfare-to-work program and sets similar goals for her multicultural clients. Denise's attitude and actions indicate that she: a. Believes in her clients ability to achieve and live up to her expectations b. Is well intentioned and willing to change her clients c. Can serve as a model of what her clients can accomplish with their lives- if she could do it, so can her clients d. Is operating out of the majority value system and presuming that her clients have the same goals.

D. is operating out o the majority value system and presuming that her clients have the same goals.

21. 1. Clinicians who oppose any form of physical contact with their clients (nonerotic touching) believe all of the following except: a. It can promote dependency. b. It can interfere with the transference relationship c. It can be misread by clients d. It can become a healthy romantic relationship

D. it can become a healthy romantic relationship

34. 1. Which of the following statements about giving or receiving gifts is FALSE? a. Lavish gifts certainly present an ethical problem; yet, we can go too far in the direction of trying to be ethical and actually damage the therapeutic relationship. b. It is important to recognize when accepting a gift from a client is clinically contraindicated and that you be willing to explore this with your client. c. In working with culturally diverse client populations, clinicians often discover that they need to engage in boundary crossing to enhance the counseling relationship. d. It could be more problematic to accept a gift at a later stage of a counseling relationship.

D. it could be more problematic to accept a gift at a later stage of a counseling relationship.

7. 1. Feminist therapists have challenged the DSM system and proposed alternatives for making meaningful assessments. Therapists who question the usefulness of traditional diagnosis make all of the following observations EXCEPT? a. Because the emphasis is on pathology, deficits, limitations, problems and symptoms, individuals are not encouraged to find and utilize their strengths, assets, competencies, and abilities b. Diagnosis is typically done by an expert observing a person's behavior and experience from an external viewpoint, without reference to what they mean to the client. c. Diagnostic categories can minimize the uniqueness of the client d. It is based on a systematic approach that views the source of distress as being within the entire system rather than on the individual.

D. it is based on systemicc approach that views the source of distress as being within the entire system rather than on the individual.

27. 1. With increasing numbers of problems and a greater responsibility for the mental health needs of children and adolescents: a. It makes sense for school counselors to be licensed to carry a concealed weapon while on a school campus b. It is important to build larger juvenile detention centers to admit children and adolescents who misbehave in school in order to lessen the chance of a major breakdown, which could injure well behaved children and/or adolescents c. School counselor must adhere to state laws and refuse to work at a school where violence is prevalent. d. It makes sense for school to carefully examine ways to develop clinical supervision programs.

D. it makes sense for schools to carefully examine ways to develop clinical supervision programs.

15. 1. Not possessing the competence to use the DSM-5 appropriately raises an ethical issue. Practitioners who use the DSM diagnosis must be trained. This training requires learning more than diagnostic categories; it involves: a. Understanding V and D- codes b. Knowing how to make a diagnosis fit criteria accepted by an insurance company c. Knowing how to work within some kind of diagnostic and assessment framework but not needing a clear picture of the clients problem. d. Knowing personality theory, psychopathology, and seeing how they relate to therapeutic practice.

D. knowing personality theroy, psycopathology, and seeing how they relate to therapeutic practice.

17. Which of the following is NOT a way you can involve yourself in therapeutic experiences that can increase your availability to clients? a. Individual and/or group counseling b. Continuing education c. Keeping a personal journal and reading d. Limiting travel and new experiences an

D. limiting travel and new experiences

2. 1. According to the Canadian Psychological Association. The following is TRUE concerning standards on multiple relationships: a. There is a clear consensus among practitioners regarding nonsexual relationships in counseling b. Due to the fact that there are clinical, ethical, and legal risks, all blending roles must be avoided. c. Objectivity in counseling in enhanced with dual relationships. d. Manage dual or multiple relationships or any other conflict of interest situation entered into in such a way that bias, lack of objectivity, and risk of exploitation or harm are minimized.

D. manage dual or multiple relationships or any other conflict of interest situation entered into in such a way that bias, lack of objectivity, and risk of exploitation or harm are minimized.

11. According to researchers, counselor's personal religious values: a. Do not affect the therapeutic relationship b. Only affect the therapeutic relationship when discussing spiritual issues. c. Should be ignored at all times. d. May affect their therapeutic work, directly or indirectly, with clients presenting with end-of-life issues. e

D. may affect their therapeutic wor, directly or indirectly, with clients presenting with end-of-life issues.

14. 1. Therapists can deal with powerful attractions to clients by: a. Repressing their feelings of attraction. b. Asking the client if the feeling is mutual c. Terminating the relationship immediately d. Monitoring boundaries by setting clear limits on physical contact, self- disclosure, and client requests for personal information.

D. monitoring boundaries by setting clear limits on physical contact, self- disclosure, and client requests for personal information.

12. 1. Boundary management is: a. Not an issue in sparsely populated areas. b. Less challenging in rural areas than in urban areas. c. Equally as challenging in rural and urban areas d. More challenging in rural areas than in urban areas.

D. more challenging in rural areas than in urban areas

26. 1. In regards to helpers working in the community, providing services in _______ may be clinically and ethically indicated and may be most beneficial to clients. a. Mental health offices b. Mental health institutions c. School counselor offices d. Nontraditional settings outside the office

D. nontraditional settings outside the office.

10. In regards to unethical behavior of colleagues, the National Association of Soicla Workers states: a. "when rehabilitation counselors have reason to believe that another rehabilitastion counselor is violating or has violated an ethical standard, they attempt first to resolve the issue informally with the other rehabilitation. Counselor fi feasible, provided such action does not violate confidentiality rights that may be involved." b. "Human service professionals response appropriately to unethical behavior of colleagues. Usually this means initially talking directly with the colleague and, if no resolution is forthcoming, reporting the colleague's behavior to supervisory or administrative staff and/or to the professional organization(s) to which the colleague belongs." c. "informal peer monitoring is one way to assume responsibility for watching out for each other." d. "social workers should take adequate, measures to discourage, prevent, expose, and correct the unethical conduct of colleagues.

D. social workers should take adequate, measures to discourage, prevent, expose and correct the unethical conduct of colleagues

33. Cultural differences are: a. Objective, simple and apathetic b. Objective, complex, and dynamic c. Subjective, simple and apathetic d. Subjective, complex, and dynamic

D. subjective, complex, dynamic

10. 1. Professional codes of ethics for supervisors agree that: a. Social interaction with supervisees is essential to effective counselor training b. All dual or multiple relationships with supervisees are unethical c. Sexual relationships between supervisors and students are unethical unless the student freely consents d. Supervisors occupy a position of power and should not engage in sexual relationships with the student.

D. supervisors occupy a psition of power and should not engage in suxual relationships with the student.

28. 1. The ethics codes of most professional organizations provide guidelines for the ethical practice of bartering. Some more recent codes (APA, NASW, AAMFT, and ACA): a. State the practice of bartering is unethical no matter the circumstances b. Take a more strict attitude increasing the punishment for practice bartering c. State bartering should take place of payment; therefore, the therapeutic relationship can become more trustworthy d. Take a more flexible and less punitive attitude toward bartering.

D. take a more flexible and less punitive attitude toward bartering.

12. Which one of the following reasons for the underutilization of mental health services by minority groups is not true? a. Biased nature of the services b. Child care issues c. Transportation challenges d. The medical model of clinical counseling is a good fit for this population and is not utilized enough

D. the medical model of clinical counseling is a good fit for this population and is not utilized enough.

11. 1. Barriers to dismissing a student who demonstrates dysfunctional interpersonal behavior from a training program include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Lack of adequate procedures in place to support a dismissal decision b. Concern about the heightened resistance or defensiveness in the trainee. c. The potential for receiving criticism from other faculty or supervisors who were not involved in the trainee's remediation. d. The potential for receiving criticism from other faculty members who were not involved in the trainee's remediation.

D. the potential for receiving criticism from other faculty memebrs or supervisors who were not involved in the trainees remediation

17. 1. ________ is the best predictor of treatment outcome. a. A clients motivation b. Severity of the clients symptoms c. Cost d. The relationship between therapist and client

D. the relationship between therapist and client

21. 1. Which of the following topics would NOT be appropriate to discuss during the initial supervisory session? a. The supervisor's expectations regarding supervisee preparedness for supervisory meeting b. The supervisors expectations regarding formal and informal evaluations c. The supervisors expectations regarding the structure and/ or the structure of the supervisory sessions d. The supervisors marital and family issues =

D. the supervisors marital and family issues.

4. The definition of a minor varies from state to state; however, a. All states agree a minor is under 18 b. All states agree on the age a minor can consent to their own health care in all circumstances c. All states agree minors are incapable of counseling to any and all health care due to lack of maturity d. The upper range is 18 to 21 years of age, although some states authorize 16 year olds' to consent to their own health care in some circumstances.

D. the upper range is 18 to 21 years of age, although some states authorize 16 year olds' to consent to their own health care in some circumstances.

16. 1. According to the American Counseling Association, counselors practice only within the boundaries of their competence, based on: a. Their knowledge, skills, and practices in the following areas: foundations, diversity, and politics, assessment, research and evaluation, an diagnosis. b. Psychology does not currently have methods to readily or reliably assess the performance of professional functions. c. Peer review boards or other appropriate bodies. d. Their education, training, supervised experience, state and national professional credentials, and appropriate professional experience.

D. their education, training, supervised experrience, state and national professional credentials, and appropriate professional experience.

14. 1. Maria, a Mexican American women, will live with her parents until she marries. A culturally competent and sensitive counselor will understand that: a. Maria's parents are enmeshed in her life. b. Maria is afraid to live alone c. Maria must move out of her parents home if she wants to truly be a healthy individual d. This may be a result of gender- role expectations in Maria's family and not enmeshment. =

D. this may be a result of gender- role expectations in Maria's family and not enmeshment.

6. 1. Linda is considered developing a multiple or dual relationship with her client. It is important for Linda to remember: a. That all multiple relationships should be avoided because they are usually harmful. b. That absolute answers are available to resolve dual or multiple relationship dilemmas. c. To be cautious in order to protect herself from censure d. To consider whether the potential benefit outweighs the potential for harm.

D. to consider whether the potential benefit outweighs the potential for harm

13. Which of the following is NOT true about referrals? a. Referrals have become common practice among mental health service providers at the expense of exploring other possibilities. b. The overuse of client referral among mental health providers often involves discriminatory practices that are rationalized as ways to avoid harming the client and practicing beyond one's level of competence. c. Referring clients has been discussed frequently in professional journals. d. The psychological community needs to critically examine why mental health practitioners may refer clients over value conflicts and why these practitioners assume that such practices are appropriate, reasonable, and acceptable.

c. referring clients has been discussed frequently in professional journals.

16. People who say they are ________ usually are trying to communicate that they do not discriminate and that they treat others equally; however, in doing so, they are ignoring a vital part of that person's identity. a. Racist b. Microaggressive c. Color blind d. Culturally Aware

c> color blind