Bib Lit Exam #3

Mephibosheth

"from the mouth of shame" son of Jonathan, and grandson of King Saul

Amos

(765-760 BC) From Judah a town called Tekoa, shepherd and keeper of sycamore figs. His message: condemns the social injustice, warns about impending judgement. Main theme: Day of the Lord- calling them to true repentance.

Joab

(Blessing p. 239) Abner-> Ish-Bosheth while JOAB-> David they met at a pool near Gibeon and decided to have a "contest." -> death of 24 men JOAB KILLED ABNER bc Abner killed his brother

Megillot

(Festival Scrolls) parts of the Ketuvim ("Writings"), the third major section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible). The Five Scrolls are the Song of Songs, the Book of Ruth, the Book of Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and the Book of Esther. These five relatively short biblical books are grouped together in Jewish tradition.

Bethel and Dan

(Place) After seeking advice, the king made two golden calves. He said to the people, "It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem. Here are your gods, Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt." One he set up in Bethel, and the other in Dan.

Jehoiakim

11-year reign was disastrous. Although he had opportunity to follow his father Josiah's righteous example, Jehoiakim turned to evil. Jeremiah described him as a presumptuous ruler who abused his own people and persecuted and murdered God's servants.

Rehoboam

1st Southern King Viewed as evil Lost 10 tribes through stupidity: refused to cut taxes & threatened to raise them Only Judah & Benjamin tribes left Suffered invasion from Egypt (Shishak) Levites who were unemployed under Jeroboam's syncretistic religion-> South slip-> 18 wives & 60 concubines but loved Maacah the most-> so her son the next king in line

Parallelism

3 types: synonymous- A=B- same sentiment=equivalent Antilletic- A isn't B- opp./contrasting Synthetic- A&B- constructive parallelism- 1st verse=A, extended=B, sometimes C

structure, genre and themes presented in class about the book of Psalms.

4 original types- hymns, common laments, ind. laments, thanksgiving hymns(songs of praise), lament(ind. lament), royal, thanksgiving structure- anthology of poems, individual psalms for larger units, 5 books, 3rd book deals with the temple dedication. by Solomon, 4 & 5 deal with Hezekiah's national religious revival

Omri

4th dynasty of Northern. Kingdom reigned 6 years in Tirzah one of most influential kings of I alliances with Assyrian/phoenicians- arranges marriage for Ahab with Jezebel moved capital to Samaria- remains there until 722 BC

Asaph

A Levite, son of Berechiah, one of the leaders of David's choir. (1 Chronicles 6:39) Psalms 50 and 73-83 are attributed to him; and he was in after times celebrated as a seer as well as a musical composer.

Jezebel

Ahab's wife (Ahab- 8th king in the N.K.) Was a capable administrator, albeit somewhat ruthless in looking out for her own interests Served Baal and Asherah Dominated over Ahab

key events in David's life (mostly listed in the textbook), his strengths and weaknesses. Understand why he was a "man after God's own heart," and the problems he had as king

Although he was anointed as Saul's successor, he waited approx. 18 yrs. B4 he was King of Judah, after king in Hebron-> wait 7.5 years b4 was king over ALL Isr. He wins the love of people & his reputations grows Jonathan acknowledges/predicts David's future God protects him from Saul's schemes God directs him through the ephod Saul acknowledges David's future kingship Strengths: David was a shepherd & a musician Weaknesses: Bathsheba "Man after God's own heart" Loved & honored God Trusted in God & not physical weapons Understood God's power Feared the Lord-> David refused to harm Saul, David executed those who claimed to have kill the king Trusted God Inquired of God Problems he had as king adulterer/murderer: Bathsheba/ Uriah the Hittite Passive Parenting Tamar & Amnon Absalom kills Amnon & is then banished for 3 yrs.but doesn't see David til 2 years later Absalom's conspiracy Pride Census taking (2 Sam 24:1-17)

Amnon

Although he was the heir-apparent to David's throne, Amnon is best remembered for the rape of his half-sister Tamar, daughter of David with Maachah.

Athaliah

Athaliah was queen consort of Judah as the wife of King Jehoram, a descendant of King David, and later queen regnant for six years.

Baal

Baal was the name of the supreme god worshiped in ancient Canaan and Phoenicia. The practice of Baal worship infiltrated Jewish religious life during the time of the Judges, became widespread in Israel during the reign of Ahab and also affected Judah.

Baasha

Baasha was the son of Ahijah, of the tribe of Issachar. He was the third King of the northern kingdom of Israel and he reigned for 24 years at Tirzah. He became king after assassinating King Nadab, who was the son of King Jeroboam. He then tried to strengthen his hold on the throne by killing all of the descendents of Jeroboam, so that none of the royal family remained.

Babylonians

Babylonia was an ancient Akkadian-speaking Semitic state and cultural region based in central-southern Mesopotamia. A small Amorite-ruled state emerged in 1894 BC, which contained at this time the minor city of Babylon.

Bathsheba

Bathsheba was King David's most famous wife because their marriage came after an illicit extramarital affair at the height of David's reign (circa 1005-965 B.C.). The story of Bathsheba and David has proved so enduring that its plot has been borrowed for countless romance novels, movies and daytime dramas.

Davidic Covenant

Blessing 242- Even though God would not let David build the temple, God did promise that the coming Messiah would come from his line. Part 1: the promises to be fulfilled during his lifetime 1. Great name 2. A place for Isr. as the ppl. Of God, 3. Rest for David from enemies Part 2: the promises to be fulfilled after David's death 1. Eternal house/offspring, 2. An eternal kingdom, 3. An eternal throne

Wisdom literature

Book of Job, Psalms, the Book of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, the Book of Wisdom, and Sirach.

Shimei

Curses david-> for the Lord has told him to-telling David he is a murderer son of Gera

Tamar

Daughter of King David raped by half-brother Amnon Brother Absalom kills Amnon for this

Elihu

Elihu was one of Job's friends—not one of the three who had come to comfort Job at the beginning of the book, but one who arrives later and offers the last and longest single speech to Job. Elihu is identified only as the "son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram". Elihu offers a response to Job that lifts up the Lord, condemns Job's three friends, and rightly confronts Job.

Elisha

Elisha was the faithful disciple of the prophet Elijah, and his successor. He had followed his master from the moment they met, when Elisha was a young man, plowing his father's field near the ancient town of Abel-mecholah in northern Israel. Elisha saw his master disappear in a fiery chariot, going up to heaven, without dying first.

Manasseh

Evil king- worst of the bunch, doomed the kingdom Reversed Hezekiah's reforms, began false worship, set up idols, & even performed child sacrifice Exact opposite of his father (Hezekiah) Repented near the end bc king of Assyria came up to Jerusalem & led Manasseh off into captivity bound w/ chains & a hook through his nose! In his Babylonian priosn Manasseh came to realize what he had done & repented Returned to Jerusalem & destroyed almost everything he created

Nathan

God sent Nathan (prophet advisor) who gave a situational hint at current case that David's son would die Told David that Adonijah was about to be king and he knew that Solomon was supposed to be king

Retribution Principle

God's justice/ Job's righteousness

rise of Saul and what led to his downfall and contrast that with the picture we have of David.

He tries to kill David w/ his spear Sends David on military expeditions to kill him, but David only gains glory Tries to turn his Jonathan & Michal against David, instead they rescued him Continues to plot his own plans, but God intervenes to deliver David He kills all the priests at Nob, but Abiathar joins David

Abiathar

High priest and fourth in descent from Eli. (B.C. 1060-1012.) Abiathar was the only one of the all the sons of Ahimelech the high priest who escaped the slaughter inflicted upon his father's house by Saul, in revenge for his father's house by Saul, in revenge of his having inquired of the Lord for David and given him the shew-bread to eat.

Minor prophets

Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. The Minor Prophets are also sometimes called The Twelve. heir books are shorter (although Hosea and Zechariah are almost as long as Daniel) and the content is more narrowly focused. That does not mean the Minor Prophets are any less inspired than the Major Prophets. It is simply a matter of God choosing to reveal more to the Major Prophets than He did to the Minor Prophets.

Hoshea

Hoshea was the 19th and final king of the ancient kingdom of Israel. He was the son of Elah and he became king after he assassinated King Pekah. He reigned nine years in Samaria (733-724 BC). King Hoshea's arm

Lament

Individual: ⅓ of the psalms, express of grief or sorrow, dominated by the theme of pain and suffering Corporate/communal: 12 identified, written for times of national crisis, recited in some type of special ceremony for lament -usually have: Invocation: an address to God (often w/ a vocative "My God") A description of the distress/crisis Plea for help (from God), & often followed w/ reasons for God to hear or act Confession of sin or an assertion of innocence Profession of trust Hymn of praise/ blessing

Latter Prophets

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve minor prophets

Major prophets

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, and Daniel. books are longer and the content has broad, even global implications.

Zophor

Job's friend

Former Prophets

Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings

Zedekiah

Last king of the South! Annointed by Nebuchadnezzar. Not really accepted. Tried to play Egy. against Babylon. Caused destruction of Jerusalem Revolted against his overseer->Neb. Led his armies W again & put Jerus. Under siege Zedekiah & some of his leaders sneaked out at night but captured near Jericho Neb. killed his sons and then got his eyes gouged out

Jerusalem

NEW CAPITAL (April 1st ppt.)- transcended tribal allegiance occupied by Jebusites not Israelites bordered Benjamin and Judah's territory was a central location for most tribes located close to transportation routes for easy accessibility centralizes political and religious capital David brought ark to Jerusalem (before the ark was in Kiriath Jearim for 20 years)

Hosea

Native of the Northern Kingdom, living message of God & Israel's relationship. Married a prostitute, 3 children names symbolized God's coming judgement (Jezreel, Loammi- not my people, Lo Ruhamah- no mercy/compassion). Book structured like a legal case- 3 main indictments No knowledge of God They broke the covenant No faithfulness to truth Ch. 4-14: legal case

Jonah

Northern Minor prophet During Jeroboam 2 Adviser to the K From JUDAH: Gath Hepher-> sent to preach to the enemy (Assyria) Structure: Call & flight Psalm from the fish's belly Nineveh's repentance (770-744 BC) Jonah's lesson Three main themes: God's Sover.: his plan can't be thwarted, God is a compassionate God, God wants His people to reflect his compassion

Job

Part of the writings (Ketuvim), Wisdom (Proverbs, Job, Eccles.) Characters: narrator, The Lord, Satan, Job, his wife, Eliphaz, Bildad, Zophar, Elihu Prominent themes: retribution Principle-God's Justice/ Job's righteousness (Job's friends' argument), God's wisdom & sovereignty over creation-> God never directly answers Job & only bombards him w/ q. About creation Structure: Prologue 1:1-2:10 (Narrative) Dialogue/Dispute Cycles (3:1-27:23) Interlude on Wisdom (28:1-28) Monologues Dialogue with God Epilogue 42:7-17 Earlier Date: early 2000 BC, He lived in UZ (non-Isr.) Later Date: 500-300 BC, Linguistic data: Aramaisms

Royal psalms

Performed before the king, maybe used at enthronement of king, concerned mainly with "kings" and kingship Royal display: Praise for/by the king Affirmations of Yahweh's favor to the king Prayers for the king or the king's own prayer/OR oracles about the king Portrayals of the king's righteousness/piety

Jeroboam II

Restored the boundaries of Israel, most prosperous in Northern Kingdom's history- collapse of moral standards, Hosea and Amos prophesied.

Solomon

Son of David- 4th oldest Mother Bathsheba intervenes to make him king Known for Wisdom and wealth builds the temple many provinces peace for ½ cent. 700 wives/300 concubines intermarriage-turns from God

Jehoiachin

Son of Jehoiakim, and for three months and ten days king of Judah. (B.C. 597.) At his accession Jerusalem was quite defenseless, and unable to offer any resistance to the army which Nebuchadnezzar sent to besiege it. (2 Kings 24:10,11) In a very short time Jehoiachin surrendered at discretion

Josiah

Southern King- boy king Good king in every way. Restored temple, discovered book of Law Death was tragic bc of interfering in international politics

Rehoboam

Southern. king evil lost ten tribes- son of Solomon fled for life when North. breaks off heavily taxed Northern. tribes-refuse to cut taxes only had Judah/Ben after split 18 wives /60 concubines suffered invasion from E. condemned- humbled to YHWH

Know information pertaining to the building and dedication of the temple

Summit of Mt. Moriah 7 years to build destroyed- 586, rebuild 515, ren 20, destroyed 70 AD Ded- moves ark to temple God's glory descends Solomon prays- gives blessing and offers sacrifices God. renews Davidic Covenant. w/ Solomon.

Thanksgiving psalms

Thanks for Yahweh's deliverance, often in complement to an individual lament, fewer thanksgiving than lament Structure: Intro: psalmist states his desire to offer thanksgiving to Yahweh A narrative recounts the distress & deliverance Yahweh gave Trouble Calling upon God deliverance acknowledgement /proclamation of God's deliverance Conclusion: usually thanksgiving/thank offering

Battle of Qarqar

The Battle of Qarqar was fought in 853 BC, when the army of Assyria led by king Shalmaneser III encountered an allied army of eleven kings at Qarqar, led by Hadadezer of Damascus and King Ahab of Israel.

Eliphaz

The Temanite, in the Old Testament Book of Job, one of three friends who sought to console Job, who is a biblical archetype of unmerited suffering. The word Temanite probably indicates that he was an Edomite, or member of a Palestinian people descended from Esau.

Philistines

The battle on this occasion proved disastrous to the Israelites; Saul himself perished, and the Philistines penetrated across the Jordan and occupied the, forsaken cities. The whole of Philistine was included in Solomon's empire. the Philistines, joined by the Syrians and Assyrians, made war on the kingdom of Israel, Hezekiah formed an alliance with the Egyptians, as a counterpoise to the Assyrians, and the possession of Philistia became henceforth the turning-point of the struggle between the two great empires of the East.

Abner

The commander in chief of the army of Saul. Israel's first king. He was Saul's highest military official. (Blessing p. 239) Led the forces of Ish-Bosheth (Saul's son- the only one that survived in battle), ABNER killed Asahel, brother of Joab, later Ish-Bosheth accused Abner of sleeping w/ one of Saul's concubines so he went over to David's side (David asked in return to bring his first wife) JOAB KILLED ABNER

Adonijah

The fourth son of David ( 2 Samuel 3:4 ). After the death of his elder brothers, Amnon and Absalom, he became heir-apparent to the throne. But Solomon, a younger brother, was preferred to him. Adonijah, however, when his father was dying, caused himself to be proclaimed king. But Nathan and Bathsheba induced David to give orders that Solomon should at once be proclaimed and admitted to the throne. Adonijah fled and took refuge at the altar, and received pardon for his conduct from Solomon on the condition that he showed himself "a worthy man" ( 1 Kings 1:5-53 ). He afterwards made a second attempt to gain the throne, but was seized and put to death

David

The second king of Judah and Israel. He slew the Philistine giant Goliath and succeeded Saul as king. He is the reputed author of many of the Psalms.

Hezekiah

The twelfth king of Judea, Hezekiah the son of Ahaz, was a man of extraordinary qualities and piety. He had truly been a comfort to the suffering people even while his godless father was yet on the throne. The prophets who had condemned Ahaz and his clique of notables pointed to Hezekiah as the savior of the people and of God's religion, at a time when Judea had sunk to the bottom of political and spiritual depravity.

Abishag

a beautiful Shunammite (from Shunem, in the tribe of Issachar), taken into David's harem to comfort him in his extreme old age.

Hazael

a court official and later an Aramean king who is mentioned in the Bible. Under his reign, Aram-Damascus became an empire that ruled over large parts of Syria and Palestine.

Assyrians

a major Mesopotamian East Semitic kingdom and empire of the Ancient Near East, existed as an independent state from perhaps as early as the 25th century BC, until its collapse between 612 BC

Acrostic

a poem, word puzzle, or other composition in which certain letters in each line form a word or words.

Elijah

a prophet and a wonder-worker in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of Ahab.Served as the king's advisor, showed God's compassion.Secular power was not the answer to the nation's problems.

Hebel

breath

Ninevah

capital of the ancient kingdom and empire of Assyria

Samaria

capital of the northern kingdom. city of Samaria fell to the Assyrians->many of the people were deported and foreigners were resettled in the region. This hill was chosen by Omri as the site of the capital of the kingdom of Israel. Samaria retained its dignity as the capital of the ten tribes, and the name is given to the northern kingdom as well as to the city. Ahab built a temple to Baal there. twice besieged by the Syrians, Omri- moved to Samaria

Michal

daughter of Saul 1st wife of David risked life for David criticized David for dancing in streets after ark of the covenant was brought to Jerusalem

Absalom

from the Hebrew meaning father of peace, was the third son of King David, and Maacah, one of the king's numerous wives and concubines (2 Samuel 3:3). Contrary to his name, Absalom was not a man of peace. His personal vanity and disloyalty to his father due to selfish ambition caused great strife and open warfare in the royal family.

key themes of the book of Proverbs as presented in class and the text

grounded in fear of the Lord discerning order God has created discerning ways in part. sit. 3 kinds of ppl-simple, wise, foolish

Shalmaneser V

king of Assyria (reigned 726-721 bc) who subjugated ancient Israel and undertook a punitive campaign to quell the rebellion of Israel's king Hoshea Put Hoshea in prison

Nebuchadnezzar

king of Babylonia- considered the greatest king of the Babylonian Empire and is credited with the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon most famous for the conquering of Judah and the destruction of Judah and Jerusalem

Hesed

loving-kindness

main characteristics of Hebrew poetry

not as direct- more imagery and fig. language, have story structure, verse appeals to emotion and intellect 1/3 -1/2 of OT in poetic form help understanding/meaning- parallelism, terseness, imagery, sound play parallelism- 3 types- synonymous A=B, antilletic A is not B, Synthetic A+B terseness- few words- limited use of conjunctions, ellipses imagery- ext. use of fig. language- simile, metaphor, allegory, personification, sound play, assonance, rhyme, acrostics, consecutive stanzas follow pattern 1. aaa 2. bbb 3.ccc

Sargon II

one of Assyria's great kings He extended and consolidated the conquests of his presumed father, Tiglath-pileser III.

Proverb

part. of Wisdom books- Job, Ecclesiates, (proverbs) instructional wisdom part of writings- Ketuvim

Hymns/praise psalms

positive; talk about God's goodness and power, guide to worship Descriptive praise psalms- depict and extol God's greatness Royal psalms- address the human king as God's representative

Mosaic Covenant

primary function: warning Blessings for obedience (Deut. 28:1-14) § Blessings of prosperity, power, leadership § 6 tribes were to shout this from Mt. Gerizim (well-forested peak) o Curses for disobedience (Deut 28: 15-68) § About 4x LONGER than verses on blessings. § 6 tribes were to shout this from Mt. Ebal (barren peak)

Uriah the Hittite

soldier in King David's army mentioned in the Second Book of Samuel. He was the husband of Bathsheba and was ordered murdered by King David.

Bildad

son of contention, one of Job's friends. He is called "the Shuhite," probably as belonging to Shuah, a district in Arabia, in which Shuah, the sixth son of Abraham by Keturah, settled. He took part in each of the three controversies into which Job's friends entered with him, and delivered three speeches, very severe and stern in their tone, although less violent than those of Zophar, but more so than those of Eliphaz.

Solomon's key strengths and weaknesses as king of Israel as discussed in class and the textbook.

strengths: empire- Provinces of Damascus, Amon, Moab, Edom, vassal states, allies, internal admin wealthy, architectural, artistic, commercial enterprise peace for ½ cent. "golden age" of I weaknesses: high taxes mandate nat'l labor 700 wives/300 conc intermarriage- turn heart from God

Ahab

the son of King Omri. He was one of Israel's most powerful rulers. He was King of the Northern Ten Tribes of Israel from 874 to 853 B.C. Many consider him the WORST ruler that ancient Israel ever had. His wife Jezebel was so evil that she has come to symbolize revengeful, malicious, immoral and cruel women throughout history. Weak in character, a mean who tended to blame others for his own short comings and who was DOMINATED by his wife Ahab was one of the kings at the Battle of Qarqar-he contributed a significant portion of the alliance that forced a draw with the Assyrians, thus stopping Assyrian expansion toward the SW for a number of years Elijah confronted him-> no rain until he said so (Isr. depended on rain for agricultural success)

Jehu

the tenth king of Israel since Jeroboam I, noted for exterminating the house of Ahab at the instruction of Jehovah. He was the son of Jehoshaphat, and grandson of Nimshi. God began to reduce the size of Israel through enemies.

Ruth

time of Judges contrast judges-faithfulness survived play- four acts/four chapters 1-tragedy in Moab, return to Judah, arrive in Bethlehem 2- Ruth in fields, Ruth meets Boaz, Ruth return to Naomi 3- Naomi plan, Ruth imparts 4- Ruth married to Boaz, Boaz redeemed- has Obed(line of David)

Ahaz

twenty years old when he succeeded his father Jotham to the throne of Judea. He was a weak and idolatrous king. He even made his son walk through the fire of Moloch, aping the abominable custom of the Phoenicians. Another son, Hezekiah, who was to become king after Ahaz, was saved from the flames of the idol by his mother.

Jeroboam

was from the tribe of Ephraim, a servant of King Solomon's, and the son of a widow. He later became the first king of the divided northern kingdom of Israel. Viewed as evil. rebelled w/ 10 N tribes. Instituted new religion w/ golden calves, estab. a new feast, temples on high places, appointed priests from among the people, he offered sacrifices on the altar *New capital: shechem

Orphah

wife of Chilion daughter in law of Naomi husband dies- heads back to Moab sister in law of Ruth

Qohelet

words of a preacher(found in Ecclesiastes)- not a name origin= Hebrew Qahal- to summon/assemble son of David- King in Jerusalem