Bio-01 Lecture Exam 1 (key)

3) Which one of the following is a TRUE statement?

C) All living things are made up of at least one cell.

36) Which one of the following occurs when a phosphate is removed from an ATP molecule?

C) Energy is released for cell work.

22) ________ bonds hold the hydrogens to the oxygen within a water molecule, and ________ bonds attract one water molecule to other water molecules.

C) Hydrogen; covalent

13) Certain blood vessels in humans constrict or dilate in during intense exercise. A) Livings things grow and reproduce. B) Living things have a different molecular composition than nonliving things. C) Living things maintain homeostasis. D) Populations of living things evolve. E) Living things require energy and raw materials.

C) Living things maintain homeostasis.

31) Pancreatic cells make insulin, which is a type of protein. These cells use ________ in order to synthesize insulin by the process of ________.A) oligosaccharides; hydrolysis

C) amino acids; dehydration synthesis

14) Which one of the following is the study of matter and the energy that causes matter to combine, break apart, and recombine in everything living and nonliving?

C) chemistry

47) Which one of the following structures is part of the internal cytoskeleton that supports a cell?

C) microtubules and microfilaments

43) To increase the surface area of some cells, the plasma membrane possesses

C) microvilli.

37) A student has isolated a large compound (macromolecule) from cells. Chemical analysis of the compound shows that it is made up of the following elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. To which group of macromolecules does this compound most likely belong?

C) nucleic acid

15) A mad scientist has ripped apart an atom and collected all the subatomic particles located in the nucleus of the atom. Which one of the following has he collected?

C) protons and neutrons

16) Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the relationship between an atom and an element?

D) An atom is the smallest unit of an element that demonstrates all of the properties of that element.

4) Which one of the following is a kingdom?

D) Animalia

25) Each of the following statements about carbon is TRUE EXCEPT which one?

D) Carbon can form strong hydrogen bonds with other elements.

34)Which one of the following is TRUE regarding enzymes?

D) Each enzyme catalyzes one specific reaction or group of reactions.

35) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding nucleotides?

D) Nucleotides are bonded together by covalent bonds between the sugars and the phosphates.

10) Through years of exposure, many insects have become resistant to insecticides used in agriculture. A) Livings things grow and reproduce. B) Living things have a different molecular composition than nonliving things. C) Living things maintain homeostasis. D) Populations of living things evolve. E) Living things require energy and raw materials.

D) Populations of living things evolve.

48) Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the architecture of a plasma membrane?

D) Proteins and cholesterol are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer, forming a fluid mosaic.

50) Which one of the following best explains how water moves freely across a plasma membrane?

D) Water moves through protein-lined channels in the plasma membrane.

41)Which one of the following structures is characteristic of BOTH eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

D) cell membrane

27) Which one of the following is a very important source of energy for nearly all cells?

D) glucose

29) Which one of the following molecules is stored in adipose tissue and serves as an important source of energy for the human body?

D) triglycerides

9) All animals consume plants, animals, or other organisms in their environment. A) Livings things grow and reproduce. B) Living things have a different molecular composition than nonliving things. C) Living things maintain homeostasis. D) Populations of living things evolve. E) Living things require energy and raw materials.

E) Living things require energy and raw materials.

49) Oxygen and carbon dioxide are able to pass through the plasma membrane of a cell because

E) they are small and nonpolar and readily pass between phospholipids.

40) Each of the following statements is a basic principle of the cell doctrine EXCEPT which one of the following?

A) All cells have a nucleus and organelles.

23) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding water?

A) Each molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen covalently bonded to each other.

19) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding electrons, shells, and energy?

A) Electrons are located in shells around the nucleus.

26) Which one of the following statements accurately describes hydrolysis reactions in biological systems?

A) Hydrolysis reactions enable the breakdown of food molecules during digestion.

12) Skin cells, like the bacteria living on human skin, give rise to new individual cells. A) Livings things grow and reproduce. B) Living things have a different molecular composition than nonliving things. C) Living things maintain homeostasis. D) Populations of living things evolve. E) Living things require energy and raw materials.

A) Livings things grow and reproduce.

5) Which one of the following taxa (subgroups used in classification) applies to humans?

A) Mammals

30) The most important physical characteristic of lipids with regard to living organisms is that they

A) are hydrophobic.

21) An example of potential energy is/are

A) bonds that hold atoms together.

7) Which one of the following sequences is CORRECT in terms of level of organization from least to most complex?

A) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

46) Muscle cells require more energy than most other cells in order to function. Therefore, muscle cells would be expected to have more ________ and ________ than most other animal cells.

A) glycogen; mitochondria

44) There are different types of microscopes that can be used to provide information about cells. Which type of microscope is used for the observation of living cells?

A) light microscope

2) Molecules of life include which one of the following?

A) water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates

11) Chemical analysis of a plant indicates that it is primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorous; these elements are generally lacking in most rocks. A) Livings things grow and reproduce. B) Living things have a different molecular composition than nonliving things. C) Living things maintain homeostasis. D) Populations of living things evolve. E) Living things require energy and raw materials.

B) Living things have a different molecular composition than nonliving things.

42) In which one of the following ways do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?

B) Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membranous organelles.

32) Each amino acid is composed of a central carbon that forms covalent bonds with four other atoms/molecules. These atoms/molecules include each of the following EXCEPT which one?

B) an A group

7) Isotopes of an element have the same ________, but different ________.

B) atomic number; atomic masses

18) Radioisotopes have a number of uses in science and medicine. These uses include which one of the following?

B) dating fossils and treating cancer

24) Molecules such as water are referred to as ________ because they are electrically neutral overall but still have partially charged regions.

B) polar molecules

33) Alpha helices and beta sheets are characteristic of protein

B) secondary structure.

28) Lipids are important to biological systems because

B) some lipid types are potentially large sources of energy to perform cellular work.

45) The products of the endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the Golgi apparatus by

B) vesicles.

20) A theory is a hypothesis that has been tested many times and continues to be supported.

a) TRUE

38) Lipids stored in the body are an example of potential energy.

a) TRUE

39)Because carbon requires four additional electrons to fill its outermost shell, it has a natural tendency to form four covalent bonds with other atoms, making it an ideal element for forming structures in living cells

a) TRUE

6) Because the natural world includes all energy and matter, it also includes all living organisms.

a) TRUE

8) The validity of a prediction in the scientific method is determined by experimentation or observation.

a) TRUE

1) The branch of science that studies the natural world within the context of life is

a) biology