Bio 1 Chapter 22 Section 2 Quiz

What is the difference between a simple and compound leaf?

A simple leaf is a leaf that which the leaf blades are not divided into smaller parts. A compound leaf is a leaf that has blades that are divided into two or more smaller leaflets.

Tubular Stem: Description, Function, and Example

A swollen underground stem with buds Function: Food Storage Example: White Potato

What does one count in order to determine the age of a tree?

Annual growth rings (produced by the xylem and phloem)

What usually covers the stems of older, mature perennial plants?

Bark is a tough, corky tissue that can protect the stem from physical damage and insect invasion.

State leaf modifications of a cactus, poinsettia, pitcher plant, and poison ivy.

Cactus: They have modified leaves called spines. They help to reduce water loss and protect it from being eaten by animals. Poinsettia: They have modified leaves called bracts. They are at the tips of the stems and change from green to another color in response to the number of hours of darkness in their environment. They usually have tiny flowers at the center to the colored leaves. The leaves look the flower petals to attracts things to pollinate it. Pitcher plant has cylinder like modified leaves that are filled with water and can trap and drown insects and small animals. Poison ivy or poison oak can cause serious skin irritation for some people. These leaves contain toxic chemicals that deter organisms from touching them.

What is the main function of leaves?

Photosynthesis

Sometimes roots grow very deep and other situations have roots spreading out over a large area. Explain these specific adaptations.

Some plants have roots the grow 0.5 to 5 m dow in the soil. Water is not scarce in these areas. But in area where the water is scarce the roots can grow very deen or be very spread out. For example, in mesquite the gows in the dry southwestern part of the United States has roots the gown downward as deep as 50m to get water. Another plant called a cacti has many shallow branching roots that grow out from the stem in all directions as far as 15 m.

What TWO plant parts are stems designed to support?

Leaves and reproductive structures (flowers)

Give the TWO primary functions of roots.

1. The roots support a plant against the effects of gravity, extreme wind, and moving water. 2. The roots take in water and dissolved minerals that are transported to the rest of the plant. 3. Support a platen against the effects of gravity, extreme win, and moving water

Corm Stem: Description, Function, and Example

Function: Food Storage Example: Crocus Composed almost entirely of stem tissue with some scaly leaves at its top

Bulb Stem: Description, Function, and Example

Function: Food Storage Example: Narcissus Description: A shortened, compressed stem surrounded by fleshy leaves

State the difference between a herbaceous stem and a woody stem.

Herbaceous stems are stems like asparagus are soft, flexible and and green due to the presence of chloroplasts. This helps it to perform photosynthesis. Most annual plants have this type of stem. -Woods stems are stems that are rigid and fibrous. They also are sturdy and woody stems that don't carry on photosynthesis. Most perennials have this type of stem. (palms and bamboos) (tree shrubs and many perennials)

Runner Stem: Description, Function, and Example

Horizontal stems that grow along the soil's surface in nature Function: Asexual Reproduction Example: Spider Plant, strawberry plants and some grasses

Give the TWO major types of root systems, give specific functions, and also provide edible examples of each.

Taproot Root System Function: Anchors plant, food and water storage Examples: Radishes, beets, carrots, and poison ivy Description: Thick root with few smaller lateral-branching roots Fibrous Root System Function: Anchors plant, rapid water storage Examples: Sweet potatoes Description: Has numerous branching roots that are about the same size and grow from a central point and can store food

What is the blade and petiole of a leaf?

The blade is a flattened portion of a leaf and has a relatively large surface area. It might be attached to the stem by a stalk called a petiole. The patiole's vascular tissue connects the stem's vascular tissues to the leaf's vascular tissue or veins. Plants such as grasses lack petioles, and their lead patiole's and attached directly to the sun.

Why does the root cap produce a lubricant as it grows?

The root cap produces a lubricant as it grows to reduce friction as the root grows through the soil, a crack in a sidewalk, or some other material.

Explain Transpiration

Transpiration all starts when water travels from the roots up through the stems and into the leaves. It replaces the water used in photosynthesis and lost from the plant by evaporation. The water then evaporated from the inside of a leaf to the outside through stomata. It helps to pull the water column upward.

Rhizome Stem: Description, Function, and Example

Underground horizontal stems Function: Food Storage, Assuxal reproduction Example: Iris