Bio 1 - Chapter 6 Metabolism--Energy and Enzymes

most enzymes end with the suffix: 1. -ose 2. -ol 3. -ase 4. -lyst 5. -ite

-ase

Identify the components of this enzymatic reaction 1. Enzyme substrate complex 2. Enzyme before the reaction 3. Recycled enzyme 4. substrate 5. products

A - substrate B - products C - recycled enzyme D - enzyme substrate complex E - enzyme before the reaction

identify the types of energy depicted on the graph 1. energy of activation with an enzyme 2. energy of product 3. energy of reactant 4. energy of activation without an enzyme

A. energy of reactant B. energy of activation without an enzyme C. energy of activation with an enzyme D. energy of product

The molecule that provides the energy to drive endergonic reactions in the body is abbreviated ________

ATP

during muscle contraction, what is the potential energy source that is broken down and turned into kinetic energy? 1. myosin 2. actin 3. ADP 4. ATP

ATP

the molecule that serves as the common energy currency of cells is abbreviated

ATP

which letters in the reaction, A+B-->C+D, represent the products?

C+D

a ribozyme is a biological catalyst (enzyme) that is made up of __________ 1. DNA 2. protein 3. RNA

RNA

the location on the enzyme in which the substrate binds is called the ____________ site

active

the number of ______________ play the greatest role in determining the rate of an enzymatic reaction. 1. substrate molecules 2. active sites 3. allosteric sites

active sites

ATP molcule consists of a nitrogen-containing base called __________, a 5 carbon sugar called ___________, and three _____________ groups.

adenine, ribose, phosphate

during noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor will bind to the ____________ site. 1. enzymatic 2. active 3. allosteric

allosteric

the reactants of a photosynthetic reaction are: 1. carbon dioxide 2. oxygen 3. glucose 4. water

carbon dioxide, water

NAD+ and FAD are molecules called ______________ that participate in the reactions of cellular respiration.

coenzymes

the substance that can help to increase the rate of an enzymatic reaction by helping a substrate bind to an active site is called a _____________ 1. inhibitor 2. regulator 3. cofactor 4. enhancer

cofactor

enzyme inhibition is called ___________ inhibition if the inhibitor binds to the enzyme's active site and is called _______________ inhibition if the inhibitor binds to an allosteric site.

competitive, noncompetitive

Why does denaturation prevent an enzyme from being able to catalyze its reaction? 1. denaturation changes the shape of the enzyme's active site so that it cannot bind correctly with its substrate. 2. denaturation decreased the pH of the enzyme 3. denaturation induces competitive inhibition of the enzyme's active site. 4. denaturation changes the shape of the substrate so that it cannot bind correctly with its enzyme.

denaturation changes the shape of the enzyme's active site so that it cannot bind correctly with its substrate.

The first law of thermodynamics states that

energy cannot be created or destroyed

endergonic

energy is consumed as chemical bonds are formed

exergenic

energy is released as chemical bonds are broken

kinetic energy is _____________ and potential energy is ___________ 1. stored energy; energy of motion 2. energy of motion; stored energy

energy of motion; stored energy

the relative amount of disorganization in the universe is called ____________

entropy

a protein molcule that speeds a chemical reaction is called a(n) _________

enzyme

each reaction in a metabolic pathway is catalyzed by a(n) __________ 1. substrate 2. end product 3. enzyme 4. reactant

enzyme

the presence of a particular _____________ determines the rate of metabolism as well as which products is produced.

enzyme

the amount of energy left to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred is called the

free energy

during cellular respiration, the substrate ____________ is oxidized and the substrate ______________ is reduced

glucose, oxygen

the reactants in the process of cellular respiration are: 1. water 2. carbon dioxide 3. glucose 4. oxygen

glucose, oxygen

as temperature increases, enzyme activity ____________. however, if the temperature increases beyond a certain point, the rate of a reaction levels out and then rapidly declines because the enzyme becomes ____________

increases, denatured

what model describes how an enzyme undergoes a slight alteration to achieve optimum fit with its substrate. 1. coupling reaction model 2. metabolic pathway model 3. lock and key model 4. induced fit model

induced fit model

what happens to an enzyme after the reaction is completed? 1. it becomes a part of the product 2. it returns to its original shape 3. it is degraded by the cell

it returns to its original shape

choose the forms of energy exemplified by a moose while it is walking 1. mechanical 2. potential 3. kinetic 4. chemical

mechanical, kinetic

a ________ is a series of linked chemical reactions catalyzed by a specific enzyme for each reaction.

metabolic pathway

The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell:

metabolism

the process of cellular respiration occurs in organelles called __________ 1. mitochondria 2. chloroplasts 3. lysosomes 4. vesicles

mitochondria

a reaction will occur spontaneously if there is a _____________ amount of free energy. 1. negative 2. excessive 3. positive

negative

during photosynthesis, water undergoes a loss of electrons called _____________, while carbon dioxide undergoes a gain of electrons called ______________

oxidation, reduction

during cellular respiration glucose loses hydrogen atoms and is ____________ while oxygen gains hydrogen atoms and is ____________.

oxidized, reduced

each enzyme has an optimal temperature and optimal ______________ at which the rate of the reaction that it catalyzes is highest.

pH

the blood clot dissolving enzyme used by vampire bats while feeding function by activating the plasminogen into the enzyme _____________

plasmin

____________ use energy from the sun to store energy in carbohydrates 1. producers 2. consumers 3. photosynthetic organisms 4. heterotrophic organisms

producers, photosynthetic organisms

in order for a reaction to occur spontaneously the _________ need to have a less free energy than the __________ 1. reactants, products 2. products, reactants 3. products, enzymes

products, reactants

the reactant in an enzymatic reaction that binds to the active site of its enzyme is called a ____________ 1. protein 2. ribozyme 3. substrate 4. initiation factor

substrate

the rate of a reaction can be increased by increasing the concentration of the _______________ or __________ to a certain point.

substrate, enzyme

Energy is defined as

the ability to do work

which of the following statements explains the name of 'the induced fit model'? 1. the induced fit model describes how the substrate is induced to undergo a slight alteration to achieve optimum fit with its enzyme. 2. the induced fit model describes how a substrate fits into an enzyme much like a bolt and nut 3. the induced fit model describes how the enzyme undergoes a slight change in shape to accommodate the substrate.

the induced fit model describes how the enzyme undergoes a slight change in shape to accommodate the substrate

a healthy diet consists of trace amount of __________ that are required for the synthesis of coenzymes

vitamins