Bio 100 Exam 4
How many of the animal phyla include single-celled animals?
0
What is a fruit ?
A mature ovary
What is the most recent common ancestor of fungi and animals?
A protist
All vertebrates have___
A skull
What is a tuber?
A sugar storage structure of a plant
When did the first eukaryotic cell form?
About a billion years after the first prokaryotic cell was formed
Which protist group includes members with plantlike traits such as chloroplasts and multicellularity?
Algae
Which organelle could you remove and the cell would still survive?
All organelles are required for the survival of the cell.
Which statement is true regarding bacteria?
All pathogenic bacteria are harmful to humans.
Why is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N2 gas) into ammonium (NH4) important for life on this planet?
Ammonium is a plant nutrient.
Serial repetition of segments is a defining characteristic of which worm phylum?
Annelids
Which phylum of worms includes the leeches?
Annelids
What defines radial symmetry?
Any plane of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves.
Which arthropod subgroup includes the spiders?
Arachnids
Which arthropod subgroup includes those with an exoskeleton of chitin?
Arachnids, Crustaceans, Insects
Which organisms are called the extremophiles and flourish in extreme conditions?
Archaea
Which of the following unique characteristics is found in many chordates, but not all, at some point in their development?
Backbone
Which of the following is not an example of an abiotic factor?
Bacteria
Which are the smallest, least complex cell types?
Bacteria Cells
Prokaryotes
Bacteria, and Archaea
When a plant cell divides, how would you expect its chloroplasts to divide?
Binary fission
Which plants do not have roots?
Bryophytes
By what means do bacterial cells typically divide?
By what means do bacterial cells typically divide?
Which theorem states that no two species competing for the exact same resources can coexist?
Competitive exclusion principle
Which classification grouping includes the greatest number of species?
Domain
Which grouping includes all of the protists?
Domain Eukarya
Dear, King, Phillip, come, over, for, good, soup
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, class, order, family, species
Which protective structure forms to protect certain bacteria during periods of harsh conditions?
Endospore
Plants are in the domain ________.
Eukarya
Some of the "branches" of a phylogenetic tree do not extend to the end. What do these lines represent?
Extinct Species
Which grouping immediately follows Order in the classification hierarchy?
Family
Fern sperm are ________.
Flagellated
Which worm has no body cavity?
Flatworms
Which plant group is the largest with the most number of living species?
Flowering Plants
Which is not a characteristic of the gymnosperms?
Flowers
Which was the most recent plant structure to have evolved?
Flowers
What is the leading scientific theory on how the first nuclear membrane originated?
From the inward folding of the plasma membrane
What is the evolutionary history between fungi and plants?
Fungi evolved first, plants evolved second but not from fungi.
Of those listed below, which category of classification is the most narrow?
Genus
What does a gametophyte produce?
Haploid gametes
Which specific cells are infected by the HIV virus?
Helper T cells
Which one of the following is a defining characteristic of animals but not of plants?
Heterotrophic
Where would you expect to find methanogens?
In the digestive tracts of cows
Where would you find the double-stranded HIV DNA in an infected cell?
Incorporated directly into the host cell's chromosome
Which arthropod subgroup includes those with six legs
Insects
How does AZT fight AIDS?
It blocks the enzyme that converts viral RNA to DNA.
What might be the advantage to a cell if it assimilated an ingested photosynthetic bacterium rather than digesting it?
It could now use sunlight to make its food.
Which is most closely related to the hagfish?
Lamprey
Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?
Mitochondria
Sponges are found___
Mostly in seawater
Which began first?
Multicellular life in the ocean
Which organelle can survive outside of the cells?
No organelles can survive outside the the cell
Are all fungi prokaryotes?
No, they are all eukaryotes.
What do charophytes and bryophytes have in common?
None of these
Which arthropod subgroup includes the centipedes?
None of these
Why do pine trees have two different types of cones?
One type produces ovules, the other type produces pollen.
Not all plants have seeds. What advantage do seeds provide a plant?
Plants are no longer restricted to moist environments.
Which body form of the cnidarians is sessile?
Polyp
Which was first on the planet, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes
All prokaryotes are in the domain ________.
Prokaryotes are in two different domains
What is a major role fungi play in an ecosystem?
Recycling nutrients from dead organisms back into the food chain
Which group of animals is most closely related to the arthropods?
Roundworms
Halophiles are found in which environment?
Salty
What do gymnosperms and angiosperms have in common?
Seeds
All ecosystems need energy. What is the originating source for most of the energy that powers ecosystems on this planet?
Solar energy
Ferns often have small bumps called sori arranged in rows on their undersides. What are these structures?
Spore capsules
Which statement related to gymnosperm reproduction is true?
Spores produce pollen grains which contain sperm.
What role does lignin play in adapting to life on land?
Strengthens the cell wall
Which of the following is a unique characteristic of bryophyte not seen in the other plant groups?
The gametophyte is larger than the sporophyte.
Many, though not all, mollusks have a shell. What secretes the shell?
The mantle
Why can't amphibians survive far from water?
Their eggs do not have an amnion which prevents them from drying out.
Why must mosses and ferns live in moist environments?
Their gametes are flagellated
What do the nucleus and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum have in common?
Their membranes are interconnected
What do grasses, rose bushes, and cactus all have in common?
They all have flowers.
What do the nucleus and mitochondria have in common?
They both contain DNA.
How do sponges acquire their nourishment?
They filter it from the seawater
While mosses can cover a significant area of land, they are never more than a few centimeters tall. Why do they not grow tall?
They have no vascular system so they cannot transport water over long distances.
If you looked at unknown cells under a microscope, what could lead you to correctly conclude that they are bacteria cells?
They lack a nucleus
What is the role of the fleshy part of a ripe apple?
To entice an animal to take the fruit and disperse the seeds
What makes an organism truly multicellular
When the colony makes gametes
Flatworms are most closely related to the ________.
annelids
The echinoderms are most closely related to the ________.
chordates
Some bacteria have a spherical shape, called ________.
coccus
Some organisms are described as having a ________ digestive tract that includes a mouth at one end and an anus at the other.
complete
The xylem is made from ________.
dead, hollow cells
The flattened photosynthetic portion of a fern is the ________.
frond
Fungi are made of bundles of threadlike ________.
hyphae
Which chordate trait evolved first?
jaw
An ecosystem is a collection of all the ________ in a given area.
living and nonliving things
What do sponges and cnidarians have in common?
none
eukarya
plantae
Three domains
prokaryotes, eukaryotes, protists
The edible portion of the mushroom is the ________.
reproductive structure
A wolf eats a rabbit that eats grass. The wolf is a ________.
secondary consumer
Gastropods include the ________.
snails and slugs
The male part of the flower is the ________.
stamen
The pollen tube grows from the ________ to the ________, where it eventually fertilizes the egg.
stigma; ovule
The sugar in the sap of plants is primarily ________.
sucrose
Taxonomy
the classification of life
"Ecology" is best defined as the study of ________.
the interactions between living organisms and their environments
There are more helpful types of bacteria on this planet than harmful types.
true
Medicine that prevents viral infections is a(n) ________.
vaccine
