BIO-104 Exam 2 (Chapters 7-9)
Ch. 9 - The following is a list of steps involved in the process of phagocytosis. Which of the following answers indicates these steps in the CORRECT order? 1. Lysosome fuses with the vesicle containing a foreign cell. 2. Wastes from the foreign cell are removed. 3. The foreign cell is surrounded by the cell membrane of the phagocyte. 4. Lysosomal enzymes break down the foreign cell. 5. The foreign cell is contained within a vesicle.
3, 5, 1, 4, 2
Ch. 8 - Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding arterioles and arteries?
Arterioles are smaller and have less smooth muscle than arteries.
Ch. 8 - All of the following are features of capillaries that promote exchange between blood and interstitial fluid EXCEPT which one?
Capillaries lack connective tissue in their walls.
Ch. 9 - Why do some physicians advise patients with a bladder infection to drink a lot of cranberry juice?
Cranberry juice makes the urine more acidic, decreasing the rate at which microorganisms can grow and reproduce.
Ch. 7 - Which one of the following is TRUE regarding deoxyhemoglobin?
Deoxyhemoglobin is found in blood returning to the heart from the lower extremities.
Ch. 9 - Histamine is released by neutrophils to induce an inflammation response when tissues become damaged.
False
Ch. 9 - Lymph nodes filter the blood and remove bacteria and other invading microorganisms that may have entered the bloodstream.
False
Ch. 9 - Tears and saliva contain the enzyme dermicidin, which is effective in preventing bacteria from entering the human body.
False
Ch. 9 - The best way to reduce bacterial pathogens in the bloodstream is to reduce a fever as quickly as possible.
False
Ch. 9 - The first type of white blood cell to arrive at the site of an infection is the eosinophil.
False
Ch. 9 - Viral infections can usually be treated with antibiotics.
False
Ch. 7 - Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the "recycling" of hemoglobin?
The iron atoms are returned to the red bone marrow.
Ch. 8 - Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the lymphatic system?
The lymphatic system removes microorganisms from body fluid.
Ch. 9 - Bacterial pathogens cause symptoms of a disease by invading host cells or by producing toxins that damage host cells.
True
Ch. 9 - Prions are infectious proteins that cause normal proteins in the brain to misfold.
True
Ch. 9 - The bacteria that normally live on the mucous membranes of the digestive tract and vagina provide protection against infection with harmful disease-producing microorganisms.
True
Ch. 9 - The thymus gland, which is responsible for the development of T cells, stops growing during adolescence and shrinks as one grows into adulthood.
True
Ch. 8 - Each of the following statements accurately describes a feature of arteries EXCEPT which one?
Valves along major arteries maintain directed blood flow
Ch. 8 - Which one of the following is a CORRECT statement?
Veins are more distensible than arteries.
Ch. 9 - All of the following are involved in the inflammatory response EXCEPT
antibodies
Ch. 9 - All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens EXCEPT which one?
antibodies
Ch. 8 - The aortic semilunar valve opens when the
arterial pressure is lower than the ventricular pressure.
Ch. 8 - Life-threatening aneurisms are most likely to occur in
arteries
Ch. 8 - When blood leaves the heart, it first enters
arteries
Ch. 8 - Which one of the following plays the most significant role in regulating the distribution of blood into tissues?
arterioles
Ch.7 - Histamine is released from which one of the following types of leukocyte to stimulate the inflammatory response?
basophil
Ch. 7 - During the formation of a blood clot, conversion of prothrombin into the enzyme thrombin requires
calcium ions
Ch. 8 - Exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of
capillaries.
Ch. 7 - All of the following are ways in which blood functions to maintain homeostasis in the human body EXCEPT which one?
conducting action potentials that originate in the nervous system to help with cell-cell communication
Ch. 8 - Fluid in the lymphatic system, as well as interstitial fluid, is
derived from blood plasma.
Ch. 9 - All of the following are ways in which a mild fever participates as part of the body's second line of defense and aids the body EXCEPT
enhancing the secretion of antibodies by plasma cells.
Ch. 9 - Which of the following leukocytes is most likely to be directly involved in the destruction of flukes (a parasitic flatworm)?
eosinophils
Ch. 7 - An increased risk for cardiovascular health problems is associated with
high blood levels of LDLs
Ch. 8 - Fluid that "escapes" from the circulatory system due to high pressure is referred to as
interstitial fluid
Ch. 7 - A researcher wants to produce antibodies by growing cells in the laboratory. What cell population would be necessary to accomplish this?
lymphocytes
Ch. 9 - Which one of the following is/are located in the tonsils to filter out many of the microorganisms that enter the throat?
lymphocytes
Ch. 9 - The release of chemicals from injured cells triggers histamine release from
mast cells
Ch. 8 - The left ventricle has a more muscular wall than the other three chambers of the heart because the left ventricle
must generate enough blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta and throughout the body.
Ch. 9 - Which of the following leukocytes kills its target cells, such as cancer cells or virus-infected cells, by releasing chemicals that break down the target cell membrane?
natural killer cells
Ch. 7 - When oxygen availability drops, certain cells in the kidney respond by producing erythropoietin, which in turn stimulates an increase in red blood cells. This cellular response represents
negative feedback.
Ch. 7 - Which one of the following populations of cells is most markedly increased during bacterial infections?
neutrophils
Ch. 7 - Unlike white blood cells, red blood cells lose their ________ and ________ as they mature.
nucleus; organelles
Ch. 8 - Each of the following mechanisms plays a role in the return of blood to the heart via veins EXCEPT which one?
osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood
Ch. 8 - The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and produces lubricant for heart contraction is the
pericardium.
Ch. 7 - A damaged red blood cell is removed from circulation by
phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen
Ch. 7 - About 55% of whole blood is ________, which is/are mostly made up of water.
plasma
Ch. 7 - Albumin, alpha globulin, beta globulin, and gamma globulin are all examples of
plasma proteins
Ch. 7 - A high hematocrit might indicate
polycythemia
Ch. 8 - These structures serve as gates that regulate blood flow from arterioles into capillaries.
precapillary sphincters
Ch. 9 - Skin is able to prevent most microorganisms from entering the body by
producing alkaline secretions
Ch. 8 - Each of the following is part of the systemic circuit EXCEPT the
pulmonary arteries.
Ch. 8 - Which one of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
pulmonary vein
Ch. 7 - A scientist is interested in doing a research project on hemoglobin. From which one of the following could he extract the hemoglobin for his study?
red blood cells
Ch. 7 - Removal of the heme group from hemoglobin would result in
red blood cells not being able to bind oxygen
Ch. 7 - When the hormone erythropoietin is released in response to low oxygen levels, where is it transported to stimulate red blood cell production?
red bone marrow
Ch. 8 - After blood flows through the right atrium of the heart, its next major destination is the
right ventricle.
Ch. 7 - Albumin proteins in human blood function
to maintain blood volume
Ch. 7 - When a blood vessel gets damaged, contractions of smooth muscle referred to as ________ help constrict the vessel to reduce blood flow.
vascular spasms
Ch. 8 - The atrioventricular valves are closed when the
ventricles contract.
Ch. 7 - Which one of the following is a component of blood plasma?
water
