BIO 104 Module 4 Study Guide

Figure 53-4 Based on the accompanying figure, which of the following age intervals has the highest death rate?

0−1

Figure 56-2 Which of the lakes in the accompanying figure may have a thermocline?

2

Based on the temperature range and precipitation, which area in the accompanying figure is dominated by pine trees?

7

Four of the five statements listed below apply to the types of ecological pyramids. Which one is TRUE?

A pyramid of energy shows that energy decreases as one goes toward the apex of the pyramid.

Which of the following applies to the deepest zone of a large lake?

Anaerobic conditions

Plant roots absorb nitrate or ammonia and incorporate these compounds into plant proteins via the process of

Assimilation

The ____ realm has long been separated from other land masses and is the area in which marsupials are particularly common.

Australian

What bird, due to human efforts, has been removed from the endangered species list and is now listed as threatened?

Bald eagle

______ is an index of the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem.

Biological diversity

Which country would be expected to have the greatest species richness per unit area?

Brazil

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding a community in the natural world?

Communities refer to ecological categories that vary greatly in size and have precise boundaries.

The associated figure provides support for which of the following processes?

Competitive exclusion

In a human population with a high proportion of prereproductive individuals, the population will:

Continue to increase even if the fertility rate is at replacement levels

Denitrifying bacteria

Convert nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen

Which process is NOT indirectly related to absorption of solar energy by the Earth's surface?

Coriolis Effect

Which of the following processes restores nitrogen to the air?

Denitrification

Which statement about Earth's biomes is FALSE?

Deserts have less rainfall due to their distance from the ocean

Which action best illustrates in situ conservation?

Designating a large area as a national reserve

A biological community and its abiotic environment together comprise which of the following?

Ecosystem

A transitional zone where two or more communities meet is known as which of the following?

Ecotone

Algae and cyanobacteria are examples of primary consumers.

False

An example of ex situ conservation is a national park.

False

An exponential growth curve levels off at the carrying capacity.

False

Competition between species 1 and species 2 is beneficial for species 1 and harmful for species 2.

False

Consumption overpopulation is a problem in developing countries.

False

Dense coastal fog is characteristic of the temperate deciduous forest biome.

False

In an ecosystem's bottom-up processes, predators affect the abundances of other populations in the ecological community.

False

Most insects and invertebrates are said to be iteroparous.

False

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which gaseous nitrogen is converted to nitrate.

False

Oysters have a(n) Type-II survivorship curve.

False

The United States is part of the Palearctic realm.

False

The oceanic province is that part of the ocean that overlies the continental shelf.

False

The organisms that feed from all trophic levels are secondary consumers.

False

Which organisms may be a keystone species in a tropical rain forest?

Fig trees

What is the least likely effect of fires on organisms?

Fire instigates the growth of shade-tolerant plants.

Based on latitude only, which of the following U.S. states would be expected to have the highest species richness?

Georgia

Which endangered species has become so due to its specialized feeding habits?

Giant pandas

Which of the following is a predicted effect of continued global warming?

Greater impact on plant species in particular

Figure 57-1 In the accompanying figure, the process labeled as 3 illustrates an action that is reduced by greenhouse gas accumulation. What is this action?

Heat radiation into space

Figure 53-4 Which of the following species exhibits a mix of more than one type of survivorship over their life cycle?

Herring gulls

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a metapopulation?

Homogeneous species dispersal

____ includes the establishment of parks and reserves, concentrates on preserving biological diversity in nature.

In situ conservation

Two members of the same species compete for a limited resource, resulting in equal sharing of the limited resource. What is this called?

Intraspecific scramble competition

The Southern Hemisphere has no equivalent of the boreal forest of the north. Why?

It has no land in the corresponding latitudes.

Which statement about food chains is FALSE?

Mice consumption of grasses is harmful grass population

Many poisonous snakes share warning colors of red, yellow, and black. This is an example of:

Müllerian mimicry.

What term refers to the average rate at which organisms produce offspring?

Natality

A lake in which of the following locations would be expected to have the highest species richness?

National forest

Which process is not involved in the hydrologic cycle?

Nitrification

Iteroparity is common in which of the following organisms?

Perennial herbaceous plants

The effect of DDT on birds is a result of which three characteristics of DDT?

Persistence, bioaccumulation, and biological magnification

Which of the following series correctly represents the hierarchical organization within ecology?

Population → community → ecosystem → biosphere

Which are the three main roles played by organisms in community life?

Producer, consumer, decomposer

An example of mutualism is:

Rhizobium and legumes

Which factor is most important in determining the distribution of organisms in aquatic biomes?

Salinity

Figure 56-1 Based on the temperature range and precipitation, the area on the accompanying figure labeled as 3 represents which of the following biomes?

Savanna

Which of the following is NOT a condition that is likely to lead to clumped population dispersion?

Severe competition among individuals

Which of the following have local reproductive success that is less than the local mortality?

Sink habitats

When the structural complexity of the vegetation is more complex, what can generally be said of the species richness?

Species richness increases.

Which trophic level would contain the lowest quantity of energy (kcal per m2)?

Tertiary consumers

Figure 53-5 Refer to the accompanying figure. How would the survivorship curve for elephants be represented?

The curve C

In accordance with the species richness hypothesis, the critical importance of any one species is expected to be the least in which of the following habitats?

Tropical rain forest

A layer of permanently frozen ground is called permafrost.

True

In a food chain, producers occupy the first trophic level.

True

People overpopulation is the current problem in many developing nations.

True

The transition zone between biomes is called an ecotone.

True

Which of the following has increased as a direct result of stratospheric ozone depletion?

UVB

Which of the following directly drives ocean surface circulation patterns?

Winds

By the end of the 21st century, it is expected that the human population will:

achieve zero population growth.

An unprotected area of naturally occurring plant and animal assemblages that is surrounded by unsuitable territory due to development or habitat destruction is referred to by biologists as

an island.

Animals with chemical defenses are also typically:

aposematic.

Which set of values would result in a population with a growth rate of zero?

b = 1000, d = 500, i = 500, e = 1000

The community found on a rotting log would include:

bacteria.

Figure 53-1 The graph in the accompanying figure would best be described as:

being a J-shaped curve characteristic of exponential growth.

Sponges and brittle stars are members of the ____ category of organisms:

benthos

Figure 55-2 The accompanying figure is a good illustration of

biological magnification.

The introduction of a foreign species into an area where it is not native is called

biotic pollution.

Stratospheric ozone is important because it

blocks solar UV radiation.

The realized niche for the green anole was determined by:

competition.

In a lake, a certain native species of zooplankton is found evenly distributed in the water column. After introduction of a different species of zooplankton, the native species is only found in the shallow water zone. This is most likely an illustration of:

competitive exclusion.

When the size of a population begins to approach K, we can expect that the growth rate will:

decline.

The world human population has increased dramatically during the past few centuries due to:

decreased death rates.

The Coriolis effect results in the

deflection of moving air due to the rotation of Earth.

Headwater streams depend primarily on ____ as an energy input.

detritus

A(n) ____ is the transition zone where two ecosystems meet and intergrade.

ecotone

In the United States, the largest group of endangered species is

flowering plants.

The breakup of large areas of habitat into small, isolated patches is called

habitat fragmentation.

Drier climates tend to prevail

in a rain shadow

Figure 54-1 In Experimental Condition 2 of the accompanying figure, the distribution of Chthamalus suggests that:

interspecific competition kept Chthamalus from extending lower into the intertidal area.

An example of both chemical protection and coevolution can be seen in:

milkweeds and monarch caterpillars.

The relationship between reef-building coral animals and zooxanthellae is classified as:

mutualism.

The 'sun's energy is produced by

nuclear fusion reactions.

There are no trees in the tundra because:

of limited root penetration due to permafrost.

Biotic pollution has been particularly harmful to native species

on islands.

Microscopic algae typically fall under the classification of:

phytoplankton.

In large measure, differences in ____ that are due to variations in the amount of _____ at different locations on Earth drive the circulation of the atmosphere.

rainfall; solar energy

Generally, r-selected organisms exhibit:

short life spans and early maturity

The problems associated with slash-and-burn agriculture are most closely related to

subsistence agriculture.

The orderly replacement of one community by another is known as:

succession

For coral reefs to form in tropical waters, it is necessary for the coral animals to live in symbiosis with:

zooxanthellae.