Bio 106 First exam

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both: A. function to provide the cell a source of energy. B. are present in plants. C. contain DNA. D. all of the above

all the above

The following organelle is found in prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells of animal origin. A. mitochondria B. chloroplasts C. nucleus D. cell wall

cell wall

Plasma Membrane

A lipid/protein/carbohydrate complex, providing a barrier and containing transport and signaling systems.

Lysosymes

A membrane bound organelle that is responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in the cell, and also helps degrade materials ingested by the cell.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

A network of interconnected membranes forming channels within the cell. A site for synthesis and metabolism of lipids. Also contains enzymes for detoxifying chemicals including drugs and pesticides.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

A network of interconnected membranes forming channels within the cell. Covered with ribosomes (causing the "rough" appearance) which are in the process of synthesizing proteins for secretion or localization in membranes.

Golgi apparatus

A series of stacked membranes. Vesicles (small membrane surrounded bags) carry materials from the RER to the Golgi apparatus. Vesicles move between the stacks while the proteins are "processed" to a mature form. Vesicles then carry newly formed membrane and secreted proteins to their final destinations including secretion or membrane localization.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Synthesis and assembly of membrane and secreted proteins. (Rough ER is covered with ribosomes (causing the "rough" appearance) which are involved in the process of synthesizing proteins for secretion or localization in membranes.)

Which statement best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus? A. Specific transport and signaling systems B. Synthesis and assembly of membrane and secreted proteins C. Production of energy during photosynthesis D. Processing of membrane and secreted proteins, including glycosylation

D. Processing of membrane and secreted proteins, including glycosylation

Nucleus

Double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus. Pores allow specific communication with the cytoplasm. The nucleolus is a site for synthesis of RNA making up the ribosome.

Vacuoles

Membrane surrounded "bags" that contain water and storage materials in plants.

Cell wall

Plants have a rigid cell wall in addition to their cell membranes.

Peroxisomes or Microbodies

Produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide, a toxic compound that can be produced during metabolism.

Ribosomes

Protein and RNA complex responsible for protein synthesis.

Mitochondria

Surrounded by a double membrane with a series of folds called cristae. Functions in energy production through metabolism. Contains its own DNA, and is believed to have originated as a captured bacterium.

Chloroplasts (plastids)

Surrounded by a double membrane, containing stacked thylakoid membranes. Responsible for photosynthesis, the trapping of light energy for the synthesis of sugars. Contains DNA, and like mitochondria is believed to have originated as a captured bacterium.

In some diseases like cystic fibrosis, a cell membrane receptor fails to function. In the majority of cases, the problem comes from a change in the receptor so that it cannot reach the cell surface. The site in the cell where membrane proteins are synthesized and assembled builds up with the abnormal protein. This site would likely be the:

endoplasmic reticulum (The site of synthesis and assembly of membrane proteins, the ER also seems to be able to detect proteins that cannot fold correctly. These accumulate and are degraded. For CF, 70% of the patients have a form of the disease where the receptor accumulates in the ER.)

Which of the following is not alive, but requires life to be able to reproduce? A. Eubacteria B. Fungae C. Protozoa D. Viruses

viruses