Bio 111 unit 1, modules 1-4

10) In humans, energy stored in food is converted into ______ to perform work by the cells.

ATP

15) Which is an example of potential energy?

An apple of stored energy-rich macromolecules

16) Which of the following is an organic molecule?

C6H12O6 (glucose)

18) Which plant structure provides the initial capture of solar energy?

Chloroplasts

21) The largest number of ATP molecules is produced in which phase of cellular respiration?

Electron transport chain

17) When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat. Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be changed from one form to another.

8) What property of phospholipids makes them suitable for the formation of the double layer found in membranes?

They have both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic end

22) Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts provides support for the endosymbiotic theory?

They have their own genomes.

6) In a chemical reaction, the energy in ATP is provided by splitting the ATP molecule between the

adenosine diphosphate and phosphate

20) In the process of feedback inhibition the end product binds to the ______ to block the biochemical pathway.

allosteric site of the first enzyme

4) Which of the following monomers is correctly matched with its polymer?

amino acid- protein -make sure you review the other three in your notes ;)

12) Of the following list of ingredients of an energy drink, which is likely the biggest contributor to the boost of energy felt?

caffeine

1) At the cellular level, solar energy is harvested in the __________.

chloroplast

5) The plasma membrane regulates the transport of materials in and out of the cell. What process would be used to move a noncharged molecule across the membrane?

diffusion

13) The second law of thermodynamics states that

during the transfer of energy, some energy is lost as heat

3) Which process is responsible for moving bulk cellular wastes across the cell membrane?

excoytosis

9) Which of the following is a passive mechanism used to move materials into and out of the cell?

facilitated diffusion

7) true or false: The role of NAD+ in cellular respiration is to move high-energy neutrons during the breakdown of glucose.

false

14) Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes __________.

have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates

23) Glucose molecules are linked together through dehydration synthesis to form starch. Based on this description, glucose is a __________ and starch is a __________.

monomer; polymer

24) In a biochemical reaction, the energy of activation is the amount of energy

required to start a reaction.

19) The source of all energy is provided by __________.

the sun

11) Which of the following vitamins is categorized as water-soluble?

vitamins B and C

25) Lipids are different from other nutrient classes in that they __________.

will not combine with water

2) Energy nutrients can be found in a variety of foods. From the list below, select the foods that would provide the body with the most protein.

beans, meat