BIO 1150.01 Exam 2 practice Quiz

Which phase of meiosis introduces genetic variability through crossing over?a) Prophase I b) Metaphase I c) Anaphase II d) Telophase I

a) Prophase I

What is Mendel's law of independent assortment? a) Alleles for different traits blend together b) Alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation c) Each gene is passed on to offspring in an identical manner d) Traits are inherited together in specific patterns

b) Alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation

What type of inheritance occurs when both alleles are equally expressed in a heterozygote? a) Incomplete dominance b) Codominance c) Pleiotropy d) Polygenic inheritance

b) Codominance

What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication? a) DNA polymerase b) Helicase c) Ligase d) Primase

b) Helicase

Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the chloroplast? a) Thylakoid membrane b) Stroma c) Granum d) Nucleus

b) Stroma

What is the main purpose of photosynthesis? a) To break down organic molecules b) To convert solar energy into chemical energy c) To release oxygen into the atmosphere d) To absorb water and nutrients from the soil

b) To convert solar energy into chemical energy

How many chromosomes do human somatic (body) cells typically have? a) 23 b) 24 c) 46 d) 48

c) 46

What is the pigment responsible for capturing light energy in plants? a) Hemoglobin b) Chloroplast c) Chlorophyll d) Stroma

c) Chlorophyll

What is the result of meiosis? a) Two genetically identical diploid cells b) Two genetically different haploid cells c) Four genetically unique haploid cells d) Four genetically identical diploid cells

c) Four genetically unique haploid cells

What is the significance of a testcross in genetics? a) It determines the physical appearance of an organism b) It determines the exact number of chromosomes c) It helps determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype d) It shows the relationship between genes and environment

c) It helps determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype

Which part of photosynthesis produces oxygen as a byproduct? a) Calvin Cycle b) Light-independent reactions c) Light-dependent reactions d) Cellular respiration

c) Light-dependent reactions

What occurs during prophase of mitosis? a) Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell b) Sister chromatids separate c) Nuclear envelope breaks down d) The cell divides into two daughter cells

c) Nuclear envelope breaks down

Which structure in a plant cell allows for gas exchange? a) Thylakoids b) Chloroplasts c) Stomata d) Granum

c) Stomata

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with which base? a) Guanine (G) b) Cytosine (C) c) Thymine (T) d) Uracil (U)

c) Thymine (T)

Which of the following disorders is caused by nondisjunction? a) Sickle cell anemia b) Cystic fibrosis c) Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) d) Hemophilia

c) Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

What is the result of crossing two homozygous dominant (WW) and homozygous recessive (ww) individuals? A) All dominant phenotype B) All recessive phenotype C) 50% dominant, 50% recessive D) 75% dominant, 25% recessive

Answer: A) All dominant phenotype

In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine (A)? A) Thymine (T) B) Guanine (G) C) Cytosine (C) D) Uracil (U)

Answer: A) Thymine (T)

What two products are formed during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? A) Glucose and Oxygen B) ATP and NADPH C) Carbon Dioxide and Water D) Oxygen and Glucose

Answer: B) ATP and NADPH

In mRNA, which codon signals the start of protein synthesis? A) UGA B) AUG C) UAA D) UAG

Answer: B) AUG

What is the main pigment involved in photosynthesis? A) Carotene B) Chlorophyll C) Xanthophyll D) Anthocyanin

Answer: B) Chlorophyll

Which of the following occurs during the Calvin cycle? A) Water is split B) Glucose is formed C) Light energy is absorbed D) Oxygen is released

Answer: B) Glucose is formed

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align at the cell's equator? A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase D) Telophase

Answer: B) Metaphase

What type of cross can determine the genotype of an individual displaying a dominant phenotype? A) Monohybrid cross B) Testcross C) Dihybrid cross D) Incomplete dominance cross

Answer: B) Testcross

Which process synthesizes a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template? A) Translation B) Transcription C) Replication D) Mitosis

Answer: B) Transcription

Where does photosynthesis take place in plant cells? A) Mitochondria B) Nucleus C) Chloroplasts D) Ribosomes

Answer: C) Chloroplasts

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for DNA replication? A) RNA Polymerase B) DNA Ligase C) DNA Polymerase D) Helicase

Answer: C) DNA Polymerase

What is the structure of DNA described as? A) Triple Helix B) Single Stranded C) Double Helix D) Quadruple Helix

Answer: C) Double Helix

What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment? A) Genes for different traits are inherited together B) Alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation C) Each pair of alleles segregates independently of others during gamete formation D) A dominant allele will mask a recessive allele

Answer: C) Each pair of alleles segregates independently of others during gamete formation

What phase takes up 90% of the cell cycle? A) Mitosis B) Cytokinesis C) Interphase D) Prophase

Answer: C) Interphase

What is the primary purpose of meiosis? A) Growth and repair B) Asexual reproduction C) To produce genetically unique gametes D) To replicate DNA

Answer: C) To produce genetically unique gametes