Bio 1305 Exam 2 Review

always occur together

Oxidation and reduction

Ribosomes

Which of the following is/are found in prokaryotic cells?

binary fission

A bacterial cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells by a process known as

membrane fluidity is reduced in nerve cells.

Contact with ice numbs a person's fingers because at lower temperatures

α- and β-tubulin.

Microtubules are composed of monomers of

sunlight energy is used to make sugar.

Chloroplasts are structures in which a. chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP.

Their wavelengths are different

How do red and blue light differ from each other?

Pinocytosis

If a cell needs to acquire dissolved solutes continuously, which mechanism will most likely aid this process?

diploid

In a diploid organism, zygotes are

glycolysis

In all cells, glucose metabolism begins with

bilayer; fatty acids pointing toward each other

In biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in a _______, with the _______.

regulate movement of materials across the nuclear membrane.

The function of the nuclear pores is to

energy is consumed.

When ADP gains a phosphate to form ATP,

oxidized

When a molecule loses hydrogen atoms (as opposed to hydrogen ions), it becomes

raises the molecule from a ground state of low energy to an excited state.

When a photon is absorbed by a molecule, the photon

Facilitated diffusion

Which of the following is an example of passive transport?

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Which of the following is the balanced equation for the generation of sugar from sunlight, water, and CO2?

ATP hydrolysis

Which of the following is the driving force for active transport?

CO2 and water are converted into sugars.

Which of the following occurs during the carbon-fixation reactions of photosynthesis?

Carbon atom; lipid molecule; virus; bacterium; plant cell

Which of the following represents is the correct arrangement of items in order of size, from smallest to largest?

Peroxisome

Which organelle contains special enzymes to safely break down toxic by-products of oxidation?

Each one is regulated by specific enzymes.

Which statement about metabolic pathways is true?

cytoskeleton

You watch an amoeba in culture moving along the bottom of the dish, constantly changing its shape. This change in shape is due primarily to changes in the _______ of the amoeba.

in a direction opposite to the one in which diffusion moves them

Active transport usually moves molecules

regulate which materials can cross the membrane.

All cellular membranes

prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do.

A major distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that

ligand

A molecule that binds to the particular three-dimensional structure of another molecule's receptor site is known as a(n)

vacuole; cell membrane; cell wall

A student has built a model of a plant cell for a science fair. It consists of a balloon filled with water that is placed within a plastic bag that also contains water, and this bag is held within a plastic box. In this model, the balloon most likely represents a _______, the plastic bag represents the _______, and the plastic box represents the _______.

RNA and proteins

Ribosomes are made up of

osmosis refers specifically to the movement of water, whereas diffusion refers to the movement of any type of molecules.

The difference between osmosis and diffusion is that

exposed on the surface of the membrane.

The hydrophilic regions of a membrane protein are most likely

chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b

The main photosynthetic pigments in plants are _______ and _______.

DNA; proteins

The molecules that make up a chromosome are _______ and _______.

glycolysis

The process that converts glucose to pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP but no carbon dioxide, is called

autocrine signals

The signals that bind to receptors of the same cell that made them are known as

receptor

To respond to a signal, a cell must have a(n) _______ molecule that can detect the signal.