Bio 148 Test 1

The smallest clade that includes all Protists and Archaea would also include: a. Animals and Fungi b. Animals, Fungi and Bacteria c. Fungi only d. Bacteria e. Animals only

a. Animals and Fungi

Which of the following groups contains members that are heterotrophs? a. Bacteria, animals and protists b. Protists only c. Bacteria and animals d. Animals only e. Bacteria only

a. Bacteria, animals and protists

Which of the following statements is true of DNA synthesis? a. DNA polymerase requires a single-stranded template plus a free 3' -OH group to synthesize DNA! b. DNA polymerases catalyze the random addition of monomers to the DNA polymer chain. c. DNA polymerases adds new nucleotides in the 3' → 5' direction to complete the complementary strand.

a. DNA polymerase requires a single-stranded template plus a free 3' -OH group to synthesize DNA!

What does it mean to say that a characteristic of an individual organism is heritable? a. The characteristic can be passed on to offspring b. The characteristic does not evolve c. The characteristic does not vary among individuals in a population d. The characteristic is advantageous to the organism

a. The characteristic can be passed on to offspring

During semiconservative replication, a. The two strands of a DNA molecule separate, and each is used as a template to make a new strand. b. DNA is transcribed into RNA c. Parental DNA molecules remain intact and create an entirely new DNA molecule

a. The two strands of a DNA molecule separate, and each is used as a template to make a new strand.

During DNA replication, a. entire DNA molecules are copied to make (mostly) identical DNA molecules b. Gene-sized bits of DNA are copied c. DNA is converted into protein

a. entire DNA molecules are copied to make (mostly) identical DNA molecules

Which of these is a feature of all animals and all fungi? a. heterotrophic b. lack of cell walls c. nerve tissue d. multicellularity

a. heterotrophic

All fungi are: a. heterotrophs b. autotrophs c. protists d. single-celled e. both protists and heterotrophs

a. heterotrophs

A synapomorphy that defines the protists is: a. Heterotrophy b. None of these answer is a synapomorphy that defines protists c. The presence of a cell membrane d. Multicellularity e. All of these answers

b. None of these answer is a synapomorphy that defines protists

X-rays can break the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. What type of bond breaks when this occurs? a. Nitrogenous bond b. Phosphodiester Bond c. Hydroxyl bond d. Hydrogen bond

b. Phosphodiester Bond

Which of the following taxa include organisms with cells that divide by meiosis (sexual reproduction)? a. Bacteria and Archaea b. Protists c. Archaea d. Bacteria, Archaea and Protists e. Bacteria

b. Protists

Which group of eukaryotes contains members that can be multicellular? a. fungi and plants only b. all of these groups c. protists only d. fungi only e. plants only

b. all of these groups

Which of the following, if found, would NOT support the endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts? a. chloroplasts contain circular DNA similar to cyanobacteria b. chloroplasts have large, eukaryotic-like ribosomes c. chloroplasts reproduce by fission d. chloroplasts are about the same size as cyanobacteria e. chloroplasts have a double membrane

b. chloroplasts have large, eukaryotic-like ribosomes

Which of following were present in the common ancestor of Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya? a. ribosomes only b. ribosomes and DNA c. Ribosomes, DNA and endoplasmic reticulum d. endoplasmic reticulum e. DNA only

b. ribosomes and DNA

Which of the following is NOT required for evolution by natural selection? a. differential reproduction b. unlimited population growth c. heredity d. variation in traits

b. unlimited population growth

Yeast infection are caused by a fungus. What type of anti-fungal drug would be useful to treat a year infection but not harm the cells of a person? a. A drug that inhibits linear chromosome replication b. A drug that inhibits mitochondria function c. A drug that inhibits chitin synthesis e. A drug that inhibits mitosis

c. A drug that inhibits chitin synthesis

Which of the following is TRUE? a. A trait can be an adaptation regardless of its effect on fitness b. Adaptation to the environment does not require heritable traits c. Individuals with adaptations have higher fitness than those without the adaptation d. Adaptations can either increase or decrease fitness in a given environment

c. Individuals with adaptations have higher fitness than those without the adaptation

A single-celled organism that has chloroplasts but no cell wall could be a: a. Any of these b. Bacteria c. Protist d. Archaea e. Plants

c. Protist

Which of the following is NOT a monophyletic group? a. Archaea b. All these groups are monophyletic c. Protists d. Eukarya e. Bacteria

c. Protists

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all living things? a. They contain ribosomes b. They use proteins as their genetic material. c. They are composed of one or more cells AND they contain ribosomes d. They are composed of one or more cells, they contain ribosomes AND they use proteins as their genetic material.

c. They are composed of one or more cells AND they contain ribosomes

Which structure is common to plant and animals cells? a. chloroplasts, mitochondria and a cell membrane b. chloroplasts only c. a cell membrane and mitochondria d. a cell membrane only

c. a cell membrane and mitochondria

Which of the following groups do NOT contain members with a cell wall? a. bacteria b. fungi c. animals d. plants e. archaea

c. animals

Your professor gives you an organism to study. You determine that the organism contains DNA and ribosomes, has a plasma membrane and can reproduce sexually. To which group could this organism belong? a. Bacteria b. Archaea c. Eukarya d. The organism could belong to any of these groups

c. eukarya

Which of the following would NOT be found in a prokaryotic cell? a. plasma membrane b. cell wall c. linear DNA d. cytoplasm e. ribosomes

c. linear DNA

Which of the following would NOT be found in a prokaryotic cell? a. cytoplasm b. plasma membrane c. linear DNA d. cell wall e. ribosomes

c. linear DNA

Which of following were present in the common ancestor of Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya? a. DNA only b. ribosomes only c. ribosomes and DNA d. endoplasmic reticulum e. Ribosomes, DNA and endoplasmic reticulum

c. ribosomes and DNA

Which of the following features could be shared between a fungus and an insect (arthropod)? a. eukaryotic cells b. both heterotrophy and eukaryotic cells c. heterotrophy d. All of these features e. multicellularity

d. All of these features

Which of the following about prokaryotes is FALSE? a. Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes b. Some prokaryotes can perform photosynthesis c. Prokaryotes divide by fission d. Prokaryotes perform meiosis to make gametes. e. The shape and size of prokaryotic cells varies

d. Prokaryotes perform meiosis to make gametes

You identify a multicellular organism with mitochondria and chloroplasts but no nucleus. What type of organism could it be? a. Plant b. Archaea c. Protist d. The organism can't be classified as any of the above e. Bacteria

d. The organism can't be classified as any of the above

Which structure is common to plant and animals cells? a. chloroplasts only b. chloroplasts, mitochondria and a cell membrane c. mitochondria only d. a cell membrane and mitochondria e. a cell membrane only

d. a cell membrane and mitochondria

When nucleotides polymerize to form a nucleic acid, _____. a. a hydrogen bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second b. hydrogen bonds form between the bases of two nucleotides within a single strand c. covalent bonds form between the bases of two nucleotides within a single strand d. a covalent bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second

d. a covalent bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second

cell wall, with a thick peptidoglycan layer on the outside of the cell wall, is characteristic of: a. protists b. archaea c. gram-negative bacteria d. gram-positive bacteria e. plant cells

d. gram-positive bacteria

Which of the following groups includes all the descendants from a common ancestor? a. Protists only b. Land plants only c. Plants, animals, and protists d. land plants AND animals e. Animals only

d. land plants AND animals

Evolutionary change occurs in_______________. Natural selection acts on __________. a. species, genes b. individual organisms, populations c. species, populations d. populations, individual organisms e. genes, populations

d. populations, individual organisms

A eukaryotic organism.... (Choose the most complete answer.) a. possess membrane bound organelles b. lacks a nucleus c. lacks a nucleus AND uses the same type of genetic material as prokaryote d. possess membrane bound organelles AND uses the same type of genetic material as prokaryotes e. uses the same type of genetic material as a prokaryote

d. possess membrane bound organelles AND uses the same type of genetic material as prokaryotes

Under which of the following environmental conditions can prokaryotes live? a. at high temperatures or low pH b. at low pH only c. in the absence of sunlight only d. they can live in any of these conditions e. at high temperatures only

d. they can live in any of these conditions

What statement is TRUE about cells on Earth today? a. All living things are made up of many cells. b. All cells contain a nucleus. c. All cells have organelles d. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

d.All cells come from pre-existing cells.

How does the structure of DNA hold the information needed to code for the many features of multicellular organisms? a. The amino acids that make up the DNA molecule contain the information needed to make cellular proteins. b. The width of the double helix changes at each gene due to differences in hydrogen bonds c. The hydrogen bonding among backbone constituents carries coded information e. The base sequence of DNA carries all the information needed to code for proteins

e. The base sequence of DNA carries all the information needed to code for proteins

Which of the following is TRUE about the tree of life? a. All prokaryotes and their common ancestor make up a clade b. There is no common ancestor of all life forms living today c. Many organisms living today cannot be grouped into one of the three domains d. Archaea are more closely related to Bacteria than they are to Eukarya e. Two of the three domains of life consist of prokaryotic organisms

e. Two of the three domains of life consist of prokaryotic organisms

Which of the following could be present in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell? a. a circular plasmid only b. a circular chromosome and ribosomes c. a circular chromosome only d. ribosomes only e. a circular chromosome, ribosomes and a circular plasmid

e. a circular chromosome, ribosomes and a circular plasmid

The most recent common ancestor of all eukaryotes probably did NOT have: a. chloroplasts b. ribosomes c. a nucleus d. mitochondria e. endoplasmic reticulum

e. endoplasmic reticulum

An organism belonging to the Domain Eukarya.... (Choose the most complete answer.) a. possesses membrane bound organelles b. uses the same type of genetic material as a member of the Domain Archaea c. lacks a nucleus AND uses the same type of genetic material as a member of the Domain Archaea d. lacks a nucleus e. possesses membrane bound organelles AND uses the same type of genetic material as a member of the Domain Archaea

e. possesses membrane bound organelles AND uses the same type of genetic material as a member of the Domain Archaea

Based on the currently accepted theories for the evolution of eukaryotic cells, which of the following cell structures currently found in green algae evolved from the plasma membrane of an ancestral cell? a. the endoplasmic reticulum only b. the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum c. the outer membrane of the mitochondria only d. the nuclear membrane only e. the nuclear membrane, the ER, and the outer membrane of the mitochondria

e. the nuclear membrane, the ER, and the outer membrane of the mitochondria

A replicated chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids True False

true

An unreplicated chromosome consists of one double-stranded DNA molecule. True False

true

S phase of the cell cycle is when DNA polymerase would be actively copying DNA. True False

true

When mutations rarely occur, they become part of the DNA sequence of cells descended from the original cell with the mutation. False True

true