BIO 160 - Chapter 11, DNA Technology
pseudogenes
noncoding DNA sequences that are not translated into protein
clone
organism produced by asexual reproduction
To secrete human proteins in their milk, which can be used for drugs
transgenic animals can be used for what purpose?
adult stem cells
undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ
embryonic stem cells
undifferentiated cells that can develop into any type of body cell
tumor inducing
Ti plasmid
herbicide resistant crops
Ti plasmids can be used to create:
doubles
What happens to the number of pieces of DNA with each round of PCR?
agrobacterium tumefaciens
What tumor inducing bacterium can be used to create herbicide resistant crops?
In bacteria and yeasts
Where do plasmids naturally occur?
DNA Technology
a broad term that usually means the manipulation of genes for some practical purpose
somatic cell nuclear transfer
a cloning technique that involves substituting genetic material from an adult's cell for the nucleus of an egg
cloning vector
a self-replicating genetic structure that will carry the source DNA into the recipient cell
DNA probe
a single-stranded sequence of nucleotides that is used to detect a complementary DNA sequence
one remains a stem cell and divides again while the other specializes
what happens when a stem cell divides in mitosis?
transgenic organism
an individual that receives recombinant DNA
stem cell
an undifferentiated cell that can give rise to specialized cell types
plasmid
common type of cloning vector, which is a small circle of double stranded DNA separate from the cell's chromosome
gene gun
device used to shoot DNA-coated pellets into plant cells
rRNA, rRNA, and microRNA
much of our DNA is transcribed into what?
introns
Bacterial cells cannot remove ___________ from mRNA, which would cause DNA to encode a defective protein in bacteria.
400,000
How many different proteins can our cells produce?
1.5%
How much of the human genome sequence actually encodes proteins?
95 degrees celsius
In PCR, what temperature do the double stranded DNA become unzipped?
preimplantation genetic diagnosis
In assisted reproductive technology, the determination of genetic abnormalities in the embryo before it is transferred to the uterus
by removing different combinations of introns
In eukaryotic cells, how can a single gene encode for more than one protein?
25,000
Our genome includes approximately how many protein-encoding genes?
thermal cylinder
PCR occurs in what automated device that controls key temperature changes?
restriction enzymes
Proteins that cut double-stranded DNA at a specific base sequence
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Technique that replicates DNA in a test tube
reverse transcriptase
enzyme used to make a DNA copy of mRNA for transgenic bacteria
recombinant DNA
genetic material that has been spliced together from multiple sources
beta-carotene
golden rice contains what added nutrient
transposons
highly repetitive sequences with no known function, making up 45% of human DNA
radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag
how is a DNA probe labeled?
bacillus thuringiensis
insect killing protein, abbreviated Bt
enhancers
regulatory sequences of DNA that control gene expression
short tandem repeats
sequences of a few nucleotides that are repeated in noncoding regions of DNA, used in DNA profiling.