Bio 181 Test 1
Enzymes that break down organic molecules carry this action by the chemical reaction known as: A- Hydrolysis reaction B- Condensation reaction C- Disulfide reaction D- Van der Waals reaction E- Hydrogen bond reaction
A- Hydrolysis reaction
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are drugs that disrupt the phosphodiester bonds. Select the molecule that will be affected by this drug. A- Nucleic acids B- Lipids C- Carbohydrates D- Proteins
A- Nucleic Acids
The property found in the water molecule which allows for cohesion of this molecule to take place is: A- Polarity of the water molecule B- Atomic number of the water molecule C- Atomic mass of the water molecule D- Adhesion property of the water molecule E- Specific heat absorption of the water molecule
A- Polarity of the water molecule
Which of the following structural level of organization of the proteins determines the entire three dimensional shape of the protein. A- Primary structure B- Secondary structure C- Tertiary structure D- Quaternary structure
A- Primary structure
- Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement? A- Steroid B- Cellulose C- DNA D- Enzyme E- Contractile protein
A- Steroid
Solid water is less dense than liquid water. This allows ice to float and create a solid layer of water on top of rivers and lakes, insulating the liquid water from the low whether temperatures. This insulation has allowed life to survive in the water during the cold seasons. The reason why solid water is less dense than liquid water is: A- The distance between the water molecules increase in solid water B- The distance between the water molecules decrease in solid water C- The number of molecules increase in solid water D- The number of molecules decrease in solid water E- The hydrogen bond is capable of absorbing heat
A- The distance between the water molecules increase in solid water
You are a student doing research in a biochemistry research laboratory and you discovered a new protein, which is responsible for causing a neurological disease. Your data shows that in people that suffer this condition, the folding of the secondary and tertiary structural levels of their protein is different when compared to the structural levels of organization of the normal protein in healthy patients. Taking into consideration the information learned in class, you know that the most important factor that can affect the three dimensional shape of this protein is: A- The specific sequence of amino acids B- The specific position of the hydrogen bonds C- The specific position of the disulfide bonds D- The specific position of the ionic bonds E- The specific position of the Van der Waal interactions
A- The specific sequence of amino acids
Assertion In proteins, the hydrogen bonds of the secondary structure occurs only between the side chains of the amino acids Reason: Hydrogen bonds are formed between charged amino acids.
Assertion is false, Reason is false
Assertion: A solution with a pH of 11 has 100 times less hydroxide ions (-OH) in it than a solution with pH 9. Reason: In the pH scale the concentration of protons increase when you move from 0 to 14 and the concentration of hydrogen ions decreases when you move from 14 to 0.
Assertion is false, Reason is false
Assertion: Changes in the tertiary structure of the protein will cause changes in the primary structure of the protein Reason: The tertiary structure of the protein makes a substantial contribution to the 3 dimensional shape of the protein.
Assertion is false, Reason is true
Assertion: 60 grams of isopropanol (C3H8O) contains 6.02X1023 atoms of isopropanol. Reason: 1 mole is equal to 6.02X1023 units of a molecule, ions or atoms.
Assertion is false; reason is true
Assertion: Carbon is referred to as "the best lego in the box" because it contains the correct chemical characteristics to create organic molecules of diverse size and shapes. Reason: The chemical characteristics of the organic molecules are very diverse due to the chemical properties that the carbon atom provides them.
Assertion is true, Reason is false
Fact: Microbiologists have reported the existence of extremophile bacteria living in the craters of volcanoes. These organisms can withstand temperature of 56° C (133° F). Assertion: The cell membrane of the extremophile bacteria must be rich in saturated fatty acids Reason: Saturated phospholipids decrease the fluidity and permeability of the membrane.
Assertion is true, Reason is true, Reason is the correct explanation
Assertion: If the atoms of hydrogen and boron engage in a chemical reaction they will form a non-polar covalent bond Reason: Each atom has the capacity of attracting electrons towards itself, which determines the type of bond that they can form
Assertion is true, Reason is true; Reason is correct explanation
Fact: Every theory has a pattern and a mechanism Assertion: The fact that all organisms are made of cells is the pattern of the cell theory Reason: Replication is the mechanism of the cell theory
Assertion is true, Reason is true; Reason is correct explanation
Adderall is a FDA-approved medication for the treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). However, a new modality has started to emerge on college campuses in which students who don't suffer from ADD are taking Adderall because they believe that this medication will help them perform better during exams. However, there is no experimental evidence suggesting that this medication could improve the test taking performance of a student that does not suffer from attention deficit disorder. In order to test the drug's effectiveness (or lack of) during a test, a cognitive psychologist decided to recruit 100 college students and divide them into two groups. One group received a pill with the Adderall medication and the second group got a pill without Adderall (placebo). Both of these pills have the same appearance, taste and odor. The subjects did not know whether they were taking Adderall or the placebo. After administering the pill, all subjects will take an identical exam and their results will be tabulated and compared. Select the statement that correctly states the null hypothesis of this experiment. A- Adderall improves student's test taking performance. B- Adderall does not improve student's test taking performance. C- Students that take Adderall before an exam will have better scores. D- Students that took the placebo before the exam will have better scores. E- No score differences will be observed between students that take Adderall or the placebo.
B- Adderall does not improve student's test taking performance
You discover a new protein that is capable of increasing the pH of a solution. According to this information, which of the following amino acids would you expect to find in large amounts within the protein? A- Aspartate and Glutamate B- Arginine and Lysine C- Aspartate and Lysine D- Methionine and Valine E- Tyrosine and Serine
B- Arginine and Lysine
Select the macromolecules that serve as an identification badge for cells. A- Proteins B- Carbohydrates C- Lipids D- Nucleic acids
B- Carbohydrates
The chemical interaction that keeps together the two strands in the DNA molecule is: A- Covalent bond B- Hydrogen bond C- Ionic bond D- Van der Waal Interactions E- All of the above
B- Hydrogen bond
- Which of the following chemical bonds will contribute to the denaturation of the tertiary structure of a protein if the concentration of hydronium is increased or decreased. A- Disulfide bond B- Ionic bond C- Van der Waals Interaction D- Hydrogen bond
B- Ionic bond
Two or more different atoms with extremely similar electronegativity will form.... A- Polar covalent bonds B- Nonpolar covalent bonds C- Van der Wall Interactions D- Ionic bonds E- All of the above
B- Nonpolar covalent bonds
- What are two non-specific ways one can denature a protein of interest? A- Inserting chemotrypsin (an enzyme that hydrolyzes the peptide bonds) and raising the temperature. B- Raising the temperature and drastic pH changes C- Increasing metabolism and drastic pH changes D- Increasing the temperature and metabolism
B- Raising the temperature and drastic pH changes
What is the difference between a ribonucleotide and a deoxyribonucleotide? A- Ribonucleotides contain a phosphate group. B- Ribonucleotides have a hydroxyl group on the 2 carbon of their sugar subunit. C- Ribonucleotides contain a sugar with five carbon atoms. D- Ribonucleotides have a hydrogen atom on the 1 carbon of their sugar subunit.
B- Ribonucleotides have a hydroxyl group on the 2 carbon of their sugar subunit.
In biology, everything can be explained by using two different principles. These principles are... A- The First Law of Thermodynamics and The Theory of Evolution B- The Theory of Evolution and The Cell Theory C- Theory of the Fluid Mosaic Membrane and The Cell Theory D- The Germ Theory and the Theory of Evolution E- The Theory of Evolution and the Theory of Natural Selection
B- The Theory of Evolution and The Cell Theory
A robot spacecraft that landed on Mars just sent the results of a soil analysis to Earth. Among all the particles analyzed by this robot, there are some interesting results that the scientist decided to study further. The results suggest that some of the soil particles are inhabited by biological agents that produce heat, increase their numbers and consume a sugar-like molecule. However, it is clear that they lack the ability to pass information to their offspring. Select the statement that correctly describes this agent. A- The agent is a living organism. B- The agent is not a living organism. C- The agent is going through the process of evolution. D- Natural selection is acting on the agent.
B- The agent is not a living organism.
All of the following are examples of lipids except: A- Wax B- Cholesterol C- Chitin D- Phospholipids E- Fats
C- Chitin
Select the statement that is correct about lipids. A- Fats and phospholipids are amphipathic B- Fats and cholesterol are amphipathic C- Cholesterol and phospholipids are amphipathic D- Cholesterol and fatty acids are amphipathic E- Phospholipids and fatty acids are amphipathic
C- Cholesterol and phospholipids are amphipathic
The secondary structural level of organization in the RNA molecule consists of: A- Its specific sequence of nucleotides B- Double stranded complementary structure C- It's stem-loop structure D- It's antiparallel characteristic E- Its Van der Waal Interaction
C- It's stem-loop structure
Which of the following macromolecules is considered a macromolecule but is not considered a polymer. A- Proteins B- Carbohydrates C- Lipids D- Nucleic acids E- RNA
C- Lipids
Which of the following macromolecules are paired with the wrong covalent bond? A- Proteins; peptide bond B- DNA; phosphodiester bond C- Lipids; glycosidic bond D- RNA; phosphodiester bond E- Carbohydrates; glycosidic bond
C- Lipids; glycosidic bond
Which of the following statements regarding carbohydrates is incorrect? A- Carbohydrates are macromolecules integral in cell identity, structure and energy storage. B- Cellulose molecules are held together by very stable glycosidic linkages. C- Our body contains enzymes that can cleave alpha and beta glycosidic linkages in starch and cellulose. D- A condensation reaction takes place during the breaking of sugar polymers. E- B and D are incorrect
C- Our body contains enzymes that can cleave alpha and beta glycosidic linkages in starch and cellulose. or D- A condensation reaction takes place during the breaking of sugar polymers.
Adderall is a FDA-approved medication for the treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). However, a new modality has started to emerge on college campuses in which students who don't suffer from ADD are taking Adderall because they believe that this medication will help them perform better during exams. However, there is no experimental evidence suggesting that this medication could improve the test taking performance of a student that does not suffer from attention deficit disorder. In order to test the drug's effectiveness (or lack of) during a test, a cognitive psychologist decided to recruit 100 college students and divide them into two groups. One group received a pill with the Adderall medication and the second group got a pill without Adderall (placebo). Both of these pills have the same appearance, taste and odor. The subjects did not know whether they were taking Adderall or the placebo. After administering the pill, all subjects will take an identical exam and their results will be tabulated and compared. Select the statement that correctly states the prediction for the hypothesis. A- Adderall improves student's test taking performance. B- Adderall does not improve student's test taking performance. C- Students that take Adderall before an exam will have better scores. D- Students that took the placebo before the exam will have better scores. E- No score differences will be observed between students that take Adderall or the placebo.
C- Students that take Adderall before an exam will have better scores.
The ________________ is the characteristic that will determine the maximum number of bonds that an atom is able to form. A- Atomic number B- Mass number C- Valence electrons D- Electronegativity E- Valence shell
C- Valence electrons
Sulfur is a naturally occurring element which, in its standard form, contains ______ protons, ________ electrons and ________ neutrons. A- 16, 18, 14 B- 18, 16, 16 C- 18, 14, 16 D- 16, 16, 16 E- 16, 16, 18
D- 16, 16, 16
The stomach has a pH of roughly 2 in order to digest foods. If enough basic solutions are added to neutralize the acid, the pH should be: A- 5 B- 1 C- 14 D- 7 E- 8
D- 7
A good example of cold weather adaptation can be observed in winter wheat, which is planted early fall, grows over the winter when the weather is colder, and is harvested in the spring. As the temperature drops from fall to winter, the makeup of the plasma membrane of winter wheat changes. Unsaturated fatty acids replace saturated fatty acids in the phospholipids of the membrane. Why would colder weather select for the different lipid makeup in the plasma membrane? A- Because in colder weather the fluidity of the membrane decreases but the permeability increases. B- Because in colder weather the fluidity of the membrane increases but the permeability decreases. C- Because in colder weather both the fluidity and permeability of the membrane increases. D- Because in colder weather both the fluidity and permeability of the membrane decreases.
D- Because in colder weather both the fluidity and permeability of the membrane decreases
Which of the following compounds will have a harder time diffusing across a membrane? A- Water and Na+ ion B- Urea and water C- Glucose and urea D- Cl- ions and glucose
D- Cl- ions and glucose
The development of cancer may sometimes involve toxic adduction of DNA that may destabilize the structure and lead to apyrimidinic sites (sites where pyrimidines are missing). Which nucleotides have most likely been "knocked out"? A- Adenine, Guanine and Uracil B- Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil C- Guanine, Thymine and Uracil D- Cytosine and Thymine E- Adenine and Guanine
D- Cytosine and Thymine
A small group (5 individuals) of a large population of manatees swam from the Caribbean and established themselves in West Africa. Genomic analysis shows that the genetic pool of both populations (the one that remained in the Caribbean and the new one that established itself in West Africa) is different. According to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, which of the following five conditions was violated in this species, which resulted in a change in the genetic pool of these two populations. A- Large Size Population B- Random Mating C- Mutation D- Migration E- Selection
D- Migration
Select the statement that correctly describes a difference between the DNA and RNA molecule: A- The DNA molecule has a hydroxyl group in the 2' carbon but the RNA molecule doesn't. B- The DNA molecule contains uracil and the RNA molecule has thymine. C- The DNA molecule has a tertiary level of organization while the RNA molecule has a tertiary and secondary level of organization. D- The DNA molecule stores information while the RNA molecule carries information and is a catalytic molecule. E- The DNA and the RNA molecule consist of two antiparallel strands.
D- The DNA molecule stores information while the RNA molecule carries information and is a catalytic molecule.
Which of the following properties of water contribute to the Van der Waals interactions? A- Water is denser as a liquid than a solid B- Water has cohesive properties C- Water has adhesive properties D- Water interact only with other polar and charged molecules E- Water has a high capacity to absorb heat
D- Water interact only with other polar and charged molecules
Which of the following amino acids will engage in an ionic bond in the tertiary structure of the protein. A- Aspartate and Glutamate B- Lysine and Arginine C- Serine and Tyrosine D- Glycine and Proline E- Glutamate and Histidine
E- Glutamate and Histidine
Atoms will engage in chemical bonds if: A- They have different electron shells. B- They have different valence shells. C- They have different valence electrons. D- Their valence shell is full. E- Their valence shell is not full.
E- Their valence shell is not full.
