BIO 181 Week 03 Cell Components

Which of the following is false in respect to cells' chromosomes? Chromosomes contain DNA and proteins. Chromosomes exist even when cells are not actively synthesizing proteins. Chromosomes are present throughout a cell's reproductive cycle. Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide.

Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide.

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true? Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching. Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support. Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules. Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? Actin Motor proteins Tubulin Pseudopodia Mitochondria

Motor proteins

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? Ribosomes Chloroplast Mitochondrion ER Nuclear envelope

Ribosomes

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? Lysosome, vacuole, and ribosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and vacuole Vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, and vacuole

Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata. The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix. The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions.

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

Animal cells have unique organelles called __________ that are composed of structures called __________. centrioles; centrosomes nucleosomes; centrioles centrosomes; nucleosomes centrosomes; centrioles centromeres; centrioles

centrosomes; centrioles

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________. lack a plasma membrane have no ribosomes have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm have a smaller nucleus lack chromosomes

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________. human skin cell eukaryotic cell fungal cell plant cell prokaryotic cell

human skin cell

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________. in the plasma membrane on free cytoplasmic ribosomes in the ribosomes of the mitochondria in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________. in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum externally to the plasma membrane in the Golgi apparatus in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell __________. are intermediate filaments are microfilaments is the cytoskeleton are centrioles are microtubules

is the cytoskeleton

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of __________. There is no correct answer because the endosymbiotic theory is no longer supported. the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria chloroplasts and the plant cell vacuole mitochondria and chloroplasts mitochondria and ribosomes

mitochondria and chloroplasts

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________. nucleus nucleolus nucleosome nucleoid capsule

nucleoid

Cells are small because __________. area is proportional to a dimension cubed (X3), whereas volume is proportional to a dimension squared (X2) small cells are easier to back together of the geometric relationships between surface and volume None of the listed responses is correct. smaller objects have a smaller ratio of surface to volume

of the geometric relationships between surface and volume

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________. a gap junction a tight junction a microtubule plasmodesmata a cell wall

plasmodesmata

Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________. with "feet" to "walk" with the endoplasmic reticulum with motor proteins without ATP with glycosomes

with motor proteins

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components? The central vacuole Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Nucleus Cilia

Cilia

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization. Eukaryotic cells are much more successful than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins but prokaryotic cells cannot. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells lack many of the organelles found in prokaryotes.

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water. Lysosomes Ribosomes Nucleosomes Centrosomes Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores. Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores. The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER.

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

The extracellular matrix of the animal cell has all of the following molecular components except __________. fibronectin a middle lamella integrins proteoglycans collagen

a middle lamella

The organelle that is a plant cell's compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the __________. central vacuole lysosome food vacuole plastid contractile vacuole

central vacuole

Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________. muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and centriole function flagella motion, cilia motion, and centriole function muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cilia motion muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and flagella motion

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________. nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________. plasmodesmata; gap junctions desmosomes; plasmodesmata plasmodesmata; tight junctions tight junctions; gap junctions gap junctions; plasmodesmata

plasmodesmata; gap junctions

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________. absorb nutrients in the GI tract make a lot of ATP store large quantities of ions secrete a lot of protein move rapidly

secrete a lot of protein

Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are all of the following except __________. that the ancestral prokaryote had two outer membranes, which became the double membranes of the mitochondria and chloroplasts that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of circular DNA molecules associated with their membranes that mitochondria and chloroplasts can grow and reproduce within a cell that mitochondria and chloroplasts are somewhat independent within a cell that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes

that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________. a microtubule the plasma membrane a ribosome the nucleus the endomembrane system

the plasma membrane

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________. to synthesize lipids to synthesize sex hormones to store calcium ions to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins to detox drugs and alcohol

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins