Bio 2 Ch. 21, 23, 24

Which classification level would contain the greatest number of species?

domain

Retroviruses differ from other RNA viruses by:

Having reverse transcriptase instead of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Amphibians evolved directly from what ancestral organisms?

fishes

During the Pleistocene epoch, plant communities changed dynamically in response to:

fluctuating climates (ice ages).

Zea mays is the scientific name of the corn plant. Zea is the __________ name.

genus

A study of the genomes of dogs from around the world indicated that:

the dogs' closest relative is the gray wolf

The first fish:

were small and jawless but had bony armor.

The Cenozoic is often referred to the age of all of the following EXCEPT:

reptiles

Viroids cause a variety of plant diseases and are composed only of:

strands of RNA.

Temperate viruses:

do not always destroy their host.

The Mesozoic era is often called the age of:

reptiles

The first land animals were probably the:

arthropods

Refer to Figure 24-1d. The function of the structure labeled 3 is:

attachment to a host cell.

Viruses:

cannot independently perform metabolic activities.

The protein coat of a virus is called the:

capsid

Human viruses can enter human cells by fusion with the cell membrane or by:

endocytosis.

Phages are being considered for:

antibiotics in bacterial infections

Viral infections in humans spread via the circulatory system. Viral infections in plants spread from cell to cell via:

plasmodesmata

Viruses that attack bacteria are called:

phages

During the Oligocene epoch, specializations in mammals that are suggestive of a more open type of habitat include all of the following except:

the amniote egg.

An example of homologous structures is the wing of a bat and:

the arm of a human

Virulent (lytic) phages:

destroy bacteria

If a gene were transferred naturally by a bacterium from a plant genome to an insect genome, it would be an example of:

horizontal gene transfer.

Taxonomy is the science of:

naming, describing, and classifying organisms.

A prophage:

is phage DNA that is integrated into bacterial DNA.

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor is termed:

phylogeny.

Mammal-like reptiles arose during the:

Carboniferous period.

__________ developed the binomial system of nomenclature.

Carolus Linnaeus

__________ conversion occurs when a bacterium carrying viral genes takes on new, atypical characteristics.

Lysogenic

Which Kingdom contains the protozoa, water and slime molds, and algae?

Protista

What is the correct format for the scientific name of corn?

Zea mays

Viruses are classified by:

an international committee

Which of the following does NOT describe members of the Kingdom Fungi?

cells lack a nucleus

The bacterium that causes botulism disease is harmless until it:

contains a certain prophage DNA.

A(n) __________ character is a trait that has evolved relatively recently.

derived

Among the following, which is the longest unit of geological time (i.e., the most inclusive)?

era

Viral proteins can damage host cells by:

overwhelming the host cell with a large number of viruses

Mad cow disease is an example of an infection caused by a:

prion.

The five stages of a lytic infection are attachment, penetration, __________, assembly, and release.

replication

Early biologists classified living things into two kingdoms. Many biologists today recognize __________ kingdom(s).

six

Which of the following statements about dinosaurs is false?

Dinosaurs were all slow-moving, with relatively low metabolic rates.

Viruses were first identified:

because they caused an infection and were small enough to pass through filters that trapped bacteria.

The worldwide variety of organisms and ecosystems is termed:

biodiversity.

Sea snakes, which are reptiles, are similar in body form to eels, which are fish. Sea snakes and eels therefore demonstrate.

convergent evolution

Humans depend on other organisms to provide all of the following except:

declining biodiversity.

Which of the following identifies a group of DNA viruses?

herpesviruses

The specificity of viruses to different types of cells is due to __________ sites on the host cell.

receptor

The greatest mass extinction of all time, which occurred at the end of the Permian period:

resulted in the extinction of more than 90% of all existing marine species.

The scientific study of the diversity of organisms and the evolutionary relationships between them is referred to as:

systematics.

Most biologists recognize __________ domains.

3

Great swamp forests covered the globe and formed the major coal deposits during the:

Carboniferous period.

Multicellular eukaryotes arose about:

600 million years ago

The time in the history of Earth when evolution was progressing at the most rapid rate, as evidenced by fossils such as those of the Burgess Shale, is the:

Cambrian period.

Which kingdom has been reassigned to a number of "supergroups" by some biologists?

Kingdom Protista