Bio 2 Ch.22

10) Which pair of scientists below would probably have agreed with the process that is depicted by this tree? A) Cuvier and Lamarck B) Lamarck and Wallace C) Aristotle and Lyell D) Wallace and Linnaeus

B) Lamarck and Wallace

5) During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception? A) Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes. B) Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits. C) Only favorable adaptations have survival value. D) Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.

A) Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes

4) Prior to the work of Lyell and Darwin, the prevailing belief was that Earth is _____. A) a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging B) a few thousand years old, and populations gradually change C) millions of years old, and populations rapidly change D) millions of years old, and populations are unchanging

A) a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging

6) When Cuvier considered the fossils found in the vicinity of Paris, he concluded that the extinction of species _____. A) occurs, but that there is no evolution B) and the evolution of species both occur C) and the evolution of species do not occur D) does not occur, but evolution does occur

A) occurs, but that there is no evolution

7) In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants, exposed to increasingly colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to more cold-tolerant winter wheat. Lysenko's attempts in this regard were most in agreement with the ideas of _____. A) Cuvier B) Lamarck C) Darwin D) Lyell

B) Lamarck

2) Catastrophism was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of _____. A) evolution B) the fossil record C) uniformitarianism D) the origin of new species

B) the fossil record

9) If x indicates the fossils of two closely related species, neither of which is extinct, then their remains may be found in how many of these strata? A) one stratum B) two strata C) three strata D) four strata

B) two strata

8) If x indicates the location of fossils of two closely related species, then fossils of their most- recent common ancestor are most likely to occur in which stratum? A) A B) B C) C D) D

C

11) The cow Bos primigenius (which is bred for meat and milk) has a smaller brain and larger eyes than closely related wild species of ungulates. These traits most likely arose by _____. A) natural selection, because these traits evolved in the population over time B) natural selection, because these traits were not consciously selected by humans C) artificial selection, because changes in these traits co-occurred with human selection for high milk output and high muscle content D) artificial selection, because these animals differ from their close relatives and common ancestor

C) artificial selection, because changes in these traits co-occurred with human selection for high milk output and high muscle content

1) Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection was revolutionary because it _____. A) was the first theory to refute the ideas of special creation B) proved that individuals acclimated to their environment over time C) dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the importance of variation and change in populations D) was the first time a biologist had proposed that species changed through time

C. dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the importance of variation and change in populations

3) With what other idea of his time was Cuvier's theory of catastrophism most in conflict? A) the scala naturae B) the fixity of species C) island biogeography D) uniformitarianism

D) uniformitarianism