bio 2 lab test 1

If the frequency of q = 0.4 for a particular trait, what is p?

0.6

five types of feathers in birds and their purpose:

1. contour feathers: provide the bird's shape and aid its flight 2. down feathers: help insulate a bird 3. natal down feathers: make a duckling or chick appear fluffy 4. filoplumes: hairlike, that provide sensory feedback on contour feather activity 5. bristles: sensory and protective. found near the mouth of some birds, such as flycatchers

Using the same information as in the question above, what is the percentage of individuals who should be homozygous dominant?

16%

Using the Hardy Weinberg equation, p2+2pq+q2=1, if q2 represents 360 individuals in a population of 1000 (0.36 or 36%), what percentage of individuals should be heterozygous in the population for the studied trait?

48%

what is microevolution?

A change in a population's gene pool over generations.

3. What conditions must be met for the Hardy-Weinberg equation to hold true?

A large breeding population. Random mating. No change in allelic frequency due to mutation. No immigration or emigration. No natural selection

Why would you add bleach to a sponge specimen before observing it through a microscope?

Bleach will dissolve the spongin, making it easier to see the spicules.

Pearl earrings are made from what natural process?

Irritant enters oyster or mussel and is coated in calcium carbonate.

categories of classification:

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What do we mean by "gene flow"?

Movement of individuals into or out of the population.

What do rotifers and annelids have in common?

Protective cuticle layer

Which of the following is a characteristic of jellyfish?

Radial symmetry and an incomplete digestive tract

How does a hermit crab benefit from a relationship with sea anemones?

Sea anemones provide camouflage for hermit crabs.

Which of the following conditions MUST be true for a population in order for the population to remain in equilibrium and not have a change in allele frequencies for a genetic trait?

The population must be large and all must be able to reproduce.

2. What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation and what does it refer to?

The state of a population in which frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work.

Which of the following statements about cnidarians is NOT true?

They are filter-feeding invertebrates.

Which of the following statements about dichotomous keys is TRUE?

They are formatted as a series of paired choices. They can be used to identify various types of unknown organisms. They account for the majority of taxonomical keys in use.

Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT true?

They have mesoglea between the epidermis and endodermis.

demonstrate conditions for microevolution to occur

This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection (natural and artificial), gene flow and genetic drift.

Cnidarians do not contain _________________.

a respiratory system

the number one in the weinberg theorem, represents?

all of the population you're studying

Which part of the sponge is important in digesting and circulating nutrients?

ameobocyte

ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems.

amphibians

A medusa is often described as ____.

an umbrella-shaped body with tentacles that hang down

Which class is also called "flower animals"?

anthozoa

Which feature is NOT attributed to leeches in centuries-old medical procedures?

antibacterial

Know the three domains and the organisms and basic characteristics of the organisms found in them.

archaea: prokaryotic bacteria: prokaryotic eukaryote: eukaryotic

What is the function of the scolex in a tapeworm?

attachment to the host

known as Aves or avian dinosaurs, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

birds

Where does gas exchange occur in turbellarians?

body surface

is a diverse taxonomic group of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue, as opposed to cartilage.

bony fish

Class Polychaeta in the Phylum Annelida

bristle worms

How does a sponge reproduce asexually?

budding,gemmules and fragmentation

things in the phyla porferia

calcarea, demospongiae, hexactinellida, sponges

Which of the following scientists is known as the "father of taxonomy?"

carlous linnaeus

a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes: they are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, a heart with its chambers in series, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii and Holocephali.

cartilage fish

three subphyla of chordates

cephalochordate tunicate lancelet vertebrate

Which jellyfish is most likely to deliver a lethal sting?

chironex fleckeri

Class Polyplacophora

chitons

What class of molluscs provides us with our seafood dinners of clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops?

class bivalvia

Which class of molluscs is the most diverse?

class gastropoda

Ever since Darwin, systematics has tried to

classify species in groups that reflect evolutionary relationships.

Rotifers have a(n)______________.

complete digestive system

insect goes through four distinct stages: Egg. Larva. Pupa.

complete metamorphosis

What function do eyespots serve?

detection of light

A mode of animal development in which the opening formed during gastrulation becomes the anus. Animals with the deuterostome pattern of development include the echinoderms and the chordates.

deuterostomes

excretion and respiration in sponge occur through _________

diffusion

Classification schemes evolved as a means of making sense of the ________ of life.

diversity

the hardy weinberg theorem p+q=1. P represents the _____ allele and Q represents the ____ allele for a particular characteristic

dominant;recessive

Class Oligochaeta

earthworm

Diploblastic animals have which germ layers?

ectoderm and endoderm

A hard skeleton located within the soft tissues of an animal; includes spicules of sponges, the hard plates of echinoderms, and the cartilage and bony skeletons of vertebrates.

endoskeleton:

Anemones feed primarily on ________________.

fishes

Class Turbellaria

flatworms

Class Trematoda

flukes

class bivalvia

freshwater mollusks

Which of the following are examples of the domain Eukarya?

fungi,protists,plants

Which of the following options lists taxonomic categories in the correct order from most specific to most general?

genus,family,order,class,phylum

are eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish. They are the only known living animals that have a skull but no vertebral column, although hagfish do have rudimentary vertebrae.

hagfish

What does 2pq represent?

heterozygous

what does p2 represent

homozygous dominant

Setae in annelids are used ______.

in locomotion in respiration as anchor mechanisms

which an insect hatches from an egg and then goes through several nymphal stages. Each nymphal stage looks like a small version of the adult but getting slightly bigger with age. At the final nymphal stage the insect then moults into the adult form.

incomplete metamorphosis

ancient extant lineage of jawless fish of the order Petromyzontiformes, placed in the superclass Cyclostomata. The adult lamprey may be characterized by a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth

lamprey

Class Hirudinia

leeches

distinguish between male and female nematoda

male: is smaller than the female, males have a bent tail female: is wider than the male, females have a straight tail

vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding their young, a neocortex, fur or hair, and three middle ear bones.

mammals

class Anthozoa

marine invertebrates. sea anemones corals

Ctenophores exist in______________ form, exclusively in _____ environments with ____________ water.

medusa,marine,warm

Cnidarians have all of the following EXCEPT ________________.

mesoderm

Cnidarians have ______________ between the epidermis and the gastrodermis.

mesoglea

The Hardy Weinberg principle allows us to see if_______ is occurring in a population for a particular trait.

microevolution

While swimming in the ocean, you feel a sting on your leg from a Portuguese man-of-war. The sting was caused by ________.

nematocysts

Cestodes are dependent on their host for ____________ because they lack ______________.

nutrients, a digestive tract

What purpose does a pharynx serve in a planarian?

obtaining food

Class Cephalopoda

octopus, squid, cuttlefish and chambered nautilus

In the three-domain system, the eukaryotes are represented

only within the domain Eukarya.

to determine allele frequency the equation _____ is used

p^2+2pq=q^2=1

class cestoda

parasitic worms. tape worms

What does a box jellyfish possess that a true jellyfish does not?

pedalia

class Scyphozoa(cnidaria)

phylum of stinging creatures. jellyfish, moon jellies, sea nettles

The word Porifera comes from a Latin word that means ___________.

pore-bearer

A mode of animal development in which the opening formed during gastrulation becomes the mouth. Animals with the protostome pattern of development include the flatworms, molluscs, annelids, nematodes, and arthropods.

protosomes

An arrangement of the body parts of an organism like pieces of a pie around an imaginary central axis. Any slice passing longitudinally through a radially symmetric organism's central axis divides the organism into mirror-image halves.

radial symmetry

characteristics of echinoderms

radial symmetry. endoskeleton: pedicellariae: water vascular system; tube feet:

What is the process called when a planarian is cut in half and produces two subsequent fully formed individuals?

regeneration

tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology

reptiles

True jellyfishes belong to which class of phylum Cnidaria?

scyphozoa

Which of the following cnidarians exist in a polyp form as their main body form?

sea anemones and corals

Phylum Mollusca

second largest phylum. bivalvia, gastropods, octopus, squid

Hatched proglottid eggs from a tapeworm, ingested by an intermediate host, turn into larvae that would be incorporated into ____________ muscle.

skeletal

Most turbellarians feed on _______________.

small invertebrates

class Hydrozoa

small predatory animals. box jellyfish, true jellyfish, sea anemones

class gastropoda

snails and slugs

in order for equilibrium to occur:

the population must be large, no mutations, no migrant in or out of the population, mating must be random, there's no selection; no allele is favored over another allele

Perfectly round holes in a mollusc's shell are caused by ______________.

the rasping of the radula

Earthworms are monoecious, meaning _______________.

they possess both male and female organs

What is the purpose of the basal disk in Hydra?

to attach to a substrate

In order for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to occur in a population over time, mating must be completely random.

true

how many hosts does a tapeworm require

two