BIO 2006 Chapter 22 Smartbook Questions

The female reproductive cycle is characterized by regular, recurring changes in the ______, which culminate in menstrual bleeding (menses).

endometrium

Which layer of the uterus undergoes regular, recurring changes during the menstrual cycle?

endometrium

All of the following are accessory glands of the male reproductive system except the ______. -seminal vesicles -epididymis -prostate gland -bulbourethral glands

epididymis

Which contraceptive method prevents pregnancy by interfering with ovulation?

morning-after-pill

At puberty, FSH levels increase and the ovaries enlarge. Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles mature into ______ follicles.

primary

Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles first mature into ______.

primary follicles

Sperm are produced by the ______ sex organs and transported to the outside of the body by the actions of ______ sex organs.

primary; accessory

What is ovulation?

process of releasing cells from the follicles

Which of the following is not a function of the female reproductive system?

produce FSH and LH

The male external reproductive organs are the penis and the sac-like structure called the

scrotum

The external accessory organs of the male reproductive system are the ______.

scrotum and penis

In the female, the internal accessory reproductive organs are a pair of uterine tubes, a(n) __________, and a(n) vagina

uterus; vagina

All of the following are components of the vulva except the ______.

vagina

A woman in mid life is in the period of ______ after menstruation has ceased for a year.

menopause

What is the term for the cessation of menstruation that occurs at midlife?`

menopause

Which birth control method requires abstinence from sexual intercourse two days before and one day after ovulation?

rhythm method

Indicate which of the following structures are male external reproductive organs. -scrotum -penis -prostate gland -bulbourethral glands -seminal vesicles

scrotum, penis

Which two cells are released from the mature antral follicle during ovulation?

secondary oocyte and first polar body

A method designed to avoid fertilization of an oocyte or to prevent implantation of a blastocyst containing the embryo is called

contraception

Indicate two roles of the male reproductive system.

-Spermatogenesis -Secrete hormones vital to maintaining secondary sex characteristics

Why is the term sexually transmitted infection replacing the term sexually transmitted disease?

Because a person may transmit the pathogen but not develop the symptoms of the disease

Match the female reproductive organ with its function: uterine tube

Conveys secondary oocyte toward uterus; site of fertilization

Match the female reproductive organ with its function: vagina

Conveys uterine secretions to outside of body; receives erect penis during sexual intercourse; provides open channel for offspring during birth process

What are spermatogonia?

Diploid cells that will become sperm cells

Match the female reproductive organ with its function: labia majora

Encloses and protects other external reproductive organs

True or false: During prophase I, homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called fertilization.

False

Match the female reproductive organ with its function: labia minora

Form margins of vestibule; protect openings of vagina and urethra

How does an intrauterine device (IUD) prevent pregnancy?

It inhibits endometrial growth so implantation does not occur

What does the root word -genesis mean?

Origin

Although mammary glands in males and females are similar, the development of mammary glands is different in males and females. Why?

Ovarian hormones stimulate development of mammary glands in females

Match the female reproductive organ with its function: clitoris

Produces feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation due to abundant sensory nerve endings in glans

Match the female reproductive organ with its function: ovary

Produces female sex hormones

Match the female reproductive organ with its function: uterus

Protects and sustains the embryo during pregnancy

Which of the following statements are true about IUDs?

Some IUDs create a hostile environment for sperm and inhibit endometrial growth to prevent implantation

Match the female reproductive organ with its function: vestibule

Space that contains openings for the vagina and urethra

What is the definition of contraception?

The prevention of pregnancy

Which two statements describe chemical barrier contraceptives?

They create an unfavorable environment in the vagina and they include creams, foams, and jellies

If used correctly, combined hormone contraceptives prevent pregnancy nearly 100% of the time. How do they work?

They deliver estrogen and progestin to prevent pregnancy

The uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia are examples of a female's ______ sex organs.

accessory

Select the correct sequence of components of mammary glands through which milk is secreted.

alveolar gland → alveolar duct → lactiferous duct → nipple

The birth control method that consists of the removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation is called ______.

coitus interruptus

Indicate the birth control method that delivers estrogen-like and progesterone-like hormones to prevent pregnancy.

combined hormone contraceptives

An example of a mechanical barrier contraceptive is a sheath called a(n) __________ that prevents sperm from entering the vagina and/or reaching the cervix

condom

What is an example of a chemical barrier contraceptive?

cream, foam, or jelly

The products of the process of meiosis are ______.

four genetically unique daughter cells

The nipple is located near the tip of each breast at about the level of the ______ and it is surrounded by a circular area of pigmented skin called ______.

fourth intercostal space; areola

The root word that means origin is

genesis

Homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called crossing-over. What does this process produce?

genetically unique sister chromatids

At puberty, the ______ begins secreting increasing amounts of GnRH, which stimulate the ______ to release FSH and LH, which act on the ______ to promote female sex cell maturation and sex hormone release.

hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries

Most androgens are produced by the _______ cells of the testes, but the adrenal _________ also synthesizes small amounts.

interstitial; cortex

The mammary glands are composed of 15-20 ______, which each drain into ______ that open to the outside at the nipple.

lobes; lactiferous ducts

Which two hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in males?

lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

The accessory organs of the female reproductive system specialized to secrete milk following pregnancy are called ___________ glands

mammary

The structures within the breasts of pregnant and lactating women are the ______ glands.

mammary

Male and female condoms are types of ______ contraception.

mechanical barrier

The process of ______ results in the formation of haploid cells with one set of genetic instructions carried on 23 chromosomes, while the process of ______ results in the formation of diploid cells with two sets of 23 chromosomes.

meiosis; mitosis

The female reproductive system produces and maintains the female sex cells, called

oocytes

What is the name of the process that results in formation of the female gametes by meiosis?

oogenesis

The process in which egg cells (oocytes) are developed is called

oogenesis`

The solid, ovoid organs of the female reproductive system, located in shallow depressions in the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity, are called the

ovaries

Which paired oval-shaped female reproductive organs lie in shallow depressions in the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?

ovaries

A morning-after-pill prevents pregnancy by interfering with ______.

ovulation

A couple abstains from intercourse for several days a month, around the time of ovulation. What is the name of the contraception method?

rhythm method

The three male accessory glands are: the _________ vesicles, ____________ gland, and bulbourethral glands.

seminal; prostate

Male sex cells are called

sperm

Sex cells produced by the male gonads are called ______.

sperm

Undifferentiated spermatogenic cells are called

spermatogonia

Which two endocrine organs produce androgens?

testes and adrenal cortex

Two endocrine organs (hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland) and a male reproductive organ (________), secrete hormones that maintain sperm cell production and oversee the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.

testis

Indicate the four statements that describe a vasectomy.

-It is one of the most reliable forms of contraception -After a vasectomy, sperm cells are excluded from the semen -It is an operation that produces few side effects -It involves removing a section of the vas deferens and tying the cut ends

Indicate which of the following statements are true about the injectable contraception method medroxyprogesterone acetate.

-It may take 10-18 months after the last injection for the effects to wear off -It makes the uterine lining less hospitable for a developing embryo -It prevents maturation and release of a secondary oocyte

Which three statements are true about erection of the penis? -The increasing pressure of arterial blood in erectile tissue compresses the veins -Nitric oxide increases blood flow into erectile tissue -It is mediated by sympathetic nerve impulses -The penis swells and elongates -The reflex is mediated by the pons of the brainstem

-The increasing pressure of arterial blood in erectile tissue compresses the veins -Nitric oxide increases blood flow into erectile tissue -The penis swells and elongates

Male reproductive functions are controlled by secretions from which three of the following? -anterior pituitary gland -adrenal gland -hypothalamus -testes -parathyroid gland

-anterior pituitary gland -hypothalamus -testes

True or false: Only females have mammary glands.

False

During sexual stimulation, parasympathetic impulses release nitric oxide (NO) that dilates arteries of the penis causing accumulation of blood; the penis swells and elongates, producing an

erection

Which three organs secrete hormones that control the maturation of oocytes and the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics?

hypothalamus, ovary, anterior pituitary gland

The term sexually transmitted ______ is replacing the term sexually transmitted ______ because a person can be infected with a pathogen and transmit the pathogen to others but not develop the symptoms of the disease.

infection; disease

What type of contraceptive is medroxyprogesterone acetate?

injectable contraceptive

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces the anterior pituitary to secrete the two gonadotropins: ______ and ______.

lutenizing hormone; follicle-stimulating hormone

The rupture of the mature follicle and the release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body occur during the process of

ovulation

From the spinal cord, ______ impulses cause ______ of the arteries and subsequent ______ of the veins. Consequently, blood accumulates in the erectile tissue and produces an erection.

parasympathetic; dilation; constriction

The female external accessory organs are collectively referred to as the ___________, , and include the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibular glands.

vulva

Indicate two names used to describe the birth control method that consists of the removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.

withdrawal method and coitus interruptus