BIO 201: Ch. 15

What would be found in the anterior and posterior chambers?

Aqueous humor

The primary olfactory cortex is located in the ______.

Temporal

The factors that affect visual acuity are ______.

the shape of the eyeball and flexibility of the lens

Together the cornea and the sclera comprise the ______ tunic.

Fibrous

Where are olfactory neurons located?

In the superior nasal cavity

Presbyopia occurs when the lens becomes ______.

Less flexible

Identify the members of the neuronal pathway. Select all that apply.

Medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus Cochlear nucleus in medulla oblongata Cochlear ganglion

The optic nerves cross, forming the ______ ______.

Optic chiasm

The area of the retina that does not respond to light is the ______.

Optic disc

The optic chiasm forms as a result of crossing of the ______.

Optic nerves

True or False: Olfactory neurons are located in the olfactory epithelium of the superior region of the nasal cavity.

True

True or False: The sense of taste is transmitted by three cranial nerves.

True

Identify the middle layer of the wall of the eyeball.

Vascular tunic

As the height or ______ of a sound wave increases, the volume ______.

amplitude, increases

The photoreceptive molecule of rods is ______ and the photoreceptive molecule of cones is _____.

rhodopsin, iodopsin

Evaluation of the position of the head relative to gravity and detection of linear acceleration and deceleration is the function of the ______ labyrinth while evaluation of movements of the head is the function of the ______ labyrinth.

static, dynamic

The 5 major tastants are salt, __________, _________, ________, and _________.

sweet sour bitter umami

Correctly pair each of the structures of the ear with the appropriate function.

Auditory Ossicles - Transmits vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window Auricle - Collects sound waves and directs them towards the external auditory canal Cochlea - Structure that contains sensory organs that convert sound waves into nerve impulses Auditory tube - Equilibrates pressure between the outside air and the middle ear Semicircular canals - Structure that contains sensory organs that detect motion

What are rods?

Bipolar photoreceptors that play a role in non-color vision under low light conditions.

Identify the neuronal pathway for hearing from the cochlear nerve and ending with the cerebral cortex.

Cochlear ganglion Cochlear nucleus in medulla oblongata Inferior colliculus Medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe

Match each of the structures of the ear with the appropriate function.

Cochlear nerve - Transmits auditory information Vestibular nerve - Transmits sensory information in regards to balance External auditory canal - Transmits sound waves to the tympanic membrane Cerumenious Glands - Produces wax that prevents foreign object from entering deep into the ear Tympanic Membrane - Transmits vibrations to the auditory ossicles

Color vision and visual acuity are the functions of _____ cells.

Cone

Name the photoreceptor cells that are responsible for color vision and visual acuity.

Cone cells

Identify those structures that are accessory structures of the eye. Select all that apply.

Conjunctiva Lacrimal apparatus Eyelid Eyebrows

Match each accessory structure with the correct function.

Conjunctiva - Mucus membrane protecting inner surface of eyelid and anterior surface of sclera Lacrimal apparatus - Protects and lubricates the eyes through the production of tears Extrinsic eye muscles - Moves the eyeball Eyebrows - Prevents perspiration from entering the eyes and shades the eyes from sunlight Eyelids - Lubricates eyeball by spreading tears over surface of eye and protects eye from foreign objects

Identify the structures that receive axons from the vestibular nucleus of medulla. Select all that apply.

Extrinsic eye muscles Thalamus Cerebellum

List the structures of the visual system. Select all that apply.

Eye Lacrimal gland

Identify the nerves that transmit taste sensations. Select all that apply.

Facial nerve (VII) Vagus nerve (X) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

True or False: As the height or amplitude of a sound wave increases, the loudness of the sound decreases.

False

Identify the different types of papillae named according to shape. Select all that apply.

Foliate Filiform Vallate Fungiform

Identify the structures within the external auditory canal that prevents foreign objects from reaching the tympanic membrane. Select all that apply.

Hair Cerumen

Name the structure which is suspended between the posterior chamber and the vitreous chamber by suspensory ligaments.

Lens

The fovea centralis is found in the center of a yellow spot on the retina called the _____ lutea.

Macula

What are the functions of the aqueous humor? Select all that apply.

Maintains the shape of the eye Maintains pressure in the eye Nourishes the cornea Refracts light

A concave lens corrects ______.

Myopia

People who have ______ can see close object clearly, but distant object appear blurry.

Myopia

The retina forms the _____ tunic.

Nervous

Place the tunics of the eyeball in order, beginning with the innermost layer.

Nervous Vascular Fibrous

How does the avascular cornea acquire oxygen?

Oxygen diffuses from the atmosphere to the cornea.

Explain how the avascular cornea obtains oxygen and nutrients.

Oxygen from the outside air.

The projections on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds are called ________.

Papillae

What is the normal unavoidable degeneration of the accommodation power of eye associated with aging called?

Presbyopia

Which type of astigmatism is easily correctable with glasses?

Regular

The nervous tunic of the eye is composed primarily of the ______.

Retina

The neural layer of the retina contains photoreceptor cells called _______ and _______.

Rods Cones

Differentiate rods and cones.

Rods contain the photoreceptive molecule rhodopsin and cones contain the photoreceptive molecule iodopsin.

Identify the components of the fibrous tunic. Select all that apply.

Sclera Cornea

Identify the structures that are part of the inner ear. Select all that apply.

Semicircular canals Vestibule Cochlea

The utricle and the saccule form the ______ labyrinth. It evaluates the position of the head relative to gravity and detects linear acceleration and deceleration.

Static

Identify the structures that are part of the middle ear. Select all that apply.

Tympanic membrane Auditory ossicles

Place the following structures in order as vibrations pass from the external ear to the inner ear.

Tympanic membrane Malleus Incus Stapes Oval window

Select components of the neuronal pathway for balance. Select all that apply.

Vestibular nucleus Vestibulocochlear nerve Thalamus

The eye's ability to focus an image on the retina so that a clear image is perceived is ______.

Visual acuity

The sense of smell is ____.

olfaction

Most neurons are permanent cells, however _______ neurons are unique among sensory neurons in that they are continuously replaced.

olfactory

The auditory ossicles function in transmitting vibrations from the ______ to the ______ of the inner ear.

tympanic membrane, oval window

The jelly-like substance found in the largest chamber of the eye is called _____.

vitreous humor