BIO 2020 CH 5 Integument

The smooth muscle associated with a hair follicle is called _________. A. arrector pili B. arrector vellus C. alopecia areata D. erector folliculi

A. arrector pili

The dermis is composed of what type of tissue? A. Adipose B. Connective C. Epithelial D. Stratified squamous

B. Connective

Dogs track humans by the scent of epithelial cells that are constantly being shed. These cells are shed from which stratum? A. Basale B. Corneum C. Granulosum D. Spinosum

B. Corneum

Which layer of the skin has no blood vessels? A. Dermis B. Epidermis C. Hypodermis

B. Epidermis

The touch sensors of the epidermis are the _________. A. keratinocytes B. tactile cells C. dendritic cells D. melanocytes

B. tactile cells

Which of the following types of skin cancer is the most dangerous? A. Basal cell B. Squamous cell C. Melanoma D. All are equally dangerous.

C. Melanoma

The most important role of the eccrine sweat gland is _________. A. milk production B. stress-induced sweating C. body temperature regulation D. earwax production

C. body temperature regulation

A patient taking a drug that inhibits cell division (such as certain chemotherapy drugs) would expect which layer of the epidermis to be affected first? A. Stratum corneum B. Stratum lucidum C. Stratum spinosum D. Stratum basale

D. Stratum basale

The principal role of melanin is to __________. A. give one that "healthy tan look" B. keep the body cool C. provide a waterproof layer D. shield the nucleus from damage by ultraviolet radiation

D. shield the nucleus from damage by ultraviolet radiation

Cells in the stratum corneum undergo mitosis to keep the layer thick and protective. True False

False

Joe just burned himself on a hot pot and the burn is quite painful. Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn. True False

False

When an individual is exposed to extremely cold air the dermal blood vessels will dilate so that more blood will be brought closer to the outside surface of the skin. True False

False

Our skin helps us to regulate our body temperature by causing shivering. Is this statement true or false? True False

False Rationale: Sweat glands secrete water (sweat) onto the surface of skin, which removes body heat as it evaporates. By dilating cutaneous blood vessels, blood flow to the skin is increased, which increases heat loss. By constricting blood vessels in the skin, the body decreases blood flow to the skin and thereby lowers heat loss. Shivering is a muscular response that increases our body temperature when we are cold.

The protein found in large amounts in the outermost layer of epidermal cells is collagen. True False

False keratin is the outermost layer of protein in epidermal cells

Keratin protects skin cell DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Is this statement true or false? True False

False rationale: Keratin helps to provide a water barrier for the integument; melanin protects skin cell DNA from UV radiation

The biggest risk factor for the development of skin cancer is excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. Exposure to UV light in a tanning booth is safer. Is this statement true or false? True False

False rationale: The single most important risk factor for skin cancer is overexposure to the UV radiation in sunlight. UV radiation damages DNA bases and appears to disable tumor suppressor genes, leading to the formation of cancerous cells. There is no such thing as a "healthy tan." Tanning booths use the same UV mechanism to stimulate melanin production; the UV exposure is the primary mechanism that leads to skin cancer.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Langerhans cells activate the immune system. Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body. Keratinocytes produce a fibrous protein to protect the epidermis. Melanin provides protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Tactile cells anchor the skin to the body. rationale: This is the incorrect statement. Tactile cells, in conjunction with their sensory nerve endings, function as touch receptors. The hypodermis, not tactile cells, anchors skin to the body.

Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn? The stretching causes the tension lines to disappear. The blood vessels in the dermis rupture and the blood passes through the tissue, causing "black-and-blue marks." The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis. The pain is acute due to the large number of Meissner's corpuscles.

The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis.

Which of the following best explains the fact that eyebrows do NOT grow as long as the hair on the head? The hair follicles of the eyebrows exhibit a resting phase, but the hair follicles in the scalp do not. The hair follicles of the eyebrows are not responsive to androgens; hair follicles in the scalp are responsive to androgens. The hair follicles of the eyebrows do not have a hair matrix; the hair follicles in the scalp do have a hair matrix. The hair of the eyebrows does not have a cuticle, but the hair on the head does have a cuticle. The hair follicles of the eyebrows are active for only a few months before becoming inactive; the hair follicles in the scalp are active for years before

The hair follicles of the eyebrows are active for only a few months before becoming inactive; the hair follicles in the scalp are active for years before rationale: The hair follicles in the scalp remain active for up to ten years, while those of the eyebrow are only active for up to four months before becoming inactive.

Which of the following represents a difference between eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands? Eccrine sweat glands are located deeper in the dermis than apocrine sweat glands. Eccrine sweat glands use exocytosis to make secretions, while apocrine sweat glands do not. Eccrine sweat glands begin to function at puberty, while apocrine sweat glands function throughout life. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands contain more fat and protein than do the secretions of eccrine sweat glands.

The secretions of apocrine sweat glands contain more fat and protein than do the secretions of eccrine sweat glands. rationale: Compared to the watery secretions of eccrine glands, apocrine sweat glands have secretions that are enriched with fats and proteins.

Which of the following does NOT protect the skin from bacteria? defensins cathelicidins the temperature of the skin dermcidin the low pH of the skin

The temperature of the skin rationale: The skin does not protect the skin against bacteria. In fact, the temperature of the skin is ideal for many types of bacteria.

The apocrine sweat glands are not the primary gland involved in thermoregulation. True False

True

The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers while the epidermis does not. True False

True

Which of the following would be a sign of a melanoma? a size smaller than 6 mm regular borders asymmetry uniform coloration

asymmetry rationale:Cancerous growths exhibit asymmetry. Benign growths exhibit symmetry, regular borders, uniform coloration, and they are usually less than 6 mm in diameter.

A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured? lucidum granulosum spinosum basale

basale

Which skin pigment is made in the skin as a natural defense against UV radiation? carotene melanin keratin hemoglobin

melanin rationale: Melanin is the only one of the three pigments (melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin) that contribute to skin color that is actually produced in the skin itself.

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is __________. basal cell carcinoma melanoma squamous cell carcinoma All of these skin cancers are equally dangerous.

melanoma rationale: Melanoma, cancer of melanocytes, is the most dangerous skin cancer because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy. These cancers appear spontaneously, and about one-third develop from preexisting moles.

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the epidermis? stratum granulosum reticular layer stratum corneum basal layer

reticular layer rationale: There isn't a stratum reticulum. The epidermis of thick skin consists of 5 layers. From deep to superficial, these layers are stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. (Study tip: Try the mnemonic BSGLC--Betty's Skin Glows Like Candles.) Thin skin lacks the stratum lucidum; thus, it consists of only the four major layers.

In general, skin cancer is least likely to develop in which of the following locations? scalp forehead nose the back of the hand

scalp rationale: The skin of scalp has hair, which gives it added protection from the damaging ultraviolet rays of the sun.

Which glands secrete an oily product that softens the skin and hair? eccrine sweat glands sebaceous glands apocrine sweat glands ceruminous glands

sebaceous glands rationale: Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called sebum. Sebum softens and lubricates the hair and skin, slows water loss from the skin when external humidity is low, and has bactericidal properties.

Susan sat out in the sun watching a baseball game. She developed small blisters on her unprotected shoulders and neck. What type of burn is represented by the formation of the blisters? first-degree burn second-degree burn third-degree burn full-thickness burn

second degree burn rationale: Second-degree burns injure the epidermis and the superficial region of the dermis. Symptoms mimic those of first-degree burns, but blisters also appear.

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement? stratum basale stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum

stratum basale

Which stratum of the epidermis contains the stem cells responsible for regenerating the more superficial layers? stratum basale stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum

stratum basale rationale: The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis and consists of one layer of actively mitotic stem cells. The stem cells in this layer generate the cells that will migrate to the more superficial layers: spinosum, granulosum, and corneum.

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ________. the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information you would predict that the cut has penetrated to ________. the papillary layer but not the reticular layer the subcutaneous layer, but no deeper the stratum basale but not the dermal layers the stratum corneum but not the stratum granulosum

the stratum basale but not the dermal layers